Bump version to 0.5.0, update dependencies, and pin Rust 1.91 in CI

- Update all crate dependencies to latest compatible versions (46 packages)
- Sync package version to 0.5.0 across Cargo.toml, VERSION, and Helm charts
- Pin CI workflow to Rust 1.91 for consistent builds

Author: soulgarden

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Set up Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.91
         with:
           components: rustfmt, clippy