diff --git a/doc/man/sphinx-build.rst b/doc/man/sphinx-build.rst
index 654a851ec53..f5c373620b8 100644
--- a/doc/man/sphinx-build.rst
+++ b/doc/man/sphinx-build.rst
@@ -64,33 +64,49 @@ Options
 
    .. versionadded:: 1.2.1
 
-.. option:: -b buildername
+.. option:: -b buildername, --builder buildername
 
    Selects a builder.
 
    See :doc:`/usage/builders/index` for a list of all of Sphinx's built-in builders.
    Extensions can add their own builders.
 
-.. option:: -a
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--builder`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -a, --write-all
 
    If given, always write all output files. The default is to only write output
    files for new and changed source files. (This may not apply to all
    builders.)
 
-.. option:: -E
+   .. note:: This option does not re-read source files.
+             To read and re-process every file,
+             use :option:`--fresh-env` instead.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--write-all`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -E, --fresh-env
 
    Don't use a saved :term:`environment` (the structure caching all
    cross-references), but rebuild it completely.  The default is to only read
    and parse source files that are new or have changed since the last run.
 
-.. option:: -t tag
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--fresh-env`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -t tag, --tag tag
 
    Define the tag *tag*.  This is relevant for :rst:dir:`only` directives that
    only include their content if this tag is set.
 
    .. versionadded:: 0.6
 
-.. option:: -d path
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--tag`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -d path, --doctree-dir path
 
    Since Sphinx has to read and parse all source files before it can write an
    output file, the parsed source files are cached as "doctree pickles".
@@ -98,6 +114,9 @@ Options
    the build directory; with this option you can select a different cache
    directory (the doctrees can be shared between all builders).
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--doctree-dir`` long option.
+
 .. option:: -j N, --jobs N
 
    Distribute the build over *N* processes in parallel, to make building on
@@ -114,7 +133,7 @@ Options
    .. versionchanged:: 6.2
       Add ``--jobs`` long option.
 
-.. option:: -c path
+.. option:: -c path, --config-dir path
 
    Don't look for the :file:`conf.py` in the source directory, but use the given
    configuration directory instead.  Note that various other files and paths
@@ -124,13 +143,19 @@ Options
 
    .. versionadded:: 0.3
 
-.. option:: -C
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--config-dir`` long option.
 
-   Don't look for a configuration file; only take options via the ``-D`` option.
+.. option:: -C, --isolated
+
+   Don't look for a configuration file; only take options via the :option:`--define` option.
 
    .. versionadded:: 0.5
 
-.. option:: -D setting=value
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--isolated`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -D setting=value, --define setting=value
 
    Override a configuration value set in the :file:`conf.py` file.  The value
    must be a number, string, list or dictionary value.
@@ -149,18 +174,27 @@ Options
    .. versionchanged:: 1.3
       The value can now also be a list value.
 
-.. option:: -A name=value
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--define`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -A name=value, --html-define name=value
 
    Make the *name* assigned to *value* in the HTML templates.
 
    .. versionadded:: 0.5
 
-.. option:: -n
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--html-define`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -n, --nitpicky
 
    Run in nit-picky mode.  Currently, this generates warnings for all missing
    references.  See the config value :confval:`nitpick_ignore` for a way to
    exclude some references as "known missing".
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--nitpicky`` long option.
+
 .. option:: -N, --no-color
 
    Do not emit colored output.
@@ -174,24 +208,33 @@ Options
 
    .. versionadded:: 1.6
 
-.. option:: -v
+.. option:: -v, --verbose
 
-   Increase verbosity (loglevel).  This option can be given up to three times
+   Increase verbosity (log-level).  This option can be given up to three times
    to get more debug logging output.  It implies :option:`-T`.
 
    .. versionadded:: 1.2
 
-.. option:: -q
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--verbose`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -q, --quiet
 
    Do not output anything on standard output, only write warnings and errors to
    standard error.
 
-.. option:: -Q
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--quiet`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -Q, --silent
 
    Do not output anything on standard output, also suppress warnings.  Only
    errors are written to standard error.
 
-.. option:: -w file
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--silent`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -w file, --warning-file file
 
    Write warnings (and errors) to the given file, in addition to standard error.
 
@@ -199,11 +242,17 @@ Options
 
       ANSI control sequences are stripped when writing to *file*.
 
-.. option:: -W
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--warning-file`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -W, --fail-on-warning
 
    Turn warnings into errors.  This means that the build stops at the first
    warning and ``sphinx-build`` exits with exit status 1.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--fail-on-warning`` long option.
+
 .. option:: --keep-going
 
    With -W option, keep going processing when getting warnings to the end
@@ -211,7 +260,7 @@ Options
 
    .. versionadded:: 1.8
 
-.. option:: -T
+.. option:: -T, --show-traceback
 
    Display the full traceback when an unhandled exception occurs.  Otherwise,
    only a summary is displayed and the traceback information is saved to a file
@@ -219,11 +268,17 @@ Options
 
    .. versionadded:: 1.2
 
-.. option:: -P
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--show-traceback`` long option.
+
+.. option:: -P, --pdb
 
    (Useful for debugging only.)  Run the Python debugger, :mod:`pdb`, if an
    unhandled exception occurs while building.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 7.3
+      Add ``--pdb`` long option.
+
 .. option:: -h, --help, --version
 
    Display usage summary or Sphinx version.
diff --git a/sphinx/cmd/build.py b/sphinx/cmd/build.py
index 9f31ffe72be..809ee076032 100644
--- a/sphinx/cmd/build.py
+++ b/sphinx/cmd/build.py
@@ -149,16 +149,16 @@ def get_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
                                 'if -a is specified'))
 
     group = parser.add_argument_group(__('general options'))
-    group.add_argument('-b', metavar='BUILDER', dest='builder',
+    group.add_argument('-b', '--builder', metavar='BUILDER', dest='builder',
                        default='html',
                        help=__('builder to use (default: html)'))
-    group.add_argument('-a', action='store_true', dest='force_all',
+    group.add_argument('-a', '--write-all', action='store_true', dest='force_all',
                        help=__('write all files (default: only write new and '
                                'changed files)'))
-    group.add_argument('-E', action='store_true', dest='freshenv',
+    group.add_argument('-E', '--fresh-env', action='store_true', dest='freshenv',
                        help=__("don't use a saved environment, always read "
                                'all files'))
-    group.add_argument('-d', metavar='PATH', dest='doctreedir',
+    group.add_argument('-d', '--doctree-dir', metavar='PATH', dest='doctreedir',
                        help=__('path for the cached environment and doctree '
                                'files (default: OUTPUTDIR/.doctrees)'))
     group.add_argument('-j', '--jobs', metavar='N', default=1, type=jobs_argument,
@@ -166,30 +166,30 @@ def get_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
                        help=__('build in parallel with N processes where '
                                'possible (special value "auto" will set N to cpu-count)'))
     group = parser.add_argument_group('build configuration options')
-    group.add_argument('-c', metavar='PATH', dest='confdir',
+    group.add_argument('-c', '--config-dir', metavar='PATH', dest='confdir',
                        help=__('path where configuration file (conf.py) is '
                                'located (default: same as SOURCEDIR)'))
-    group.add_argument('-C', action='store_true', dest='noconfig',
+    group.add_argument('-C', '--isolated', action='store_true', dest='noconfig',
                        help=__('use no config file at all, only -D options'))
-    group.add_argument('-D', metavar='setting=value', action='append',
+    group.add_argument('-D', '--define', metavar='setting=value', action='append',
                        dest='define', default=[],
                        help=__('override a setting in configuration file'))
-    group.add_argument('-A', metavar='name=value', action='append',
+    group.add_argument('-A', '--html-define', metavar='name=value', action='append',
                        dest='htmldefine', default=[],
                        help=__('pass a value into HTML templates'))
-    group.add_argument('-t', metavar='TAG', action='append',
+    group.add_argument('-t', '--tag', metavar='TAG', action='append',
                        dest='tags', default=[],
                        help=__('define tag: include "only" blocks with TAG'))
-    group.add_argument('-n', action='store_true', dest='nitpicky',
+    group.add_argument('-n', '--nitpicky', action='store_true', dest='nitpicky',
                        help=__('nit-picky mode, warn about all missing '
                                'references'))
 
     group = parser.add_argument_group(__('console output options'))
-    group.add_argument('-v', action='count', dest='verbosity', default=0,
+    group.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='count', dest='verbosity', default=0,
                        help=__('increase verbosity (can be repeated)'))
-    group.add_argument('-q', action='store_true', dest='quiet',
+    group.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', action='store_true', dest='quiet',
                        help=__('no output on stdout, just warnings on stderr'))
-    group.add_argument('-Q', action='store_true', dest='really_quiet',
+    group.add_argument('-Q', '--silent', action='store_true', dest='really_quiet',
                        help=__('no output at all, not even warnings'))
     group.add_argument('--color', action='store_const', const='yes',
                        default='auto',
@@ -198,15 +198,15 @@ def get_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
                        const='no',
                        help=__('do not emit colored output (default: '
                                'auto-detect)'))
-    group.add_argument('-w', metavar='FILE', dest='warnfile',
+    group.add_argument('-w', '--warning-file', metavar='FILE', dest='warnfile',
                        help=__('write warnings (and errors) to given file'))
-    group.add_argument('-W', action='store_true', dest='warningiserror',
+    group.add_argument('-W', '--fail-on-warning', action='store_true', dest='warningiserror',
                        help=__('turn warnings into errors'))
     group.add_argument('--keep-going', action='store_true', dest='keep_going',
                        help=__("with -W, keep going when getting warnings"))
-    group.add_argument('-T', action='store_true', dest='traceback',
+    group.add_argument('-T', '--show-traceback', action='store_true', dest='traceback',
                        help=__('show full traceback on exception'))
-    group.add_argument('-P', action='store_true', dest='pdb',
+    group.add_argument('-P', '--pdb', action='store_true', dest='pdb',
                        help=__('run Pdb on exception'))
 
     return parser