main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h> // strlen

// emscripten
#include "emscripten.h"
#include "emscripten/html5.h"
#include "webgpu/webgpu.h"

//--------------------------------------------------
// defines
//--------------------------------------------------
#define SHADER_SOURCE(...) #__VA_ARGS__

//--------------------------------------------------
// structs
//--------------------------------------------------

// global state
typedef struct state_t {
    // canvas
    struct {
        const char* name;
        int width, height;
    } canvas;

    // wgpu
    struct {
        WGPUInstance instance;
        WGPUDevice device;
        WGPUQueue queue;
        WGPUSurface surface;
        WGPURenderPipeline pipeline;
    } wgpu;

    // resources
    struct {
        WGPUBuffer vbuffer, ibuffer, ubuffer;
        WGPUBindGroup bindgroup;
    } res;

    // vars
    struct {
        float rot;
    } var;
} state_t;

// state
static state_t state;

//--------------------------------------------------
// callbacks and functions
//--------------------------------------------------

// callbacks
static int  resize(int, const EmscriptenUiEvent*, void*);
static void frame();

// helper functions
static void             create_surface();
static WGPUShaderModule create_shader(const char* code, const char* label);
static WGPUBuffer       create_buffer(const void* data, size_t size, WGPUBufferUsage usage);
static WGPUStringView   make_stringview(const char* str);

//--------------------------------------------------
// vertex and fragment shaders
//--------------------------------------------------

// triangle shader
static const char* wgsl_triangle = SHADER_SOURCE(
    // attribute/uniform decls

    struct VertexIn {
        @location(0) aPos : vec2<f32>,
        @location(1) aCol : vec3<f32>,
    };
    struct VertexOut {
        @location(0) vCol : vec3<f32>,
        @builtin(position) Position : vec4<f32>,
    };
    struct Rotation {
        @location(0) degs : f32,
    };
    @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uRot : Rotation;

    // vertex shader

    @vertex
    fn vs_main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
        var rads : f32 = radians(uRot.degs);
        var cosA : f32 = cos(rads);
        var sinA : f32 = sin(rads);
        var rot : mat3x3<f32> = mat3x3<f32>(
            vec3<f32>( cosA, sinA, 0.0),
            vec3<f32>(-sinA, cosA, 0.0),
            vec3<f32>( 0.0,  0.0,  1.0));
        var output : VertexOut;
        output.Position = vec4<f32>(rot * vec3<f32>(input.aPos, 1.0), 1.0);
        output.vCol = input.aCol;
        return output;
    }

    // fragment shader

    @fragment
    fn fs_main(@location(0) vCol : vec3<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
        return vec4<f32>(vCol, 1.0);
    }
);


//--------------------------------------------------
//
// main
//
//--------------------------------------------------

int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
    (void)argc, (void)argv; // unused

    //-----------------
    // init
    //-----------------
    state.canvas.name = "canvas";
    state.wgpu.instance = wgpuCreateInstance(NULL);
    state.wgpu.device = emscripten_webgpu_get_device();
    state.wgpu.queue = wgpuDeviceGetQueue(state.wgpu.device);

    resize(0, NULL, NULL); // set size and create surface
    emscripten_set_resize_callback(EMSCRIPTEN_EVENT_TARGET_WINDOW, 0, false, (em_ui_callback_func)resize);

    //-----------------
    // setup pipeline
    //-----------------

    // compile shaders
    WGPUShaderModule shader_triangle = create_shader(wgsl_triangle, NULL);

    // describe buffer layouts
    WGPUVertexAttribute vertex_attributes[2] = {
        // position: x, y
        [0] = {
            .format = WGPUVertexFormat_Float32x2,
            .offset = 0,
            .shaderLocation = 0,
        },
        // color: r, g, b
        [1] = {
            .format = WGPUVertexFormat_Float32x3,
            .offset = 2 * sizeof(float),
            .shaderLocation = 1,
        }
    };
    WGPUVertexBufferLayout vertex_buffer_layout = {
        .arrayStride = 5 * sizeof(float),
        .attributeCount = 2,
        .attributes = vertex_attributes,
    };

    // describe pipeline layout
    WGPUBindGroupLayout bindgroup_layout = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout(state.wgpu.device, &(WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor){
        .entryCount = 1,
        // bind group layout entry
        .entries = &(WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry){
            .binding = 0,
            .visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Vertex,
            // buffer binding layout
            .buffer = {
                .type = WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform,
            }
        },
    });
    WGPUPipelineLayout pipeline_layout = wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout(state.wgpu.device, &(WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor){
        .bindGroupLayoutCount = 1,
        .bindGroupLayouts = &bindgroup_layout,
    });
    
    // create pipeline
    state.wgpu.pipeline = wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline(state.wgpu.device, &(WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor){
        // pipeline layout
        .layout = pipeline_layout,
        // vertex state
        .vertex = {
            .module = shader_triangle,
            .entryPoint = make_stringview("vs_main"),
            .bufferCount = 1,
            .buffers = &vertex_buffer_layout,
        },
        // primitive state
        .primitive = {
            .frontFace = WGPUFrontFace_CCW,
            .cullMode = WGPUCullMode_None,
            .topology = WGPUPrimitiveTopology_TriangleList,
            .stripIndexFormat = WGPUIndexFormat_Undefined,
        },
        // fragment state
        .fragment = &(WGPUFragmentState){
            .module = shader_triangle,
            .entryPoint = make_stringview("fs_main"),
            .targetCount = 1,
            // color target state
            .targets = &(WGPUColorTargetState){
                .format = WGPUTextureFormat_BGRA8Unorm,
                .writeMask = WGPUColorWriteMask_All,
                // blend state
                .blend = &(WGPUBlendState){
                    .color = {
                        .operation = WGPUBlendOperation_Add,
                        .srcFactor = WGPUBlendFactor_One,
                        .dstFactor = WGPUBlendFactor_One,
                    },
                    .alpha = {
                        .operation = WGPUBlendOperation_Add,
                        .srcFactor = WGPUBlendFactor_One,
                        .dstFactor = WGPUBlendFactor_One,
                    },
                },
            },
        },
        // multi-sampling state
        .multisample = {
            .count = 1,
            .mask = 0xFFFFFFFF,
            .alphaToCoverageEnabled = false,
        },
        // depth-stencil state
        .depthStencil = NULL,
        
    });

    wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(bindgroup_layout);
    wgpuPipelineLayoutRelease(pipeline_layout);
    wgpuShaderModuleRelease(shader_triangle);

    //-----------------
    // setup
    //-----------------

    // create the vertex buffer (x, y, r, g, b) and index buffer
    float const vertex_data[] = {
        // x, y          // r, g, b
       -0.5f, -0.5f,     1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
        0.5f, -0.5f,     0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
        0.5f,  0.5f,     0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
       -0.5f,  0.5f,     1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
    };
    uint16_t index_data[] = {
        0, 1, 2,
        0, 2, 3,
    };
    state.res.vbuffer = create_buffer(vertex_data, sizeof(vertex_data), WGPUBufferUsage_Vertex);
    state.res.ibuffer = create_buffer(index_data, sizeof(index_data), WGPUBufferUsage_Index);
    
    // create the uniform bind group
    state.res.ubuffer = create_buffer(&state.var.rot, sizeof(state.var.rot), WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform);
    state.res.bindgroup = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(state.wgpu.device, &(WGPUBindGroupDescriptor){
        .layout = wgpuRenderPipelineGetBindGroupLayout(state.wgpu.pipeline, 0),
        .entryCount = 1,
        // bind group entry
        .entries = &(WGPUBindGroupEntry){
            .binding = 0,
            .offset = 0,
            .buffer = state.res.ubuffer,
            .size = sizeof(state.var.rot),
        },
    });

    //-----------------
    // main loop
    //-----------------

    emscripten_set_main_loop(frame, 0, 1);

    //-----------------
    // quit
    //-----------------

    wgpuRenderPipelineRelease(state.wgpu.pipeline);
    wgpuSurfaceRelease(state.wgpu.surface);
    wgpuQueueRelease(state.wgpu.queue);
    wgpuDeviceRelease(state.wgpu.device);
    wgpuInstanceRelease(state.wgpu.instance);

    return 0;
}

// frame callback
void frame() {
    // update rotation
    state.var.rot += 0.1f;
    state.var.rot = state.var.rot >= 360.f ? 0.0f : state.var.rot;
    wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(state.wgpu.queue, state.res.ubuffer, 0, &state.var.rot, sizeof(state.var.rot));

    // create surface texture view
    WGPUSurfaceTexture surface_texture;
    wgpuSurfaceGetCurrentTexture(state.wgpu.surface, &surface_texture);
    WGPUTextureView back_buffer = wgpuTextureCreateView(surface_texture.texture, NULL);

    // create command encoder
    WGPUCommandEncoder cmd_encoder = wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(state.wgpu.device, NULL);

    // begin render pass
    WGPURenderPassEncoder render_pass = wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass(cmd_encoder, &(WGPURenderPassDescriptor){
        // color attachments
        .colorAttachmentCount = 1,
        .colorAttachments = &(WGPURenderPassColorAttachment){
            .view = back_buffer,
            .loadOp = WGPULoadOp_Clear,
            .storeOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store,
            .clearValue = (WGPUColor){ 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.3f, 1.0f },
            .depthSlice = WGPU_DEPTH_SLICE_UNDEFINED
        },
    });

    // draw quad (comment these five lines to simply clear the screen)
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(render_pass, state.wgpu.pipeline);
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(render_pass, 0, state.res.bindgroup, 0, 0);
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetVertexBuffer(render_pass, 0, state.res.vbuffer, 0, WGPU_WHOLE_SIZE);
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetIndexBuffer(render_pass, state.res.ibuffer, WGPUIndexFormat_Uint16, 0, WGPU_WHOLE_SIZE);
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderDrawIndexed(render_pass, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0);

    // end render pass
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd(render_pass);

    // create command buffer
    WGPUCommandBuffer cmd_buffer = wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(cmd_encoder, NULL); // after 'end render pass'

    // submit commands    
    wgpuQueueSubmit(state.wgpu.queue, 1, &cmd_buffer);

    // release all
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderRelease(render_pass);
    wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(cmd_encoder);
    wgpuCommandBufferRelease(cmd_buffer);
    wgpuTextureViewRelease(back_buffer);
    wgpuTextureRelease(surface_texture.texture);
}

// resize callback
int resize(int event_type, const EmscriptenUiEvent* ui_event, void* user_data) {
    (void)event_type, (void)ui_event, (void)user_data; // unused

    double w, h;
    emscripten_get_element_css_size(state.canvas.name, &w, &h);

    state.canvas.width = (int)w;
    state.canvas.height = (int)h;
    emscripten_set_canvas_element_size(state.canvas.name, state.canvas.width, state.canvas.height);

    if (state.wgpu.surface) {
        wgpuSurfaceRelease(state.wgpu.surface);
        state.wgpu.surface = NULL;
    }
    
    create_surface();

    return 1;
}

// helper functions
void create_surface() {
    state.wgpu.surface = wgpuInstanceCreateSurface(state.wgpu.instance, &(WGPUSurfaceDescriptor){
        .nextInChain = (WGPUChainedStruct*)(&(WGPUEmscriptenSurfaceSourceCanvasHTMLSelector){
            .chain.sType = WGPUSType_EmscriptenSurfaceSourceCanvasHTMLSelector,
            .selector = make_stringview(state.canvas.name),
        })
    });

    wgpuSurfaceConfigure(state.wgpu.surface, &(WGPUSurfaceConfiguration){
        .device = state.wgpu.device,
        .format = WGPUTextureFormat_BGRA8Unorm,
        .usage = WGPUTextureUsage_RenderAttachment,
        .width = state.canvas.width,
        .height = state.canvas.height,
        .presentMode = WGPUPresentMode_Fifo,
        .alphaMode = WGPUCompositeAlphaMode_Auto,
    });
}

WGPUShaderModule create_shader(const char* code, const char* label) {
    WGPUShaderSourceWGSL wgsl = {
        .chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderSourceWGSL,
        .code = make_stringview(code),
    };

    return wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(state.wgpu.device, &(WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor){
        .nextInChain = (WGPUChainedStruct*)(&wgsl),
        .label = label,
    });
}

WGPUBuffer create_buffer(const void* data, size_t size, WGPUBufferUsage usage) {
    WGPUBuffer buffer = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(state.wgpu.device, &(WGPUBufferDescriptor){
        .usage = WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst | usage,
        .size = size,
    });
    wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(state.wgpu.queue, buffer, 0, data, size);
    return buffer;
}

WGPUStringView make_stringview(const char* str) {
    WGPUStringView res = {0};
    if (str) {
        res.data = str;
        res.length = strlen(str);
    }
    return res;
}