Optimize many delegated methods on ActiveSupport::Duration

Fix: rails#50136

Using delegate saves on the `method_missing + public_send` combo.

I chose to delegate to all the methods I saw called in Rails own test
suite, but there is likely a handful more candidates for explicit delegation.

But also this rely on a new (private) parameter in `Module#delegate` to
provide the expected delegated type and use that to define delegators
with the extact required signature. This saves on array and hash allocations
caused by splatting.

In some ways it's a continuation of rails#46875

Note that I didn't make the new `as:` parameter public, as I fear it's
a bit too brittle to be used. For the same reason I'm considering reverting
the optimized path behavior on `to: :class` and requiring to explictly pass
`as: self` for that optimized path.

Co-Authored-By: Alexandre Terrasa <[email protected]>

Author: byroot

activesupport/lib/active_support/duration.rb

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
   class Duration
     class Scalar < Numeric # :nodoc:
       attr_reader :value
-      delegate :to_i, :to_f, :to_s, to: :value
+      delegate :to_i, :to_f, :to_s, to: :@value
 
       def initialize(value)
         @value = value
@@ -221,6 +221,8 @@ def calculate_total_seconds(parts)
         end
     end
 
+    delegate :to_f, :positive?, :negative?, :zero?, :abs, to: :@value, as: Integer
+
     def initialize(value, parts, variable = nil) # :nodoc:
       @value, @parts = value, parts
       @parts.reject! { |k, v| v.zero? } unless value == 0