gh-35019: add limit= argument to Integer.prime_divisors()

`Integer.factor()` has an optional `limit=` argument to restrict the
search to prime factors up to a certain size. This patch adds a similar
argument to the `.prime_divisors()` method.

URL: #35019
Reported by: Lorenz Panny
Reviewer(s): Edgar Costa, Lorenz Panny

Author: Release Manager

build/pkgs/configure/checksums.ini

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 tarball=configure-VERSION.tar.gz
-sha1=0897c667d1327d2a51ea3d3bd1d9e1a3f5ca2606
-md5=a1f271e5ffcf558d054028839296a072
-cksum=437557471
+sha1=b26cd9a17917ab6dd2f601e7448929fc9c09767d
+md5=4d0234e98408d5a3c6c8b6d5075cc53d
+cksum=550848071

build/pkgs/configure/package-version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-08185d786047228caff879eba88a1f8148a49020
+0ce2ea5d3d899264aef63cea22b27b209b60bec8

src/sage/rings/integer.pyx

@@ -2951,13 +2951,21 @@ cdef class Integer(sage.structure.element.EuclideanDomainElement):
 
         return n
 
-    def prime_divisors(self):
+    def prime_divisors(self, *args, **kwds):
         """
         Return the prime divisors of this integer, sorted in increasing order.
 
         If this integer is negative, we do *not* include -1 among
         its prime divisors, since -1 is not a prime number.
 
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``limit`` -- (integer, optional keyword argument)
+          Return only prime divisors up to this bound, and the factorization
+          is done by checking primes up to ``limit`` using trial division.
+
+        Any additional arguments are passed on to the :meth:`factor` method.
+
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: a = 1; a.prime_divisors()
@@ -2968,8 +2976,23 @@ cdef class Integer(sage.structure.element.EuclideanDomainElement):
             [2, 5]
             sage: a = 2004; a.prime_divisors()
             [2, 3, 167]
+
+        Setting the optional ``limit`` argument works as expected::
+
+            sage: a = 10^100 + 1
+            sage: a.prime_divisors()
+            [73, 137, 401, 1201, 1601, 1676321, 5964848081,
+             129694419029057750551385771184564274499075700947656757821537291527196801]
+            sage: a.prime_divisors(limit=10^3)
+            [73, 137, 401]
+            sage: a.prime_divisors(limit=10^7)
+            [73, 137, 401, 1201, 1601, 1676321]
         """
-        return [r[0] for r in self.factor()]
+        res = [r[0] for r in self.factor(*args, **kwds)]
+        limit = kwds.get('limit')
+        if limit is not None:
+            res = [r for r in res if r <= limit]
+        return res
 
     prime_factors = prime_divisors