gh-40142: Meson: test archlinux on CI and migrate devcontainer
    
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Add a CI test for Archlinux building sage with meson (similar to #40038
for Fedora). Moreover, the portability devcontainer is migrated to
meson.

Log: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/actions/runs/15158634096/job/42619
320072?pr=40142

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- [ ] The title is concise and informative.
- [ ] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [ ] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.

### ⌛ Dependencies

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- #40089
    
URL: #40142
Reported by: Tobias Diez
Reviewer(s):

Author: Release Manager

.devcontainer/portability-archlinux-latest-minimal/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+FROM archlinux
+RUN pacman -Syu --noconfirm bash git python

.devcontainer/portability-archlinux-latest-minimal/portability-Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// See https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json for format details.
+{
+    "name": "archlinux",
+    //"image": "archlinux",
+    "dockerFile": "Dockerfile",
+    "onCreateCommand": ".devcontainer/onCreate-meson.sh || true",
+    "features": {
+        // Git feature is not compatible with Arch Linux, so we install it manually in the Dockerfile 
+        // https://github.com/devcontainers/features/issues/824
+        //"ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/git": {},
+        //"ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/python:1": {},
+        "../uv": {
+			"version": "latest"
+		}
+    },
+    "customizations": {
+        "vscode": {
+            "extensions": [
+                "ms-python.python"
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+}

.devcontainer/portability-archlinux-latest-standard/devcontainer.json

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ jobs:
           - fedora:41
           - fedora:42
           - ghcr.io/void-linux/void-glibc-full
+          - archlinux
           #- ubuntu:22.04 - fails due to issue with cypari2
           #- ubuntu:24.04 - fails due to issue with cypari2
           - ubuntu:25.04
@@ -38,6 +39,11 @@ jobs:
             # node-based actions require libstdc++.so.6
             xbps-install -Sy libstdc++ bash git
           fi
+          if [ "${{ matrix.container }}" = "archlinux" ]; then
+            # The archlinux container is configured to not install docs by default
+            # but we need the maxima help to be in place
+            sed -i '/^NoExtract/d' /etc/pacman.conf
+          fi
 
       - name: Checkout code
         # cannot use v4 yet because of https://github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1487
@@ -51,7 +57,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         run: |
           uv python install
-          uv venv
+          if [ "${{ matrix.container }}" = "ghcr.io/void-linux/void-glibc-full" ] || [ "${{ matrix.container }}" = "archlinux" ]; then
+            uv venv --system-site-packages
+          else
+            uv venv
+          fi
           . .venv/bin/activate
           echo PATH=$PATH >> $GITHUB_ENV
 

.devcontainer/portability-archlinux-latest-standard/portability-Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+gmp-ecm

.devcontainer/portability-archlinux/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+mpfi

.devcontainer/portability-archlinux/devcontainer.json

@@ -157,6 +157,8 @@ mtx = cc.find_library(
 )
 png = dependency(['libpng', 'png', 'png16'], version: '>=1.2')
 zlib = dependency('zlib', version: '>=1.2.11')
+# We actually want >= 20231212, but the version number is not updated in the pkgconfig
+# https://github.com/conda-forge/eclib-feedstock/issues/48
 ec = dependency(
   'eclib',
   version: '>=20250122',