Enable -shared via a new FAKE_DYLIBS setting. NFC

This this change the default behaviour does not change since
`FAKE_DYLIBS` defaults to false.

However for users who want to try out a more traditional shared library
workflow `-sFAKE_DYLIBS=0` can be used enable shared library output with
`-shared`.

At some point in the future we can consider making this the default.

Split out from emscripten-core#25817

Author: sbc100

ChangeLog.md

@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ See docs/process.md for more on how version tagging works.
   variables to the generated program, when running under Node. This setting is
   enabled by default when `-sNODERAWFS` is used but can also be controlled
   separately. (#18820)
+- A new `-sFAKE_DYLIBS` setting was added.  When enabled you get the current
+  emscripten behavior of the `-shared` flag, which is to produce regular object
+  files instead of actual shared shared libraries (side modules).  Because this
+  setting is enabled by default this doesn't change the default behavior of the
+  compiler. If you want to experiment with real shared libraries you can
+  explicitly disable this setting. (#25826)
 
 4.0.20 - 11/18/25
 -----------------

site/source/docs/tools_reference/settings_reference.rst

@@ -3424,6 +3424,19 @@ indirectly using `importScripts`
 
 Default value: false
 
+.. _fake_dylibs:
+
+FAKE_DYLIBS
+===========
+
+This setting changes the behaviour of the ``-shared`` flag.  The default
+setting of ``true`` means the ``-shared`` flag actually produces a normal
+object file (i.e. ``ld -r``).  Setting this to false will cause ``-shared``
+to behave like :ref:`SIDE_MODULE` and produce and dynamically linked
+library.
+
+Default value: true
+
 .. _deprecated-settings:
 
 ===================

src/settings.js

@@ -2240,3 +2240,10 @@ var WASM_JS_TYPES = false;
 // CROSS_ORIGIN uses an inline worker to instead load the worker script
 // indirectly using `importScripts`
 var CROSS_ORIGIN = false;
+
+// This setting changes the behaviour of the ``-shared`` flag.  The default
+// setting of ``true`` means the ``-shared`` flag actually produces a normal
+// object file (i.e. ``ld -r``).  Setting this to false will cause ``-shared``
+// to behave like :ref:`SIDE_MODULE` and produce and dynamically linked
+// library.
+var FAKE_DYLIBS = true;

test/test_core.py

@@ -4033,19 +4033,35 @@ def dylink_testf(self, main, side=None, expected=None, force_c=False, main_cflag
     old_settings = dict(self.settings_mods)
     self.clear_setting('MODULARIZE')
     self.clear_setting('MAIN_MODULE')
-    self.set_setting('SIDE_MODULE')
+    self.clear_setting('SIDE_MODULE')
     so_file = os.path.join(so_dir, so_name)
+
+    # Using -shared + -sFAKE_DYLIBS should be the same as `-sSIDE_MODULE`
+    flags = ['-sSIDE_MODULE']
     if isinstance(side, list):
       # side is just a library
-      self.run_process([EMCC] + side + self.get_cflags() + ['-o', so_file])
+      self.run_process([EMCC] + side + self.get_cflags() + flags + ['-o', so_file])
     else:
-      out_file = self.build(side, output_suffix='.so')
+      out_file = self.build(side, output_suffix='.so', cflags=flags)
       shutil.move(out_file, so_file)
 
+    shutil.move(so_file, so_file + '.orig')
+
+    # Verify that building with -sSIDE_MODULE is essentailly the same as building with `-shared -fPIC -sFAKE_DYLIBS=0`.
+    flags = ['-shared', '-fPIC', '-sFAKE_DYLIBS=0']
+    if isinstance(side, list):
+      # side is just a library
+      self.run_process([EMCC] + side + self.get_cflags() + flags + ['-o', so_file])
+    else:
+      out_file = self.build(side, output_suffix='.so', cflags=flags)
+      shutil.move(out_file, so_file)
+
+    self.assertEqual(read_binary(so_file), read_binary(so_file + '.orig'))
+    os.remove(so_file + '.orig')
+
     # main settings
     self.settings_mods = old_settings
     self.set_setting('MAIN_MODULE', main_module)
-    self.clear_setting('SIDE_MODULE')
     self.cflags += main_cflags
     self.cflags.append(so_file)
 

test/test_other.py

@@ -11919,14 +11919,21 @@ def test_euidaccess(self):
     self.do_other_test('test_euidaccess.c')
 
   def test_shared_flag(self):
-    self.run_process([EMCC, '-shared', test_file('hello_world.c'), '-o', 'libother.so'])
+    create_file('side.c', 'int foo;')
+    self.run_process([EMCC, '-shared', 'side.c', '-o', 'libother.so'])
 
     # Test that `-shared` flag causes object file generation but gives a warning
     err = self.run_process([EMCC, '-shared', test_file('hello_world.c'), '-o', 'out.foo', 'libother.so'], stderr=PIPE).stderr
     self.assertContained('linking a library with `-shared` will emit a static object', err)
     self.assertContained('emcc: warning: ignoring dynamic library libother.so when generating an object file, this will need to be included explicitly in the final link', err)
     self.assertIsObjectFile('out.foo')
 
+    # Test that adding `-sFAKE_DYIBS=0` build a real side module
+    err = self.run_process([EMCC, '-shared', '-fPIC', '-sFAKE_DYLIBS=0', test_file('hello_world.c'), '-o', 'out.foo', 'libother.so'], stderr=PIPE).stderr
+    self.assertNotContained('linking a library with `-shared` will emit a static object', err)
+    self.assertNotContained('emcc: warning: ignoring dynamic library libother.so when generating an object file, this will need to be included explicitly in the final link', err)
+    self.assertIsWasmDylib('out.foo')
+
     # Test that using an executable output name overrides the `-shared` flag, but produces a warning.
     err = self.run_process([EMCC, '-shared', test_file('hello_world.c'), '-o', 'out.js'],
                            stderr=PIPE).stderr

tools/cmdline.py

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ class EmccOptions:
   dash_M = False
   dash_S = False
   dash_c = False
+  dylibs: List[str] = []
   embed_files: List[str] = []
   emit_symbol_map = False
   emit_tsd = ''

tools/link.py

@@ -829,6 +829,22 @@ def setup_sanitizers(options):
     settings.LOAD_SOURCE_MAP = 1
 
 
+def get_dylibs(options, linker_args):
+  """Find all the Wasm dynanamic libraries specified on the command line,
+  either via `-lfoo` or via `libfoo.so` directly."""
+
+  dylibs = []
+  for arg in linker_args:
+    if arg.startswith('-l'):
+      for ext in DYLIB_EXTENSIONS:
+        path = find_library('lib' + arg[2:] + ext, options.lib_dirs)
+        if path and building.is_wasm_dylib(path):
+          dylibs.append(path)
+    elif building.is_wasm_dylib(arg):
+      dylibs.append(arg)
+  return dylibs
+
+
 @ToolchainProfiler.profile_block('linker_setup')
 def phase_linker_setup(options, linker_args):  # noqa: C901, PLR0912, PLR0915
   """Future modifications should consider refactoring to reduce complexity.
@@ -843,6 +859,21 @@ def phase_linker_setup(options, linker_args):  # noqa: C901, PLR0912, PLR0915
   setup_environment_settings()
 
   apply_library_settings(linker_args)
+
+  if settings.SIDE_MODULE or settings.MAIN_MODULE:
+    default_setting('FAKE_DYLIBS', 0)
+
+  if options.shared and not settings.FAKE_DYLIBS:
+    default_setting('SIDE_MODULE', 1)
+    default_setting('RELOCATABLE', 1)
+
+  if not settings.FAKE_DYLIBS:
+    options.dylibs = get_dylibs(options, linker_args)
+    # If there are any dynamically linked libraries on the command line then
+    # need to enable `MAIN_MODULE` in order to produce JS code that can load them.
+    if not settings.MAIN_MODULE and not settings.SIDE_MODULE and options.dylibs:
+      default_setting('MAIN_MODULE', 2)
+
   linker_args += calc_extra_ldflags(options)
 
   # We used to do this check during on startup during `check_sanity`, but
@@ -936,16 +967,14 @@ def phase_linker_setup(options, linker_args):  # noqa: C901, PLR0912, PLR0915
 
   # If no output format was specified we try to deduce the format based on
   # the output filename extension
-  if not options.oformat and (options.relocatable or (options.shared and not settings.SIDE_MODULE)):
-    # Until we have a better story for actually producing runtime shared libraries
-    # we support a compatibility mode where shared libraries are actually just
-    # object files linked with `wasm-ld --relocatable` or `llvm-link` in the case
-    # of LTO.
+  if not options.oformat and (options.relocatable or (options.shared and settings.FAKE_DYLIBS and not settings.SIDE_MODULE)):
+    # With FAKE_DYLIBS we generate an normal object file rather than an shared object.
+    # This is linked with `wasm-ld --relocatable` or (`llvm-link` in the case of LTO).
     if final_suffix in EXECUTABLE_EXTENSIONS:
       diagnostics.warning('emcc', '-shared/-r used with executable output suffix. This behaviour is deprecated.  Please remove -shared/-r to build an executable or avoid the executable suffix (%s) when building object files.' % final_suffix)
     else:
-      if options.shared:
-        diagnostics.warning('emcc', 'linking a library with `-shared` will emit a static object file.  This is a form of emulation to support existing build systems.  If you want to build a runtime shared library use the SIDE_MODULE setting.')
+      if options.shared and 'FAKE_DYLIBS' not in user_settings:
+        diagnostics.warning('emcc', 'linking a library with `-shared` will emit a static object file (FAKE_DYLIBS defaults to true).  If you want to build a runtime shared library use the SIDE_MODULE or FAKE_DYLIBS=0.')
       options.oformat = OFormat.OBJECT
 
   if not options.oformat:
@@ -2730,10 +2759,10 @@ def map_to_js_libs(library_name):
 
 
 def process_libraries(options, flags):
+  """Process `-l` and `--js-library` flags."""
   new_flags = []
   system_libs_map = system_libs.Library.get_usable_variations()
 
-  # Process `-l` and `--js-library` flags
   for flag in flags:
     if flag.startswith('--js-library='):
       js_lib = flag.split('=', 1)[1]
@@ -2854,7 +2883,7 @@ def replacement(self):
 
 
 def filter_out_fake_dynamic_libs(options, inputs):
-  # Filters out "fake" dynamic libraries that are really just intermediate object files.
+  """Filter out "fake" dynamic libraries that are really just intermediate object files."""
   def is_fake_dylib(input_file):
     if get_file_suffix(input_file) in DYLIB_EXTENSIONS and os.path.exists(input_file) and not building.is_wasm_dylib(input_file):
       if not options.ignore_dynamic_linking:
@@ -2866,11 +2895,13 @@ def is_fake_dylib(input_file):
   return [f for f in inputs if not is_fake_dylib(f)]
 
 
-def filter_out_duplicate_dynamic_libs(inputs):
+def filter_out_duplicate_fake_dynamic_libs(inputs):
+  """Filter out duplicate "fake" shared libraries (intermediate object files).
+
+  See test_core.py:test_redundant_link
+  """
   seen = set()
 
-  # Filter out duplicate "fake" shared libraries (intermediate object files).
-  # See test_core.py:test_redundant_link
   def check(input_file):
     if get_file_suffix(input_file) in DYLIB_EXTENSIONS and not building.is_wasm_dylib(input_file):
       abspath = os.path.abspath(input_file)
@@ -3086,11 +3117,10 @@ def phase_calculate_linker_inputs(options, linker_args):
   if options.oformat == OFormat.OBJECT or options.ignore_dynamic_linking:
     linker_args = filter_out_fake_dynamic_libs(options, linker_args)
   else:
-    linker_args = filter_out_duplicate_dynamic_libs(linker_args)
+    linker_args = filter_out_duplicate_fake_dynamic_libs(linker_args)
 
   if settings.MAIN_MODULE:
-    dylibs = [a for a in linker_args if building.is_wasm_dylib(a)]
-    process_dynamic_libs(dylibs, options.lib_dirs)
+    process_dynamic_libs(options.dylibs, options.lib_dirs)
 
   return linker_args