all you need to know to handle data
graph TB;
A[Database Concepts] -->|Covers| B[Basic Concepts]
A -->|Covers| C[Characteristics of DBMS]
A -->|Covers| D[Concepts & Architecture]
A -->|Covers| E[Data Models & Instances]
A -->|Covers| F[DBMS Architecture]
A -->|Covers| G[Database Languages]
A -->|Covers| H[Data Modelling - ER Model]
A -->|Covers| I[SQL]
A -->|Covers| J[Constraints]
subgraph "Basic Concepts"
B1[Database]
B2[Database Users]
B2 --> B3[End Users]
B2 --> B4[Application Programmers]
B2 --> B5[DBAs]
B2 --> B6[Sophisticated Users]
end
subgraph "Characteristics of DBMS"
C1[Self-describing]
C2[Data Independence]
C3[Multiple Views]
C4[Data Sharing]
C5[Integrity & Security]
C6[Transaction Management]
end
subgraph "Concepts & Architecture"
D1[Three-Schema Architecture]
D1 --> D2[External Level]
D1 --> D3[Conceptual Level]
D1 --> D4[Internal Level]
D2 --> D5[Logical Independence]
D3 --> D6[Physical Independence]
end
subgraph "Data Models & Instances"
E1[Data Models]
E1 --> E2[Relational]
E1 --> E3[Hierarchical]
E1 --> E4[Network]
E1 --> E5[Object-Oriented]
E6[Schema]
E7[Instance]
end
subgraph "DBMS Architecture"
F1[Centralized]
F2[Client-Server]
F3[Distributed]
end
subgraph "Database Languages"
G1[DDL - Data Definition Language]
G2[DML - Data Manipulation Language]
G3[DCL - Data Control Language]
G4[Interfaces - Forms, GUIs, APIs]
end
subgraph "Data Modelling - ER Model"
H1[Entities]
H2[Attributes]
H3[Relationships]
H4[ER Diagrams]
H5[Enhanced ER Concepts]
H5 --> H6[Specialization]
H5 --> H7[Generalization]
H5 --> H8[Aggregation]
H9[Mapping ER to Relational Model]
end
subgraph "SQL"
I1[DDL]
I1 --> I2[CREATE]
I1 --> I3[ALTER]
I1 --> I4[DROP]
I5[DML]
I5 --> I6[INSERT]
I5 --> I7[UPDATE]
I5 --> I8[DELETE]
I5 --> I9[SELECT]
I10[DCL]
I10 --> I11[GRANT]
I10 --> I12[REVOKE]
I13[Views]
I14[Indexes]
end
subgraph "Constraints"
J1[Primary Key]
J2[Foreign Key]
J3[Unique]
J4[Not Null]
J5[Check]
J6[IN Operator]
end