gh-35549: fixing some pycodestyle warnings E251
    
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### 📚 Description

This fixes some pycodestyle warnings about

E251 unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals

in some folders starting with letter `m-z` (not touching rings and
schemes)

This was purely done with autopep8.

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- [ ] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
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### ⌛ Dependencies

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URL: #35549
Reported by: Frédéric Chapoton
Reviewer(s): David Coudert

Author: Release Manager

src/sage/misc/test_nested_class.py

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def __init__(self):
             <sage.misc.test_nested_class.TestParent1_with_category object at ...>
         """
         from sage.categories.sets_cat import Sets
-        Parent.__init__(self, category = Sets())
+        Parent.__init__(self, category=Sets())
 
     class Element(ElementWrapper):
         pass
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ def __init__(self):
             TypeError: metaclass conflict: the metaclass of a derived class must be a (non-strict) subclass of the metaclasses of all its bases
         """
         from sage.categories.sets_cat import Sets
-        Parent.__init__(self, category = Sets())
+        Parent.__init__(self, category=Sets())
 
     class Element(ElementWrapper):
         pass
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def __init__(self):
             <sage.misc.test_nested_class.TestParent3_with_category object at ...>
         """
         from sage.categories.sets_cat import Sets
-        Parent.__init__(self, category = Sets())
+        Parent.__init__(self, category=Sets())
 
     class Element(ElementWrapper):
         pass

src/sage/modular/btquotients/pautomorphicform.py

@@ -1905,7 +1905,7 @@ def integrate(self, f, center=1, level=0, method='moments'):
         - Marc Masdeu (2012-02-20)
         """
         E = self.parent()._source._BT.get_balls(center, level)
-        R1 = LaurentSeriesRing(f.base_ring(), 'r1', default_prec = self.parent()._U.base_ring().precision_cap() + 1)
+        R1 = LaurentSeriesRing(f.base_ring(), 'r1', default_prec=self.parent()._U.base_ring().precision_cap() + 1)
         R2 = PolynomialRing(f.base_ring(), 'x')
         x = R2.gen()
         value = 0
@@ -2605,7 +2605,7 @@ def _make_invariant(self, F):
                 m = M[ii]
                 for v in Si:
                     s += 1
-                    g = self._Sigma0(m.adjugate() * self._source.embed_quaternion(v[0], prec=self._prec).adjugate() * m,check = False)
+                    g = self._Sigma0(m.adjugate() * self._source.embed_quaternion(v[0], prec=self._prec).adjugate() * m,check=False)
                     newFi += g * x
                 newF.append((QQ(1) / s) * newFi)
             else:

src/sage/modular/modform_hecketriangle/abstract_ring.py

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ def _an_element_(self):
 
         return self(self.Delta())
 
-    def default_prec(self, prec = None):
+    def default_prec(self, prec=None):
         r"""
         Set the default precision ``prec`` for the Fourier expansion.
         If ``prec=None`` (default) then the current default precision is returned instead.
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ def default_prec(self, prec = None):
         else:
             return self._prec
 
-    def disp_prec(self, prec = None):
+    def disp_prec(self, prec=None):
         r"""
         Set the maximal display precision to ``prec``.
         If ``prec="max"`` the precision is set to the default precision.
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ def rat_field(self):
 
         return self._rat_field
 
-    def get_d(self, fix_d = False, d_num_prec = None):
+    def get_d(self, fix_d=False, d_num_prec=None):
         r"""
         Return the parameter ``d`` of self either as a formal
         parameter or as a numerical approximation with the specified
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ def get_d(self, fix_d = False, d_num_prec = None):
 
         return d
 
-    def get_q(self, prec = None, fix_d = False, d_num_prec = None):
+    def get_q(self, prec=None, fix_d=False, d_num_prec=None):
         r"""
         Return the generator of the power series of the Fourier expansion of ``self``.
 
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ def get_q(self, prec = None, fix_d = False, d_num_prec = None):
             prec = self.default_prec()
 
         base_ring = d.parent()
-        return PowerSeriesRing(FractionField(base_ring), 'q', default_prec = prec).gen()
+        return PowerSeriesRing(FractionField(base_ring), 'q', default_prec=prec).gen()
 
     @cached_method
     def diff_alg(self):
@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ def homogeneous_part(self, k, ep):
             QuasiMeromorphicModularForms(n=7, k=2, ep=-1) over Integer Ring
         """
 
-        return self.reduce_type(degree = (k,ep))
+        return self.reduce_type(degree=(k,ep))
 
     @cached_method
     def J_inv(self):
@@ -1944,7 +1944,7 @@ def EisensteinSeries(self, k=None):
         ep = (-ZZ(1))**(k/2)
         extended_self = self.extend_type(["holo"], ring=True)
         # reduced_self is a classical ModularForms space
-        reduced_self = extended_self.reduce_type(["holo"], degree = (QQ(k), ep))
+        reduced_self = extended_self.reduce_type(["holo"], degree=(QQ(k), ep))
 
         if (n == infinity):
             l2 = ZZ(0)

src/sage/modular/modform_hecketriangle/abstract_space.py

@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ def F_simple(self, order_1=ZZ(0)):
 
         return new_space(rat)
 
-    def Faber_pol(self, m, order_1=ZZ(0), fix_d = False, d_num_prec = None):
+    def Faber_pol(self, m, order_1=ZZ(0), fix_d=False, d_num_prec=None):
         r"""
         Return the ``m``'th Faber polynomial of ``self``.
 
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ def Faber_pol(self, m, order_1=ZZ(0), fix_d = False, d_num_prec = None):
         return fab_pol.polynomial()
 
     # very similar to Faber_pol: faber_pol(q)=Faber_pol(d*q)
-    def faber_pol(self, m, order_1=ZZ(0), fix_d = False, d_num_prec = None):
+    def faber_pol(self, m, order_1=ZZ(0), fix_d=False, d_num_prec=None):
         r"""
         If ``n=infinity`` a non-trivial order of ``-1`` can be specified through the
         parameter ``order_1`` (default: 0). Otherwise it is ignored.
@@ -2042,7 +2042,7 @@ def construct_quasi_form(self, laurent_series, order_1=ZZ(0), check=True, ration
 
             el = self(sum([b[k]*basis[k] for k in range(0, len(basis))]))
         else:
-            A = self._quasi_form_matrix(min_exp = min_exp, order_1=order_1)
+            A = self._quasi_form_matrix(min_exp=min_exp, order_1=order_1)
             row_size = A.dimensions()[0]
 
             if (prec < min_exp + row_size):
@@ -2164,7 +2164,7 @@ def q_basis(self, m=None, min_exp=0, order_1=ZZ(0)):
                 if (m >= row_len + min_exp):
                     raise ValueError("Index out of range: m={} >= {}=required_precision + min_exp".format(m, row_len + min_exp))
 
-                A = self._quasi_form_matrix(min_exp = min_exp, order_1=order_1)
+                A = self._quasi_form_matrix(min_exp=min_exp, order_1=order_1)
                 b = vector(self.coeff_ring(), row_len)
                 b[m - min_exp] = 1
                 try:
@@ -2180,7 +2180,7 @@ def q_basis(self, m=None, min_exp=0, order_1=ZZ(0)):
 
                 return el
 
-    def rationalize_series(self, laurent_series, coeff_bound = 1e-10, denom_factor = ZZ(1)):
+    def rationalize_series(self, laurent_series, coeff_bound=1e-10, denom_factor=ZZ(1)):
         r"""
         Try to return a Laurent series with coefficients in ``self.coeff_ring()``
         that matches the given Laurent series.

src/sage/modular/modform_hecketriangle/graded_ring.py

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class QuasiMeromorphicModularFormsRing(FormsRing_abstract, CommutativeAlgebra, U
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, red_hom = False, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, red_hom=False, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class QuasiWeakModularFormsRing(FormsRing_abstract, CommutativeAlgebra, UniqueRe
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, red_hom = False, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, red_hom=False, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class QuasiModularFormsRing(FormsRing_abstract, CommutativeAlgebra, UniqueRepres
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, red_hom = False, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, red_hom=False, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class QuasiCuspFormsRing(FormsRing_abstract, CommutativeAlgebra, UniqueRepresent
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, red_hom = False, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, red_hom=False, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class MeromorphicModularFormsRing(FormsRing_abstract, CommutativeAlgebra, Unique
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, red_hom = False, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, red_hom=False, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ class WeakModularFormsRing(FormsRing_abstract, CommutativeAlgebra, UniqueReprese
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, red_hom = False, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, red_hom=False, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ class ModularFormsRing(FormsRing_abstract, CommutativeAlgebra, UniqueRepresentat
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, red_hom = False, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, red_hom=False, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ class CuspFormsRing(FormsRing_abstract, CommutativeAlgebra, UniqueRepresentation
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, red_hom = False, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, red_hom=False, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 

src/sage/modular/modform_hecketriangle/graded_ring_element.py

@@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@ def full_reduce(self):
 
     #precision is actually accuracy, maybe add "real precision" meaning number of rel. coef
     @cached_method
-    def _q_expansion_cached(self, prec, fix_d, subs_d, d_num_prec, fix_prec = False):
+    def _q_expansion_cached(self, prec, fix_d, subs_d, d_num_prec, fix_prec=False):
         """
         Returns the Fourier expansion of self (cached).
         Don't call this function, instead use :meth:`q_expansion`.
@@ -1590,7 +1590,7 @@ def _q_expansion_cached(self, prec, fix_d, subs_d, d_num_prec, fix_prec = False)
 
         return qexp
 
-    def q_expansion(self, prec = None, fix_d = False, d_num_prec = None, fix_prec = False):
+    def q_expansion(self, prec=None, fix_d=False, d_num_prec=None, fix_prec=False):
         """
         Returns the Fourier expansion of self.
 
@@ -1694,7 +1694,7 @@ def q_expansion(self, prec = None, fix_d = False, d_num_prec = None, fix_prec =
 
         return self._q_expansion_cached(prec, fix_d, subs_d, d_num_prec, fix_prec)
 
-    def q_expansion_fixed_d(self, prec = None, d_num_prec = None, fix_prec = False):
+    def q_expansion_fixed_d(self, prec=None, d_num_prec=None, fix_prec=False):
         """
         Returns the Fourier expansion of self.
         The numerical (or exact) value for ``d`` is substituted.
@@ -1756,7 +1756,7 @@ def q_expansion_fixed_d(self, prec = None, d_num_prec = None, fix_prec = False):
 
         return self.q_expansion(prec, True, d_num_prec, fix_prec)
 
-    def q_expansion_vector(self, min_exp = None, max_exp = None, prec = None, **kwargs):
+    def q_expansion_vector(self, min_exp=None, max_exp=None, prec=None, **kwargs):
         r"""
         Return (part of) the Laurent series expansion of ``self`` as a vector.
 
@@ -1827,7 +1827,7 @@ def q_expansion_vector(self, min_exp = None, max_exp = None, prec = None, **kwar
 
         return vector([qexp[m] for m in range(min_exp, max_exp +1)])
 
-    def evaluate(self, tau, prec = None, num_prec = None, check=False):
+    def evaluate(self, tau, prec=None, num_prec=None, check=False):
         r"""
         Try to return ``self`` evaluated at a point ``tau``
         in the upper half plane, where ``self`` is interpreted
@@ -2203,7 +2203,7 @@ def evaluate(self, tau, prec = None, num_prec = None, check=False):
                 f_rho = self.parent().graded_ring().f_rho()
                 return self._rat.subs(x=f_rho(tau), y=f_i(tau), z=E2(tau), d=dval)
 
-    def __call__(self, tau, prec = None, num_prec = None, check=False):
+    def __call__(self, tau, prec=None, num_prec=None, check=False):
         r"""
         Try to return ``self`` evaluated at a point ``tau``
         in the upper half plane, where ``self`` is interpreted

src/sage/modular/modform_hecketriangle/space.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class QuasiMeromorphicModularForms(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresenta
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class QuasiWeakModularForms(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresentation):
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class QuasiModularForms(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresentation):
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ class QuasiCuspForms(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresentation):
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ class MeromorphicModularForms(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresentation)
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ class WeakModularForms(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresentation):
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ class ModularForms(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresentation):
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ def coordinate_vector(self, v):
             (1, 1/(2*d), 15/(128*d^2))
         """
 
-        vec = v.q_expansion_vector(min_exp = 0, max_exp = self.degree() - 1)
+        vec = v.q_expansion_vector(min_exp=0, max_exp=self.degree() - 1)
         return self._module(vec)
 
 class CuspForms(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresentation):
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ class CuspForms(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresentation):
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.
 
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ def coordinate_vector(self, v):
             True
         """
 
-        vec = v.q_expansion_vector(min_exp = 1, max_exp = self.degree())
+        vec = v.q_expansion_vector(min_exp=1, max_exp=self.degree())
         return self._module(vec)
 
 class ZeroForm(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresentation):
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ class ZeroForm(FormsSpace_abstract, Module, UniqueRepresentation):
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __classcall__(cls, group = HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring = ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
+    def __classcall__(cls, group=HeckeTriangleGroup(3), base_ring=ZZ, k=QQ(0), ep=None, n=None):
         r"""
         Return a (cached) instance with canonical parameters.