add dynamodb persistence

.npmrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+registry=https://registry.npmjs.org/

api/.env-dev

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 MACHINE_ID=1
-PORT = 3000
+PORT=3000
 # Perhpas we should only use a domain name here instead of a full URL (with the port as it is error prone)
-SHORTENED_BASE_URL = http://localhost:3000
-# redis | memory
-CACHE_PERSISTENCE= memory
-REDIS_URL = redis://localhost:6379
+SHORTENED_BASE_URL=http://localhost:3000
+# You can set this property to false for rapid testing. It will use in-memory storage rather than pulling Redis and DynamoDB
+USE_PERSISTENT_STORAGE=false
+REDIS_URL=redis://localhost:6379
 # 10 minutes
-REDIS_TTL = 600
+REDIS_TTL=600
+AWS_REGION=us-east-1
+DYNAMO_TABLE=shortUrls
+# for local development only
+DYNAMO_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:8000
+AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=dummy
+AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=dummy

api/.npmrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+registry=https://registry.npmjs.org/

api/package.json

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@
     "test:e2e": "jest --config ./test/jest-e2e.json"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb": "3.775.0",
+    "@aws-sdk/credential-providers": "3.775.0",
+    "@aws-sdk/lib-dynamodb": "3.775.0",
     "@nestjs/common": "10.0.0",
     "@nestjs/config": "4.0.0",
     "@nestjs/core": "10.0.0",

api/src/infrastructure/infrastructure.module.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
 import { Module, DynamicModule } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { ConfigModule, ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { ConfigModule } from '@nestjs/config';
 import { ShortenUrlRepository } from '../shorten-url/shorten-url.repository';
-import { RepositoryProvider } from './repository/repository.provider';
+import { ShortenUrlRepositoryFactory } from './repository/shorten-url/shorten-url-repository.factory';
+import { DynamoDBClient } from '@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb';
+import { DynamoClientProvider } from './provider/dynamodb-client.provider';
+import { RedisClientProvider } from './provider/redis-client.provider';
 
 @Module({
-  imports: [ConfigModule], // ✅ Ensure ConfigModule is loaded
+  imports: [ConfigModule],
 })
 export class InfrastructureModule {
   static register(): DynamicModule {
     return {
       module: InfrastructureModule,
-      providers: [RepositoryProvider],
-      exports: [ShortenUrlRepository], // ✅ Export repository so other modules can use it
+      providers: [
+        RedisClientProvider,
+        DynamoClientProvider,
+        ShortenUrlRepositoryFactory,
+      ],
+      exports: [RedisClientProvider, DynamoDBClient, ShortenUrlRepository],
     };
   }
 }

api/src/infrastructure/provider/dynamodb-client.provider.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// infrastructure/providers/dynamodb-client.provider.ts
+import { Logger, Provider } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { DynamoDBClient } from '@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb';
+import { fromEnv } from '@aws-sdk/credential-providers';
+
+export const DynamoClientProvider: Provider = {
+  provide: DynamoDBClient,
+  useFactory: (configService: ConfigService): DynamoDBClient => {
+    const usePersistent = configService.get<string>(
+      'USE_PERSISTENT_STORAGE',
+      'false',
+    );
+
+    if (usePersistent === 'false') {
+      Logger.log('Skipping DynamoDB client creation (non-persistent mode)');
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return new DynamoDBClient({
+      region: configService.get('AWS_REGION', 'local'),
+      endpoint: configService.get('DYNAMO_ENDPOINT', 'http://localhost:8000'),
+      credentials: fromEnv({}),
+    });
+  },
+  inject: [ConfigService],
+};

api/src/infrastructure/provider/redis-client.provider.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import {
+  Injectable,
+  Logger,
+  OnModuleInit,
+  OnModuleDestroy,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { createClient, RedisClientType } from 'redis';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class RedisClientProvider implements OnModuleInit, OnModuleDestroy {
+  private client: RedisClientType | null = null;
+
+  constructor(private readonly configService: ConfigService) {}
+
+  async get(key: string): Promise<string | null> {
+    return this.client.get(key);
+  }
+
+  async set(key: string, value: string, ttlInSeconds: number): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.set(key, value, { EX: ttlInSeconds });
+  }
+
+  async onModuleInit() {
+    const usePersistent = this.configService.get<string>(
+      'USE_PERSISTENT_STORAGE',
+      'false',
+    );
+
+    if (usePersistent === 'false') {
+      Logger.log('🧪 Skipping Redis connection (non-persistent mode)');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const redisUrl = this.configService.get<string>('REDIS_URL');
+    this.client = createClient({ url: redisUrl });
+
+    this.client.on('error', (err) =>
+      Logger.error('Redis client error', err, 'REDIS_CLIENT'),
+    );
+
+    await this.client.connect();
+    Logger.log('Connected to Redis');
+  }
+
+  async onModuleDestroy() {
+    if (this.client) {
+      await this.client.quit();
+      Logger.log('Redis connection closed');
+    }
+  }
+}

api/src/infrastructure/repository/in-memory-url.repository.ts → api/src/infrastructure/repository/shorten-url/in-memory-url-storage.repository.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import { ShortenUrlRepository } from '../../shorten-url/shorten-url.repository';
+import { ShortenUrlRepository } from '../../../shorten-url/shorten-url.repository';
 import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
 
 @Injectable()
-export class InMemoryUrlRepository implements ShortenUrlRepository {
+export class InMemoryUrlStorageRepository implements ShortenUrlRepository {
   private urls: Map<string, string> = new Map();
 
   create(url: string, encodedUrl: string): Promise<void> {

api/src/infrastructure/repository/shorten-url/persistent-url-storage.repository.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import { ShortenUrlRepository } from '../../../shorten-url/shorten-url.repository';
+import { Inject, Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import {
+  DynamoDBClient,
+  PutItemCommand,
+  GetItemCommand,
+} from '@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb';
+import { unmarshall } from '@aws-sdk/util-dynamodb';
+import { RedisClientProvider } from '../../provider/redis-client.provider';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class PersistentUrlStorageRepository implements ShortenUrlRepository {
+  private readonly DEFAULT_TTL = 100;
+  private readonly redisTTL: number;
+  private readonly tableName: string;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly configService: ConfigService,
+    private readonly redisClient: RedisClientProvider | null,
+    @Inject(DynamoDBClient)
+    private readonly dynamoDbClient: DynamoDBClient | null,
+  ) {
+    this.redisTTL = this.configService.get<number>(
+      'REDIS_TTL',
+      this.DEFAULT_TTL,
+    );
+    this.tableName = configService.get('DYNAMO_TABLE', 'shortUrls');
+  }
+
+  async create(originalUrl: string, shortId: string): Promise<void> {
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+
+    // Write to DynamoDB
+    await this.dynamoDbClient.send(
+      new PutItemCommand({
+        TableName: this.tableName,
+        Item: {
+          shortId: { S: shortId },
+          originalUrl: { S: originalUrl },
+          createdAt: { S: now },
+        },
+      }),
+    );
+
+    // Cache in Redis
+    await this.redisClient.set(`short:${shortId}`, originalUrl, this.redisTTL);
+  }
+
+  async findOriginalURL(shortId: string): Promise<string | null> {
+    // Try cache first
+    const cached = await this.redisClient.get(`short:${shortId}`);
+    if (cached) {
+      Logger.debug(`Cache hit for ${shortId}`);
+      return cached;
+    }
+
+    Logger.debug(`Cache miss for ${shortId}. Fetching from DynamoDB...`);
+
+    // Fall back to DynamoDB
+    const result = await this.dynamoDbClient.send(
+      new GetItemCommand({
+        TableName: this.tableName,
+        Key: { shortId: { S: shortId } },
+      }),
+    );
+
+    if (!result.Item) return null;
+
+    const item = unmarshall(result.Item);
+    const originalUrl = item.originalUrl;
+
+    // Cache for future
+    await this.redisClient.set(`short:${shortId}`, originalUrl, this.redisTTL);
+
+    return originalUrl;
+  }
+}

api/src/infrastructure/repository/shorten-url/shorten-url-repository.factory.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { Provider } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InMemoryUrlStorageRepository } from './in-memory-url-storage.repository';
+import { ShortenUrlRepository } from '../../../shorten-url/shorten-url.repository';
+import { PersistentUrlStorageRepository } from './persistent-url-storage.repository';
+import { DynamoDBClient } from '@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb';
+import { RedisClientProvider } from '../../provider/redis-client.provider';
+
+/**
+ * Factory provider to select the appropriate repository implementation based on configuration.
+ */
+export const ShortenUrlRepositoryFactory: Provider = {
+  // TODO: Use a constant for the key
+  provide: ShortenUrlRepository,
+  useFactory: (
+    configService: ConfigService,
+    redisClientService: RedisClientProvider | null,
+    dynamoDbClient: DynamoDBClient | null,
+  ) => {
+    const usePersistenceStorage = configService.get<string>(
+      'USE_PERSISTENT_STORAGE',
+      'true',
+    );
+
+    if (usePersistenceStorage === 'true') {
+      return new PersistentUrlStorageRepository(
+        configService,
+        redisClientService,
+        dynamoDbClient,
+      );
+    }
+
+    return new InMemoryUrlStorageRepository();
+  },
+  inject: [ConfigService, RedisClientProvider, DynamoDBClient],
+};