diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 4dc78f852ab..8e8dac4a4f8 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -259,8 +259,6 @@ module = [
     "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
     "sphinx.ext.autodoc.directive",
     "sphinx.ext.autodoc.importer",
-    "sphinx.ext.autodoc.mock",
-    "sphinx.ext.autodoc.mock",
     "sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate",
     "sphinx.ext.doctest",
     "sphinx.ext.graphviz",
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/mock.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/mock.py
index c2ab0feb442..f17c3302cb6 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/mock.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/mock.py
@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@
 from importlib.abc import Loader, MetaPathFinder
 from importlib.machinery import ModuleSpec
 from types import MethodType, ModuleType
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from sphinx.util import logging
 from sphinx.util.inspect import isboundmethod, safe_getattr
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Iterator, Sequence
+    from typing import Any
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -46,10 +47,10 @@ def __len__(self) -> int:
     def __contains__(self, key: str) -> bool:
         return False
 
-    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator:
-        return iter([])
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Any]:
+        return iter(())
 
-    def __mro_entries__(self, bases: tuple) -> tuple:
+    def __mro_entries__(self, bases: tuple[Any, ...]) -> tuple[type, ...]:
         return (self.__class__,)
 
     def __getitem__(self, key: Any) -> _MockObject:
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
 
 
 def _make_subclass(name: str, module: str, superclass: Any = _MockObject,
-                   attributes: Any = None, decorator_args: tuple = ()) -> Any:
+                   attributes: Any = None, decorator_args: tuple[Any, ...] = ()) -> Any:
     attrs = {'__module__': module,
              '__display_name__': module + '.' + name,
              '__name__': name,
@@ -144,8 +145,8 @@ def mock(modnames: list[str]) -> Iterator[None]:
         # mock modules are enabled here
         ...
     """
+    finder = MockFinder(modnames)
     try:
-        finder = MockFinder(modnames)
         sys.meta_path.insert(0, finder)
         yield
     finally:
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
index 92565aef058..c6ced7eebb1 100644
--- a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 source file translated by test_build.
 """
 
+import inspect
 import sys
+import typing
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -185,8 +187,22 @@ def test_automodule_inherited_members(app):
                                                             'sphinx.missing_module4']})
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
 def test_subclass_of_mocked_object(app):
+    from sphinx.ext.autodoc.mock import _MockObject
     sys.modules.pop('target', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
 
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
+    # ``typing.Any`` is not available at runtime on ``_MockObject.__new__``
+    assert '.. py:class:: Inherited(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any)' in actual
+
+    # make ``typing.Any`` available at runtime on ``_MockObject.__new__``
+    sig = inspect.signature(_MockObject.__new__)
+    parameters = sig.parameters.copy()
+    for name in ('args', 'kwargs'):
+        parameters[name] = parameters[name].replace(annotation=typing.Any)
+    sig = sig.replace(parameters=tuple(parameters.values()))
+    _MockObject.__new__.__signature__ = sig  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
     options = {'members': None}
     actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
     assert '.. py:class:: Inherited(*args: ~typing.Any, **kwargs: ~typing.Any)' in actual