BedrockRuntimeHints.registerResources() in Spring AI 2.0.0-M1 fails during GraalVM native image AOT processing when attempting to register AWS SDK JSON configuration files from JAR dependencies.

[pdebuitlear]

Bug description
During Spring Boot AOT processing for GraalVM native image compilation, the BedrockRuntimeHints class throws an IllegalArgumentException when attempting to register AWS SDK resources:

error when registering Bedrock types
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Resource must be a ClassPathResource that exists:
  URL [jar:file://aws-core-2.36.3.jar!/software/amazon/awssdk/awscore/internal/defaults/sdk-default-configuration.json]
  at org.springframework.ai.bedrock.aot.BedrockRuntimeHints.registerResources(BedrockRuntimeHints.java:110)

Impact

• AOT processing logs contain warnings that may confuse users
• AWS SDK resources may not be properly registered for native image compilation
• Potential runtime failures when native image attempts to load AWS SDK configuration files
• Users must implement workarounds to use Bedrock in native images

Root Cause Analysis

Problematic Code

File: models/spring-ai-bedrock/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/bedrock/aot/BedrockRuntimeHints.java

Lines 105-112:

private void registerResources(RuntimeHints hints) throws Exception {
    // Register AWS SDK interceptor files
    for (var resource : this.resolver.getResources("classpath*:software/amazon/awssdk/**/*.interceptors")) {
        hints.resources().registerResource(resource);
    }

    // Register AWS SDK JSON config files
    for (var resource : this.resolver.getResources("classpath*:software/amazon/awssdk/**/*.json")) {
        hints.resources().registerResource(resource);  // LINE 110 - FAILS HERE
    }
}

Why It Fails

1. Resource Pattern Matching:

   • PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver with pattern classpath*:software/amazon/awssdk/**/*.json
   • Finds ALL JSON files in AWS SDK JARs, including:
     • software/amazon/awssdk/awscore/internal/defaults/sdk-default-configuration.json (in aws-core-2.36.3.jar)
     • software/amazon/awssdk/services/bedrockruntime/internal/defaults/sdk-default-configuration.json
     • Many other SDK configuration files

2. JAR-based Resources vs ClassPathResource:

   • Resources inside JAR files have URLs like: jar:file://aws-core-2.36.3.jar!/software/amazon/awssdk/...
   • These are UrlResource instances (from jar: protocol), NOT ClassPathResource instances
   • Spring's RuntimeHints.resources().registerResource(Resource) validates that the resource is a ClassPathResource
   • When passed a JAR-based UrlResource, it throws IllegalArgumentException

3. API Misuse:

   • registerResource(Resource) expects file-based classpath resources
   • Should use registerPattern(String) for JAR-based resources

Spring AI's Error Handling

The exception is caught and logged as a warning (lines 66-75):

@Override
public void registerHints(RuntimeHints hints, ClassLoader classLoader) {
    try {
        this.registerBedrockRuntimeService(hints);
        this.registerSerializationClasses(hints);
        this.registerResources(hints);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        this.log.warn("error when registering Bedrock types", ex);  // Just logs warning
    }
}

Environment

• Spring AI Version: 2.0.0-M1
• Spring Boot Version: 4.0.0 (milestone)
• Java Version: 25
• GraalVM Version: 25
• AWS SDK Version: 2.36.3 (resolved from Spring AI BOM)
• Build Tool: Gradle 8.12
• Native Image Builder: GraalVM native-image (via Spring Boot GraalVM plugin)

Steps to reproduce

1. Create Spring Boot 4.0.0 project with:

   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-ai-bedrock-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
       <version>2.0.0-M1</version>
   </dependency>

2. Configure GraalVM native image plugin:

   plugins {
       id 'org.springframework.boot' version '4.0.0'
       id 'org.graalvm.buildtools.native' version '0.10.4'
   }

3. Run AOT processing:

   ./gradlew processAot

4. Observe output:

   WARN  o.s.a.bedrock.aot.BedrockRuntimeHints - error when registering Bedrock types
   java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Resource must be a ClassPathResource that exists:
     URL [jar:file://aws-core-2.36.3.jar!/software/amazon/awssdk/awscore/internal/defaults/sdk-default-configuration.json]
   

Expected behavior
AWS SDK resources should be registered successfully without warnings or errors during AOT processing.

Actual behavior

• Warning logged: "error when registering Bedrock types"
• Full stack trace with IllegalArgumentException
• AWS SDK resources may not be included in native image
• Potential runtime failures when AWS SDK tries to load configuration