Merge bitcoin-core#214: Fix crash on simultaneous IPC calls using the same thread

1238170 test: simultaneous IPC calls using same thread (Novo)
eb069ab Fix crash on simultaneous IPC calls using the same thread (Novo)

Pull request description:

  Relevant Issue: bitcoin-core#206

  This error occurs when non-C++ clients make simultaneous IPC calls to the server using the same Server thread.
  The libmultiprocess C++ client ensures a 1-to-1 mapping of client-to-server threads, so simultaneous calls using the same thread cannot be made.

  ---

  ### **Testing**
  I have added a unit test in the last commit.
  You can cherry-pick this commit on master to reproduce the crash.

ACKs for top commit:
  ryanofsky:
    Code review ACK 1238170, since the code changes here all make sense except the initial `running = 3` value, and there is a comment about that, so at least it's called out and may be something that can be improved later.

Tree-SHA512: 799793be3861694df3a97f6140c8d38909175fa20e428dbd49762175ee051297f20d9099e46ad0845dc99b7504b1a934a924c27198b5229a1c3fadb453763007

Author: ryanofsky

include/mp/proxy-io.h

@@ -281,12 +281,13 @@ struct Waiter
     Waiter() = default;
 
     template <typename Fn>
-    void post(Fn&& fn)
+    bool post(Fn&& fn)
     {
         const Lock lock(m_mutex);
-        assert(!m_fn);
+        if (m_fn) return false;
         m_fn = std::forward<Fn>(fn);
         m_cv.notify_all();
+        return true;
     }
 
     template <class Predicate>

include/mp/type-context.h

@@ -152,7 +152,12 @@ auto PassField(Priority<1>, TypeList<>, ServerContext& server_context, const Fn&
                 const auto& thread = static_cast<ProxyServer<Thread>&>(*thread_server);
                 server.m_context.loop->log()
                     << "IPC server post request  #" << req << " {" << thread.m_thread_context.thread_name << "}";
-                thread.m_thread_context.waiter->post(std::move(invoke));
+                if (!thread.m_thread_context.waiter->post(std::move(invoke))) {
+                    server.m_context.loop->log()
+                        << "IPC server error request #" << req
+                        << " {" << thread.m_thread_context.thread_name << "}" << ", thread busy";
+                    throw std::runtime_error("thread busy");
+                }
             } else {
                 server.m_context.loop->log()
                     << "IPC server error request #" << req << ", missing thread to execute request";

test/mp/test/test.cpp

@@ -5,21 +5,28 @@
 #include <mp/test/foo.capnp.h>
 #include <mp/test/foo.capnp.proxy.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <capnp/capability.h>
 #include <capnp/rpc.h>
+#include <condition_variable>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <exception>
 #include <functional>
 #include <future>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <kj/async.h>
 #include <kj/async-io.h>
 #include <kj/common.h>
 #include <kj/debug.h>
+#include <kj/exception.h>
 #include <kj/memory.h>
+#include <kj/string.h>
 #include <kj/test.h>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mp/proxy.h>
+#include "mp/proxy.capnp.h"
 #include <mp/proxy-io.h>
+#include "mp/util.h"
 #include <optional>
 #include <set>
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -297,5 +304,71 @@ KJ_TEST("Calling IPC method, disconnecting and blocking during the call")
     signal.set_value();
 }
 
+KJ_TEST("Make simultaneous IPC callbacks with same request_thread and callback_thread")
+{
+    TestSetup setup;
+    ProxyClient<messages::FooInterface>* foo = setup.client.get();
+    std::promise<void> signal;
+
+    foo->initThreadMap();
+    // Use callFnAsync() to get the client to setup the request_thread
+    // that will be used for the test.
+    setup.server->m_impl->m_fn = [&] {};
+    foo->callFnAsync();
+    ThreadContext& tc{g_thread_context};
+    std::optional<Thread::Client> callback_thread, request_thread;
+    {
+        Lock lock(tc.waiter->m_mutex);
+        callback_thread = tc.callback_threads.at(foo->m_context.connection)->m_client;
+        request_thread = tc.request_threads.at(foo->m_context.connection)->m_client;
+    }
+
+    setup.server->m_impl->m_fn = [&] {
+        try
+        {
+            signal.get_future().get();
+        }
+        catch(const std::exception& e)
+        {
+            KJ_EXPECT(e.what() == std::string("Future already retrieved"));
+        }
+    };
+
+    auto client{foo->m_client};
+    bool caught_thread_busy = false;
+    // NOTE: '3' was choosen because it was the lowest number
+    // of simultaneous calls required to reliably catch a "thread busy" error
+    std::atomic<size_t> running{3};
+    foo->m_context.loop->sync([&]
+    {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < running; i++)
+        {
+            auto request{client.callFnAsyncRequest()};
+            auto context{request.initContext()};
+            context.setCallbackThread(*callback_thread);
+            context.setThread(*request_thread);
+            foo->m_context.loop->m_task_set->add(request.send().then(
+                [&](auto&& results) {
+                    running -= 1;
+                    tc.waiter->m_cv.notify_all();
+                },
+                [&](kj::Exception&& e) {
+                    KJ_EXPECT(std::string_view{e.getDescription().cStr()} ==
+                        "remote exception: std::exception: thread busy");
+                    caught_thread_busy = true;
+                    running -= 1;
+                    signal.set_value();
+                    tc.waiter->m_cv.notify_all();
+                }
+            ));
+        }
+    });
+    {
+        Lock lock(tc.waiter->m_mutex);
+        tc.waiter->wait(lock, [&running] { return running == 0; });
+    }
+    KJ_EXPECT(caught_thread_busy);
+}
+
 } // namespace test
 } // namespace mp