gh-40335: use python-style loops in pyx files in misc
    
instead of the old cython-style `for` loops

### 📝 Checklist

- [x] The title is concise and informative.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
    
URL: #40335
Reported by: Frédéric Chapoton
Reviewer(s): David Coudert

Author: Release Manager

src/sage/misc/c3.pyx

@@ -203,11 +203,11 @@ cpdef list C3_algorithm(object start, str bases, str attribute, bint proper):
     cdef list tail_list
 
     while nbheads:
-        for i from 0 <= i < nbheads:
+        for i in range(nbheads):
             O = heads[i]
             # Does O appear in none of the tails?  ``all(O not in tail for tail in tailsets)``
             next_item_found = True
-            for j from 0 <= j < nbheads:
+            for j in range(nbheads):
                 if j == i:
                     continue
                 if <size_t><void *>O in <set>tailsets[j]:
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ cpdef list C3_algorithm(object start, str bases, str attribute, bint proper):
                 # Clear O from other heads, removing the line altogether
                 # if the tail is already empty.
                 # j goes down so that ``del heads[j]`` does not screw up the numbering
-                for j from nbheads > j >= 0:
+                for j in range(nbheads - 1, -1, -1):
                     if heads[j] is O:
                         tail_list = tails[j]
                         if tail_list:

src/sage/misc/c3_controlled.pyx

@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ cpdef tuple C3_sorted_merge(list lists, key=identity):
                     break
             if cont:
                 continue
-            for j from i<j<nbheads:
+            for j in range(i + 1, nbheads):
                 if O_key in tailsets[j]:
                     cont = True
                     break

src/sage/misc/derivative.pyx

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ def derivative_parse(args):
                 raise ValueError("derivative counts must be nonnegative")
             if not got_var:
                 var = None
-            for i from 0 <= i < count:
+            for i in range(count):
                 output.append(var)
             got_var = 0
         else:

src/sage/misc/function_mangling.pyx

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ cdef class ArgumentFixer:
         cdef dict defaults = self._defaults
         cdef int i
         cdef dict kwargs_ = dict(kwargs)
-        for i from 0<=i<self._nargs:
+        for i in range(self._nargs):
             name = arg_names[i]
             if i >= lenargs:
                 if name in kwargs_:

src/sage/misc/misc_c.pyx

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ cdef balanced_list_prod(L, Py_ssize_t offset, Py_ssize_t count, Py_ssize_t cutof
     cdef Py_ssize_t k
     if count <= cutoff:
         prod = <object>PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(L, offset)
-        for k from offset < k < offset + count:
+        for k in range(offset + 1, offset + count):
             prod *= <object>PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(L, k)
         return prod
     else:
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ cpdef iterator_prod(L, z=None, bint multiply=True):
                 x = sub_prods[tip] * x
             else:
                 x = sub_prods[tip] + x
-            for j from 1 <= j < 64:
+            for j in range(1, 64):
                 if i & (1 << j):
                     break
                 tip -= 1

src/sage/misc/randstate.pyx

@@ -1036,9 +1036,8 @@ def benchmark_mt():
         sage: timeit('benchmark_mt()')    # random
         125 loops, best of 3: 2.11 ms per loop
     """
-    cdef int i
     cdef randstate rstate = _current_randstate
-    for i from 0 <= i < 100000:
+    for _ in range(100000):
         gmp_urandomb_ui(rstate.gmp_state, 32)