Add checker for searching unnecessary parentheses in func & meth role (#115)

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <[email protected]>

Author: mattwang44

sphinxlint/checkers.py

@@ -513,3 +513,15 @@ def check_dangling_hyphen(file, lines, options):
         stripped_line = line.rstrip("\n")
         if _has_dangling_hyphen(stripped_line):
             yield lno + 1, "Line ends with dangling hyphen"
+
+
+@checker(".rst", ".po", rst_only=False, enabled=True)
+def check_unnecessary_parentheses(filename, lines, options):
+    """Check for unnecessary parentheses in :func: and :meth: roles.
+
+    Bad:  :func:`test()`
+    Good: :func:`test`
+    """
+    for lno, line in enumerate(lines, start=1):
+        if match := rst.ROLE_WITH_UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES_RE.search(line):
+            yield lno, f"Unnecessary parentheses in {match.group(0).strip()!r}"

sphinxlint/rst.py

@@ -280,3 +280,5 @@ def inline_markup_gen(start_string, end_string, extra_allowed_before=""):
 )
 
 ROLE_MISSING_CLOSING_BACKTICK_RE = re.compile(rf"({ROLE_HEAD}`[^`]+?)[^`]*$")
+
+ROLE_WITH_UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES_RE = re.compile(r"(^|\s):(func|meth):`[^`]+\(\)`")