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‎src/routes/solid-router/reference/data-apis/action.mdx

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title: action
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---
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Actions are data mutations that can trigger invalidations and further routing.
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A list of prebuilt response helpers can be found below.
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```jsx
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import { action, revalidate, redirect } from "@solidjs/router"
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// anywhere
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const myAction = action(async (data) => {
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await doMutation(data);
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throw redirect("/", { revalidate: getUser.keyFor(data.id) }); // throw a response to do a redirect
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The `action` function wraps an asynchronous function and returns an action.
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Actions enable data mutations and side effects, often in response to user interactions such as form submissions.
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To learn more about actions, see [the actions documentation](/solid-router/concepts/actions).
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```tsx
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import { action } from "@solidjs/router";
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const addTodoAction = action(async (name: string) => {
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await fetch("https://api.com/todos", {
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method: "POST",
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body: JSON.stringify({ name }),
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});
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});
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// in component
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<form action={myAction} method="post" />
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//or
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<button type="submit" formaction={myAction}></button>
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```
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Actions only work with **post** requests.
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This means forms require `method="post"`.
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A `with` method can be used when typed data is required.
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This removes the need to use `FormData` or other additional hidden fields.
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The `with` method works similar to [`bind`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_objects/Function/bind), which applies the arguments in order.
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## Forms
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Without `with`:
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Actions can be used to handle form submissions by passing them to the `action` prop in the [`<form>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/form) element.
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The form values will be accessible through the first parameter of the action function, which is a [`FormData`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/FormData) object.
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```jsx
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const deleteTodo = action(async (formData: FormData) => {
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const id = Number(formData.get("id"))
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await api.deleteTodo(id)
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})
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Please note that the `<form>` element **must** have `method="post"`.
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When using Server-Side Rendering (SSR), you must provide a unique name as the second parameter to the action function.
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<form action={deleteTodo} method="post">
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<input type="hidden" name="id" value={todo.id} />
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<button type="submit">Delete</button>
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</form>
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```tsx
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import { action } from "@solidjs/router";
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```
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Using `with`:
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```jsx del={5,6} ins={7}
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const deleteTodo = action(async (id: number) => {
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await api.deleteTodo(id)
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})
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<form action={deleteTodo} method="post">
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<input type="hidden" name="id" value={todo.id} />
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<form action={deleteTodo.with(todo.id)} method="post">
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<button type="submit">Delete</button>
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</form>
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```
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:::tip
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In [SolidStart](/solid-start) apps, it's recommended to use the [`"use server"`](/solid-start/reference/server/use-server) directive to leverage server-side caching.
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:::
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## Notes of `<form>` implementation and SSR
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This requires stable references because a string can only be serialized as an attribute, and it is crucial for consistency across SSR. where these references must align.
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The solution is to provide a unique name.
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```jsx
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const myAction = action(async (args) => {}, "my-action");
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```
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## `useAction`
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Instead of forms, actions can directly be wrapped in a `useAction` primitive.
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This is how router context is created.
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```jsx
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// in component
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const submit = useAction(myAction);
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submit(...args);
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const addTodoAction = action(async (formData: FormData) => {
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const name = formData.get("name")?.toString();
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await fetch("https://api.com/todos", {
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method: "POST",
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body: JSON.stringify({ name }),
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});
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}, "add-todo");
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function TodoForm() {
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return (
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<form action={addTodoAction} method="post">
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<input name="name" />
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<button>Add todo</button>
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</form>
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);
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}
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```
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The outside of a form context can use custom data instead of `formData`.
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These helpers preserve types.
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### The `with` method
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However, even when used with server functions, such as with [SolidStart](https://start.solidjs.com/getting-started/what-is-solidstart), this requires client-side JavaScript and is not progressively enhanceable like forms are.
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Actions have a `with` method that is used to pass additional arguments to the action.
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The parameters passed to the `with` method are forwarded to the action function in the same order.
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The `FormData` is still available as the last parameter.
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## `useSubmission`/`useSubmissions`
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```tsx
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import { action } from "@solidjs/router";
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These functions are used when incorporating optimistic updates during ongoing actions.
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They provide either a singular Submission (the latest one), or a collection of Submissions that match, with an optional filtering function.
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const addTodoAction = action(async (userId: number, formData: FormData) => {
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const name = formData.get("name")?.toString();
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await fetch("https://api.com/todos", {
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method: "POST",
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body: JSON.stringify({ userId, name }),
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});
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});
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```jsx
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type Submission<T, U> = {
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input: T;
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result: U;
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error: any;
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pending: boolean
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clear: () => {}
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retry: () => {}
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function TodoForm() {
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const userId = 1;
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return (
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<form action={addTodoAction.with(userId)} method="post">
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<input name="name" />
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<button>Add todo</button>
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</form>
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);
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}
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const submissions = useSubmissions(action, (input) => filter(input));
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const submission = useSubmission(action, (input) => filter(input));
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```
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## Revalidate cached functions
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### Revalidate all (default)
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By default all cached functions will be revalidated wether the action does not return or return a "normal" response.
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```jsx
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const deleteTodo = action(async (formData: FormData) => {
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const id = Number(formData.get("id"))
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await api.deleteTodo(id)
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// ...
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return new Response("success", { status: 200 });
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})
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```
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### Revalidate specific cached keys
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By returning a response with solid-router's `json`, `reload` or `redirect` helpers you can pass a key / keys to the revalidate prop as the second argument of the json response helper.
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You can either pass as `string` directly or use the cached functions `key` or `keyFor` props.
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```jsx
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import { action, json, reload, redirect } from "@solidjs/router"
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const deleteTodo = action(async (formData: FormData) => {
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const id = Number(formData.get("id"))
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await api.deleteTodo(id)
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return json(
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{ deleted: id },
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{ revalidate: ["getAllTodos", getTodos.key, getTodoByID.keyFor(id)]}
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)
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//or
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return reload({ revalidate: ["getAllTodos", getTodos.key, getTodoByID.keyFor(id)]})
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//or
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return redirect("/", { revalidate: ["getAllTodos", getTodos.key, getTodoByID.keyFor(id)]})
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})
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## Response helpers
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Solid Router provides three response helpers that customize the behavior of the action:
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- [`json`](/solid-router/reference/response-helpers/json): Allows returning JSON from the action, which will be accessible as the return value when invoking the action using [`useAction`](/solid-router/reference/data-apis/use-action).
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- [`redirect`](/solid-router/reference/response-helpers/redirect): Performs a redirect.
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- [`reload`](/solid-router/reference/response-helpers/reload): Revalidates queries.
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Response helpers return a [`Response`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Response) object with custom properties recognized by Solid Router.
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When a `Response` object is either returned or thrown from an action function, Solid Router handles it automatically.
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It's advised not to construct a `Response` object without using response helpers.
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```tsx
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import { action, redirect, json } from "@solidjs/router";
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import { getCurrentUser } from "./auth";
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const addTodoAction = action(async (name: string) => {
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const user = await getCurrentUser();
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if (!user) {
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throw redirect("/login");
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// Or
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// return redirect("/login");
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}
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const todo = await fetch("https://api.com/todos", {
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method: "POST",
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body: JSON.stringify({ name }),
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}).then((response) => response.json());
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throw json({ todo });
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// Or
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// return json({ todo });
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});
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```
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## Prevent revalidation
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To opt out of any revalidation you can pass any `string` to revalidate which is not a key of any cached function.
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```jsx
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const deleteTodo = action(async (formData: FormData) => {
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const id = Number(formData.get("id"))
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await api.deleteTodo(id)
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// returns a `json` without revalidating the action.
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return json(`deleted ${id}`,{ revalidate: "nothing" })
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## Query revalidation
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// or reload the route without revalidating the request.
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return reload({ revalidate: "nothing" })
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// or redirect without revalidating
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return redirect("/", { revalidate: "nothing" })
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})
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```
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By default, when an action is invoked, all [queries](/solid-router/reference/data-apis/query) used on the same page are automatically revalidated.
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This behavior can be customized using the [response helpers](#response-helpers).
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### Revalidate without action
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Response helpers accept a parameter that allows to specify which query keys to revalidate in an action.
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This can be used to disable revalidation for a specific set of queries or to disable it entirely.
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Cached functions can also be revalidated by the `revalidate` helper.
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```jsx
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revalidate([getTodos.key, getTodoByID.keyFor(id)])
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```tsx
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import { action, reload } from "@solidjs/router";
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const addTodoAction = action(async (name: string) => {
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await fetch("https://api.com/todos", {
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method: "POST",
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body: JSON.stringify({ name }),
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});
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return reload({ revalidate: [] });
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// return reload({ revalidate: ["getTodos"] });
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});
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```
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This is also great if you want to set your own "refresh" interval e.g. poll data every 30 seconds.
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```jsx
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export default function TodoLayout(){
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const todos = createAsync(() => getTodos())
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onMount(() => {
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//30 second polling
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const interval = setInterval(() => revalidate(getTodos.key),1000 * 30)
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onCleanup(() => clearInterval(interval))
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})
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// ...
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}
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```
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In this example, the first `reload` completely disables revalidation.
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The second return (which is commented out) only revalidates queries with the `getTodos` query key.

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