gh-37231: Use matroid-database package
    
Remove matroid database files (`ext_data/matroids`) and use newly
created `matroid-database` pypi package instead.

Links to `matroid-database`: [pypi](https://pypi.org/project/matroid-
database/), [github](https://github.com/gmou3/matroid-database)

Outdated:
> Compress (via `xz -e`) the matroid database files (~75MB to <1MB). The
files are now opened with `lzma.open()` and the file paths are located
through `sage.ext_data` and not relative to `SAGE_SRC` or
`SAGE_EXTCODE`. These changes attempt to address the issues raised by
@tornaria.
>
> Also, the addition of the matroid database files inside the folder
`ext_data` needs to be noted in the file `setup.cfg.m4`. This issue was
brought to my attention by @antonio-rojas.
>
> These follow the merging of #37140.
>
> I also took the initiative of reordering alphabetically the list of
paths inside `setup.cfg.m4` and of removing the line `ext_data/images/*`
which seemed redundant.

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### 📝 Checklist

- [x] The title is concise, informative, and self-explanatory.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [x] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
    
URL: #37231
Reported by: gmou3
Reviewer(s): gmou3, Gonzalo Tornaría, Matthias Köppe

Author: Release Manager

build/pkgs/matroid_database/SPKG.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+matroid_database: Python interface to matroid database
+======================================================
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+Python interface to matroid database.
+
+This database was retrieved from
+<https://www-imai.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~ymatsu/matroid/index.html>
+(Yoshitake Matsumoto, Database of Matroids, 2012; accessed: 2023.12.02).
+
+
+License
+-------
+
+GPL version 3 or later
+
+
+Upstream Contact
+----------------
+
+https://pypi.org/project/matroid-database
+
+https://github.com/gmou3/matroid-database

build/pkgs/matroid_database/checksums.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+tarball=matroid_database-VERSION-py3-none-any.whl
+sha1=5879d6ca685f27df69134f56c07af50f9a2e6622
+md5=e5d667282b7926a2fd268d14f9414214
+cksum=1875993705
+upstream_url=https://pypi.io/packages/py3/m/matroid_database/matroid_database-VERSION-py3-none-any.whl

build/pkgs/matroid_database/dependencies

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ | $(PYTHON_TOOLCHAIN) $(PYTHON)
+
+----------
+All lines of this file are ignored except the first.

build/pkgs/matroid_database/install-requires.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+matroid-database

build/pkgs/matroid_database/package-version.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0.2

build/pkgs/matroid_database/type

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+optional