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| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +title: "Bioequivalence Tests for Parallel Trial Designs: 3 Arms, 2 Endpoints" |
| 3 | +author: "Thomas Debray" |
| 4 | +date: "`r format(Sys.time(), '%B %d, %Y')`" |
| 5 | +output: |
| 6 | + html_document: |
| 7 | + fig_caption: yes |
| 8 | + fig_width: 9 |
| 9 | + fig_height: 6 |
| 10 | +vignette: > |
| 11 | + %\VignetteIndexEntry{Bioequivalence Tests for Parallel Trial Designs: 3 Arms, 2 Endpoints} |
| 12 | + %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown} |
| 13 | + %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8} |
| 14 | +bibliography: 'references.bib' |
| 15 | +link-citations: yes |
| 16 | +--- |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | +```{r setup, include=FALSE, message = FALSE, warning = FALSE} |
| 19 | +knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE) |
| 20 | +knitr::opts_chunk$set(comment = "#>", collapse = TRUE) |
| 21 | +options(rmarkdown.html_vignette.check_title = FALSE) #title of doc does not match vignette title |
| 22 | +doc.cache <- T #for cran; change to F |
| 23 | +``` |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +# Introduction |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | +In many studies, it is necessary to evaluate equivalence across multiple primary variables. For instance, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommends demonstrating equivalence for both **Area Under the Curve** (AUC) and **maximum concentration** (Cmax) when assessing pharmacokinetic properties. |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +When multiple primary endpoints are involved, a decision must be made on the desired criteria for equivalence: |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | +* Equivalence for All Primary Endpoints |
| 32 | + * This is the most common setting and is often referred to as having *multiple co-primary endpoints*. |
| 33 | + * Equivalence must be demonstrated for **all** endpoints to conclude overall equivalence. |
| 34 | +* Equivalence for At Least One Primary Endpoint |
| 35 | + * Known as having *multiple primary endpoints*. |
| 36 | + * Equivalence is required for **at least one** endpoint to meet the study's objectives. |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +This vignette presents advanced techniques for calculating sample size in parallel trial designs involving three treatment arms and two endpoints. Specifically, it focuses on bioequivalence testing between a new treatment (SB2) and a reference drug (Remicade) administered in two distinct locations (EU_Remicade and USA_Remicade). |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +# Methodology and Assumptions |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +The endpoints of interest are: |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | +* AUCinf: Area Under the Curve (infinity) |
| 45 | +* Cmax: Maximum concentration |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +For both endpoints, the analysis assumes that: |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | +* Summary data are available on the original scale (e.g., mean and standard deviation). |
| 50 | +* These data are provided for each treatment arm. |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | +This vignette demonstrates how to compute the required sample size for testing bioequivalence, ensuring robust conclusions across endpoints in this three-arm parallel trial design. |
| 53 | + |
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