main

sharpchen · sharpchen · commit d934c5426326 · 2024-11-25T18:22:39.000+08:00
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/File System/Units of Size.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/File System/Units of Size.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Units of Size
+
+Powershell has builtin suffix for some numeric types that can represent file size and memory size like `mb`, `gb` and so on.
+Powershell recognized the units and convert it into the base representation of size which is `byte`.
+So it's like some implicit operators in `C++` that do the job for us.
+
+- **NOT** case-sensitive
+- Auto converts into bytes(the default unit)
+- No concrete or wrapper type exists, just a annotation.
+
+
+```ps1
+gci | where { $_.Length > 1kb }
+```
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Array.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Array.md
@@ -2,8 +2,110 @@
 
 ## Creation
 
+```ps1
+$foo = 1,2,3
+$foo = @(1,2,3)
+
+$foo = ,1 # with only one item
+
+$foo = 1..10 # from inclusive range 1 to 10
+
+$foo = @() # empty array
+```
+
 > [!NOTE]
 > The default type of a array literal is `object[]`, you can annotate with a type.
 > ```ps1
 > [int[]]$foo = 1, 2, 3
 > ```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> Prefer `,...` to create an array with single element, it has less ambiguity.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Things like `1,2,3` itself is an expression, you can capture them as an object.
+> But it cannot spread out items except a weird `,(1,2,3)`.
+>```ps1
+>(1,2,3).Length # 3
+>
+>(,(1,2,3)).Length # 3 # does spread items # [!code highlight] 
+>
+>(,@(1,2,3)).Length # 1 # does not spread items # [!code highlight] 
+>
+>((gci), (gci ..)).Length # 2 # [!code highlight] 
+> ```
+
+### Collect from Expressions
+
+`@()` actually collects from expressions, and all items from expressions will be flattened into a whole array.
+So it can be another way to spread out arrays into one.
+
+- Use `;` to separate expressions for flatten arrays from them.
+- Use `,` to separate expressions if you want them to be sub-array.
+
+```ps1
+@((1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 3)).Length # 2
+@((1, 2, 3); (1, 2, 3)).Length # 6
+
+@((ls), (ls ..)).Length # 2
+@(ls; ls ..).Length # > 0
+```
+
+## Access an Item
+
+Powershell allows 
+
+## Concatenation
+
+Generates new array from two concatenated.
+
+```ps1
+((1,2,3) + (1,2,3)).Length # 6
+```
+
+## Repetition
+
+Use `*` to repeat the array content for certain times.
+
+```ps1
+((1,2,3) * 3).Length # 9
+```
+
+## Slicing
+
+Use range operator to slice an array.
+
+```ps1
+(1..10)[0..5] # 1 to 6
+
+(1..10)[-3..-1] # 8 to 10, last 3 items
+
+# Reversed slicing
+(1..10)[-1..-3] # 10, 9, 8; last 3 items in a reversed order
+
+((1..10)[-1..-1]) -is [Array] # True, slicing always returns array
+```
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Differ from `C#`, range operator in Powershell is inclusive from both sides.
+
+### Range Unions
+
+You can specify multiple ranges for slicing with `+`, selected item will be collected together.
+Separate different ranges by `+` to generate a range union.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> A range can be a single index or simple range
+
+```ps1
+# Select 1 to 3, 5 to 6, and a single 8
+(1..10)[0..2+4..5+7]
+```
+
+## Multi-Dim Array
+
+You'll have to create Multi-Dim array from .NET type constructor only.
+
+```ps1
+$foo = [int[,]]::New(2, 2) # 2 * 2 array
+```
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Collection.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Collection.md
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Control Flow.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Control Flow.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Control Flow
+
+## Falsy Values
+
+- `$false`
+- `$null`
+- Empty string
+- Numeric zeros
+- Empty collections implemented `IList`.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> You can cast falsy values to boolean.
+>```ps1
+>[bool]@() # False
+>```
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/HashTable.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/HashTable.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# HashTable
+
+## Merging
+
+```ps1
+@{ foo = 123; bar = '123' } + @{ baz = 234 }
+```
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> `+` will throw if the two have any duplicated key.
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Keyword Operators.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Keyword Operators.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Keyword Operators
+
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Operators.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Operators.md
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Scope.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Scope.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Scope
+
+Variables and functions can have a explicit scope.
+
+```ps1
+$<scope>:foo = 1
+function <scope>:Foo {}
+```
+
+## Scope Modifier
+
+- `global`: accessible for the whole session. The root parent scope in a runspace.
+- `local`: default. Accessible in current script or script block or function. Can be accessed by child scopes.
+- `private`: accessible for current scope, meaning it can't be accessed by any other scope.
+- `script`: only accessible in script module. The default scope in a 
+- Scopes from PSProviders
+    - `env`: environment variables
+    - `alias`: alias
+    - `function`
+    - `variable`
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/String.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/String.md
@@ -64,10 +64,6 @@ Use `@'...'@` or `@"..."@` to present Verbatim Here String or Interpolated Here
 > [!NOTE]
 > You can have quotation mark `"` in `@"..."@` and for `'` respectively.
 
-## String Concatenation
-
-Use `+`
-
 ## Character Escaping
 
 ### Quotation Mark
@@ -99,6 +95,14 @@ Use double `'` to escape `'` in a verbatim string.
 
 ## Format String
 
+## Repetition
+
+Use `*` to repeat a string.
+
+```ps1
+'abc' * 2 # abcabc
+```
+
 ## String Evaluation in Interpolation
 
 ### Collection
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Variable.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Language/Variable.md
@@ -12,3 +12,5 @@ echo $var
 ```
 
 ## Scope
+
+
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Object Manipulation/Object Members.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Object Manipulation/Object Members.md
@@ -1,12 +1,26 @@
 # Object Members
 
+## Member Inspection
+
 > [!TIP]
 > Use `gm` alias for `Get-Member`.
 
 ```ps1
 ls | Get-Member
 ```
 
+When inspecting an array of objects, `gm` only returns members for distinct types.
+
+```ps1
+@(123, '123') | gm | select -ExpandProperty TypeName -Unique
+# System.Int32
+# System.String
+
+(@('123', 123) | Get-Member).Length # 82
+(@('123', 123, 123) | Get-Member).Length # still 82
+
+```
+
 `Get-Member` returns a `MemberDefinition[]` or a `MemberDefinition` with following properties.
 
 ```cs
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Object Manipulation/Select.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Object Manipulation/Select.md
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ gps | select -ExpandProperty Name
 >  `Foreach-Object` can achieve the same thing
 > ```ps1
 > gps | foreach Name
-> # or use another alias of Foreach-Object %
+> # or use another alias of ForEach-Object %
 > gps | % Name
 > ```
 
@@ -93,16 +93,26 @@ gps | select -ExpandProperty Name
 > This approach mutates the selected property instead of generating a new object.
 
 ```ps1
-$john = @{
-    Name = 'John Smith'
-    Age = 30
-    Pet = @{
-        Name = 'Max'
-        Age = 6
+$player = @{
+    Id = 123
+    Level = 15
+    Status = 'Empowered'
+    Partner = @{
+        Id = 234
+        Level = 12
+        Status = 'Poisoned'
     }
 }
 
-$john | select Name, Age -ExpandProperty Pet
+# Adds a NoteProperty `Status` with the same value from $player to $player.Partner
+$partner = $john | select Status -ExpandProperty Partner
+
+[object]::ReferenceEquals($partner, $john.Child) # True
+
+$child | gm -MemberType NoteProperty # Status
+
+$partner.Status # Empowered # . accessor prefers ETS property
+$partner['Status'] # Poisoned
 ```
 
 > [!NOTE]
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Terminology & Naming.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Terminology & Naming.md
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Terminology.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Terminology.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Terminology
+
+Powershell has its own terminologies besides other shells like bash.
+It's a shell integrated with .NET, it's not a independent platform.
+
+- `cmdlet`: builtin utils inside powershell, implemented using other languages like `C#`.
+- `function`: a command implemented using powershell language itself.
+- `application`: external executable.
+
+## Session
+
+Session is an environment state created on Powershell instance starts.
+A session is not a scope, all environment of sessions are isolated.
+The scope of the session is the top scope.
+
+## Runspace
+
+Runspace is a customized instance of Powershell by powershell code.
+In general, you can't control how powershell loads Providers and builtin member and so on.
+So Powershell exposes such api to create a customized object to represent the truncated or enhanced instance of the Powershell environment.
+By this approach, you can expose minimal privileges and custom utilities to users for certain tasks.
+
+Each Runspace creates isolated session state just like a normal powershell instance.
+
+A normal powershell can be referred as a Runspace too.
diff --git a/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Understanding Pipeline.md b/docs/document/Powershell/docs/Understanding Pipeline.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#
+
+Overview of pipeline in powershell:
+
+- A cmdlet can have multiple parameters that accept pipeline input.
+- Only one parameter can bind to a given pipeline object at a time.
+- PowerShell prioritizes by value over by property name.
+
+## Pipeline Parameter Binding
+
+
+## How Cmdlet Accept a Pipeline Input
+
+There's two solution when a pipeline input comes in as a fallback:
+
+- ByValue: accepts when the coming object can be cast to the target type of the parameter.
+- ByPropertyName: accepts when the coming object has property name matched to any parameter name of the cmdlet. 
+
+
+```ps1
+spps -Name (gci -File | foreach Name)
+# is equivalent to
+# because FileInfo has Name which matches to -Name parameter of spps cmdlet
+gci -File | spps
+```
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> If multiple matches exist on ByPropertyName solution, powershell throws an error since these paramters might not be allowed to be used together.
+
+By value is always tried first, and then use ByPropertyName, or it finally throws.
+A parameter accepts pipeline input does not necessarily have both solutions, it can have at least one of them.

-Original file line number
+Diff line change
 ```
 ## Scope
++
++