gh-39921: cli: Add -V alias for --version
    
This is quite common in Python world:

```
$> python -V
Python 3.13.2
$> ipython -V
9.0.2
$> cython -V
Cython version 3.0.12
```
    
URL: #39921
Reported by: Antonio Rojas
Reviewer(s): Tobias Diez

Author: Release Manager

src/sage/cli/version_cmd.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ def extend_parser(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser):
         - the extended parser.
         """
         parser.add_argument(
+            "-V",
             "--version",
             action="version",
             version=version,