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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: README.md
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Designed and manufactured in Boulder, Colorado, USA, the SparkFun GNSS Disciplined Oscillator (GNSSDO) is the perfect solution for your high-precision timing needs. Based around the multi-constellation, multi-frequency, L5-ready mosaic-T from Septentrio, this is our most accurate GNSS timing product to date. It features a disciplined 10MHz Digitally-Controlled Temperature-Controlled Crystal Oscillator (DCTCXO). The mosaic-T also has built-in on-module support for the Fugro AtomiChron L-band timing service.
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* SMA Connections:
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* GNSS Antenna (L1/L2/L5/L-Band) - provides 3.3V for an active antenna
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* 10MHz Output - disciplined, configurable for 5V / 3.3V / 2.8V / 1.8V and 50 Ohm
* CTS can be configured as a 3.3V / 5V power output via a solder jumper
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* EventB input - 3.3V / 5V switchable
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* Secondary I<sup>2</sup>C bus (SCL and SDA) - 3.3V / 5V switchable
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* Power Options:
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* USB-C
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* Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
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* 9V-36V DC input (fully isolated)
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Under the hood, the GNSSDO is based on the mosaic-T GNSS module from Septentrio, plus the Espressif ESP32-WROVER processor (16MB flash, 8MB PSRAM). The mosaic-T has USB-C connectivity (with Ethernet-over-USB), multiple UARTs and supports full Ethernet connectivity. You can connect the mosaic-T directly to your Ethernet network - our product supports Power-over-Ethernet too. The ESP32 rides shotgun: disciplining the DCTCXO and controlling the OLED display. Remote configuration is possible, the ESP32 console can be accessed via TCP. The GNSSDO has multiple power options including USB-C, PoE and 9V-36V DC, making it easy to connect it to a battery-backed supply.
For the ultimate in clock accuracy, you can subscribe to Fugro's AtomiChron service. Corrections can be delivered via L-Band or IP (Ethernet). AtomiChron allows the mosaic-T to achieve better than 1ns timing accuracy. Activation takes place over L-Band.
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Without an AtomiChron subscription, the firmware will use the composite GNSS **RxClkBias** from **PVTGeodetic** to discipline the TCXO frequency.
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<figuremarkdown>
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[{ width="400" }](./assets/img/hookup_guide/AtomiChron-Expired.png"Click to enlarge")
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<figcaptionmarkdown>By default, the Fugro AtomiChron subscription shows as "expired".</figcaption>
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</figure>
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With AtomiChron, you have the option to use the individual GPS or Galileo clock bias from **FugroTimeOffset** over the Fugro composite bias.
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<figuremarkdown>
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[{ width="400" }](./assets/img/hookup_guide/AtomiChron-Active.png"Click to enlarge")
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<figcaptionmarkdown>The mosaic-T with an active Fugro AtomiChron subscription.</figcaption>
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/hardware_overview.md
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## :septentrio-logo: mosaic-T
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The heart of our product is of course the mosaic-T GNSS module from Septentrio. It is a _very_ sophisticated chip with multiple interfaces: UARTS, USB and Ethernet. The `COM3` UART pins, plus `GPIO1` and `GPIO2`, are available as 0.1" test points should you need access to them.
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The heart of our product is of course the mosaic-T GNSS module from Septentrio. It is a _very_ sophisticated chip with multiple interfaces: UARTS, USB and Ethernet. The `GPIO1` and `GPIO2` pins are available as 0.1" test points should you need access to them.
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<figuremarkdown>
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[{ width="400" }](./assets/img/hookup_guide/T.png"Click to enlarge")
The ESP32 processor is there to control (discipline) the 10 MHz TCXO oscillator and the OLED display. We have deliberately kept the ESP32 firmware as simple as possible. The intention is that you can write your own firmware using the Espressif IDF or Arduino IDE if you need to. The ESP32-WROVER-IE antenna is connected to the **ESP32** RP SMA connector on the rear panel but it is unused by the SparkFun firmware.
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The ESP32 processor is there to control (discipline) the 10 MHz TCXO oscillator and the OLED display. We have deliberately kept the ESP32 firmware as simple as possible. The intention is that you can write your own firmware using the Espressif IDF or Arduino IDE if you need to.
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<figuremarkdown>
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[{ width="400" }](./assets/img/hookup_guide/ESP32.png"Click to enlarge")
Think of the ESP32 as a co-processor, or riding shotgun... The mosaic-T `COM1` and `COM4` UARTs are linked to the ESP32, allowing the two to communicate directly without needing an Ethernet link. In our firmware, the PVTGeodetic and ReceiverTime messages are output on COM1. The ESP32 displays some of their content on the I<sup>2</sup>C OLED display, and then uses the content to discipline the TCXO oscillator. See [Oscillator](./oscillator.md) for more details.
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Think of the ESP32 as a co-processor, or riding shotgun... The mosaic-T `COM1`, `COM3` and `COM4` UARTs are linked to the ESP32, allowing the two to communicate directly without needing an Ethernet link. In our firmware, the PVTGeodetic and ReceiverTime messages are output on COM1. The ESP32 displays some of their content on the I<sup>2</sup>C OLED display, and then uses the content to discipline the TCXO oscillator. See [Oscillator](./oscillator.md) for more details.
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??? code "ESP32 Firmware"
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We have intentionally kept the ESP32 firmware as simple as possible. The intention is that users can easily develop their, own firmware for the GNSSDO using the Espressif ESP IDF or the Arduino IDE if the SparkFun firmware does not meet their needs.
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You can update or reload the firmware using the [SparkFun RTK Firmware Uploader](https://github.com/sparkfun/SparkFun_RTK_Firmware_Uploader).
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The ESP32-WROVER-IE antenna is not connected. If you write your own firmware and want to use BT/WiFi connectivity, you will need to attach your own antenna to the u.FL connector on the ESP32 module.
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## Ethernet PHY Interface
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The mosaic-T has a KSZ8041NLI Ethernet PHY interface, connected using a Reduced Media-Independent Interface (RMII).
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When selecting antennas and/or cables for the GNSSDO, double-check the polarity for the connections.
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## I/O Terminals
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## Input/Output Terminals
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The GNSSDO is equipped with a [10-way 3.5mm screw cage terminal connector](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/22461).
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<divclass="grid"markdown>
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!!! tip
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The I<sup>2</sup>C voltage is set by the VCCIO voltage selection switch.
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## Switches
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There are two miniature slide switches on the GNSSDO PCB:
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<figuremarkdown>
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[{ width="300" }](./assets/img/hookup_guide/Switches.png"Click to enlarge")
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<figcaptionmarkdown>Switches.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<divmarkdown>
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*`VCCIO`
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* This switch sets the voltage of the Input Output Terminals (COM2 UART, Event B, SCL2 & SDA2)
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* The I/O voltage can be set to 3.3V (default) or 5V.
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*`10MHz`
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* This switch changes the function of the 10MHz SMA connector
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* When set to `OUT` (default):
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* The SMA connector will output a 10MHz "CMOS" disciplined clock signal
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* The signal voltage is set by the VCCIO voltage selection switch
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* When set to `IN`:
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* The user can apply a clock signal from an external 10MHz oscillator
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* The input impedance is 50Ω
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* The detection level is -14dBm
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* The max supported input level is +12dBm
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</div>
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## Status LEDs
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There are six status LEDs on the GNSSDO:
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* Holding the ++"LOG"++ button for more than 5 seconds *(> 5s)* and then releasing it, will force the board to:
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* Unmount the SD card if it was mounted
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* Mount the SD card if it was unmounted
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* The SD card must be mounted to allow data logging by the mosaic-T
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* When the SD card is unmounted, it is accessible as a mass storage device via the CONFIG MOSAIC USB-C interface
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* Files can be read and written over USB while the SD card is unmounted
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* You can enter the commands using the `Admin \ Expert Console` to:
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* Change what happens when the disk is full
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* Change how the files are named
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* Change the mounting / unmounting of the disk
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* Consult section 3.2.20 of the [Firmware Reference Guide](https://www.septentrio.com/en/products/gnss-receivers/gnss-receiver-modules/mosaic-t#resources) for more details
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!!! tip "Instructional Video"
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:material-youtube: [How to log data to the SD card of the Septentrio mosaic receiver module](https://youtu.be/Y9tvOebnoxk)
The mosaic-T is a superb GNSS module designed for highly accurate timing applications. It can be configured as a RTK Rover and will make use of incoming RTCM corrections. **But it can not be configured as a RTK Base. RTCM output is not supported.**
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* ±50ppb stability
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* ±1ppb/°C frequency slope
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* ±58ppb typical 20-year aging
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*[Allan Deviation](./assets/img/hookup_guide/Allan_Deviation.jpg) approaches 1E-14 at 10000 seconds with AtomiChron enabled
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* Digital frequency pulling via I²C
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* Operating temperature: -40 to 85 °C (Industrial)
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The firmware then monitors the **PVTGeodetic RxClkBias** (as 64-bit float in milliseconds). When **RxClkBias** is positive, receiver time is ahead of system time and the oscillator frequency should be reduced. When **RxClkBias** is negative, receiver time is behind system time and the oscillator frequency should be increased. The firmware will adjust the SiT5358 oscillator frequency via the 26-bit Digital Frequency Control register accordingly. As per Appendix D, the frequency will be changed by no more than 3ppb per second.
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The Proportional (P) and Integral (I) terms can be adjusted via the ESP32 firmware settings.
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The Proportional (P) and Integral (I) terms can be adjusted via the [ESP32 firmware settings](./software_overview.md#configure-operation).
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The **LOCK** LED will illuminate and PPS pulses will be generated when RxClkBias is less than 10ns. The OLED will show **PPS On** when pulses are being generated.
The 10ns lock threshold / limit can be changed by the user through the ESP32 USB-C interface and saved in non-volatile memory.
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The Pulse-Per-Second parameters can also be configured by the user through the USB-C interface: interval, polarity, delay, time scale, max sync age, pulse width.
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The Pulse-Per-Second parameters can also be configured by the user through the [ESP32 firmware settings](./software_overview.md#configure-operation): interval, polarity, delay, time scale, max sync age, pulse width.
Should **PVTGeodetic Error** indicate an error (i.e. become non-zero), the loop will continue but no changes will be made to the oscillator frequency until the error is cleared.
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: * You can power the GNSSDO using the supplied USB power supply (wall adapter).
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* Plug the power supply into the wall.
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* Use the supplied USB-C cable to connect the power supply to either the **CONFIG MOSAIC** or the **CONFIG ESP32** USB-C port. It does not matter which.
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* You should see the red power (PWR) LED light up and text start to scroll up the OLED display.
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* You should see the red power (PWR) LED light up and text appear on the OLED display.
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Once the mosaic-T has acquired a satellite signal and is connected to the Ethernet network, the OLED will display: the date and time; the antenna's position as Latitude (Lat) and Longitude (Long); the Ethernet IP (Internet Protocol) network address.
The mosaic-T has a built-in high-speed USB port which supports Ethernet-over-USB. To take advantage of this interface, you first need to install the Septentrio drivers.
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The mosaic-T has a built-in high-speed USB port which supports Ethernet-over-USB and two additional UART COM ports. To take advantage of this interface, you first need to install the Septentrio drivers.
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<figure markdown>
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[{ width="400" }](./assets/img/hookup_guide/USB_Connections.png "Click to enlarge")
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`4` - **Open the terminal emulator**
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: * Open the terminal emulator and connect to the CH340 COM port. Select **115200** as the baud rate.
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* Once connected, you will see a debug message from the ESP32 every second. The message contains the date, time, Lat, Long and other information about the clock accuracy.
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* Pressing any key will open the [configuration menu](./software_overview.md), allowing you to change the firmware settings if needed.
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* Pressing any key will open the [configuration menu](./software_overview.md#fontawesome-solid-screwdriver-wrenchsoftware-settings), allowing you to change the firmware settings if needed.
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!!! tip
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Enabling the [**TCP Server (IPS1)**](./software_overview.md#tcp-server-ips1) option via the Configure Operation menu will allow you to access the firmware serial console via TCP. The firmware settings can then be accessed over the Ethernet or Ethernet-over-USB interfaces, instead of CONFIG ESP32 USB-C. The TCP port number can be changed via the menu; the default TCP port is 28785.
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!!! tip "Not working?"
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The following sections will help if your GNSSDO is not working as expected:
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</div>
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## Fugro AtomiChron<sup>Ⓡ</sup>
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For the ultimate in clock accuracy, you can subscribe to Fugro's AtomiChron service. Corrections can be delivered via L-Band or IP (Ethernet). AtomiChron allows the mosaic-T to achieve better than 1ns timing accuracy.
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Without an AtomiChron subscription, the firmware will use the composite GNSS **RxClkBias** from **PVTGeodetic** to discipline the TCXO frequency.
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<figuremarkdown>
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[{ width="400" }](./assets/img/hookup_guide/AtomiChron-Expired.png"Click to enlarge")
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<figcaptionmarkdown>By default, the Fugro AtomiChron subscription shows as "expired".</figcaption>
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</figure>
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With AtomiChron, you have the option to use the individual GPS or Galileo clock bias from **FugroTimeOffset** over the Fugro composite bias. Activation takes place over L-Band and is very, very quick.
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[{ width="400" }](./assets/img/hookup_guide/AtomiChron-Active.png"Click to enlarge")
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<figcaptionmarkdown>The mosaic-T with an active Fugro AtomiChron subscription.</figcaption>
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