diff --git a/models/spring-ai-qianfan/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/qianfan/QianFanImageModel.java b/models/spring-ai-qianfan/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/qianfan/QianFanImageModel.java
index 6e6b22845df..de4b7e26fd7 100644
--- a/models/spring-ai-qianfan/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/qianfan/QianFanImageModel.java
+++ b/models/spring-ai-qianfan/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/qianfan/QianFanImageModel.java
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 package org.springframework.ai.qianfan;
 
+import io.micrometer.observation.ObservationRegistry;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import org.springframework.ai.image.Image;
@@ -23,10 +24,16 @@
 import org.springframework.ai.image.ImageOptions;
 import org.springframework.ai.image.ImagePrompt;
 import org.springframework.ai.image.ImageResponse;
+import org.springframework.ai.image.observation.DefaultImageModelObservationConvention;
+import org.springframework.ai.image.observation.ImageModelObservationContext;
+import org.springframework.ai.image.observation.ImageModelObservationConvention;
+import org.springframework.ai.image.observation.ImageModelObservationDocumentation;
 import org.springframework.ai.model.ModelOptionsUtils;
+import org.springframework.ai.qianfan.api.QianFanConstants;
 import org.springframework.ai.qianfan.api.QianFanImageApi;
 import org.springframework.ai.retry.RetryUtils;
 import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
@@ -43,6 +50,8 @@ public class QianFanImageModel implements ImageModel {
 
 	private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QianFanImageModel.class);
 
+	private static final ImageModelObservationConvention DEFAULT_OBSERVATION_CONVENTION = new DefaultImageModelObservationConvention();
+
 	/**
 	 * The default options used for the image completion requests.
 	 */
@@ -58,6 +67,16 @@ public class QianFanImageModel implements ImageModel {
 	 */
 	private final QianFanImageApi qianFanImageApi;
 
+	/**
+	 * Observation registry used for instrumentation.
+	 */
+	private final ObservationRegistry observationRegistry;
+
+	/**
+	 * Conventions to use for generating observations.
+	 */
+	private ImageModelObservationConvention observationConvention = DEFAULT_OBSERVATION_CONVENTION;
+
 	/**
 	 * Creates an instance of the QianFanImageModel.
 	 * @param qianFanImageApi The QianFanImageApi instance to be used for interacting with
@@ -69,48 +88,85 @@ public QianFanImageModel(QianFanImageApi qianFanImageApi) {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Initializes a new instance of the QianFanImageModel.
+	 * Creates an instance of the QianFanImageModel.
+	 * @param qianFanImageApi The QianFanImageApi instance to be used for interacting with
+	 * the QianFan Image API.
+	 * @param options The QianFanImageOptions to configure the image model.
+	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if qianFanImageApi is null
+	 */
+	public QianFanImageModel(QianFanImageApi qianFanImageApi, QianFanImageOptions options) {
+		this(qianFanImageApi, options, RetryUtils.DEFAULT_RETRY_TEMPLATE);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates an instance of the QianFanImageModel.
 	 * @param qianFanImageApi The QianFanImageApi instance to be used for interacting with
 	 * the QianFan Image API.
 	 * @param options The QianFanImageOptions to configure the image model.
 	 * @param retryTemplate The retry template.
+	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if qianFanImageApi is null
 	 */
 	public QianFanImageModel(QianFanImageApi qianFanImageApi, QianFanImageOptions options,
 			RetryTemplate retryTemplate) {
+		this(qianFanImageApi, options, retryTemplate, ObservationRegistry.NOOP);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Initializes a new instance of the QianFanImageModel.
+	 * @param qianFanImageApi The QianFanImageApi instance to be used for interacting with
+	 * the QianFan Image API.
+	 * @param options The QianFanImageOptions to configure the image model.
+	 * @param retryTemplate The retry template.
+	 * @param observationRegistry The ObservationRegistry used for instrumentation.
+	 */
+	public QianFanImageModel(QianFanImageApi qianFanImageApi, QianFanImageOptions options, RetryTemplate retryTemplate,
+			ObservationRegistry observationRegistry) {
 		Assert.notNull(qianFanImageApi, "QianFanImageApi must not be null");
 		Assert.notNull(options, "options must not be null");
 		Assert.notNull(retryTemplate, "retryTemplate must not be null");
+		Assert.notNull(observationRegistry, "observationRegistry must not be null");
 		this.qianFanImageApi = qianFanImageApi;
 		this.defaultOptions = options;
 		this.retryTemplate = retryTemplate;
+		this.observationRegistry = observationRegistry;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public ImageResponse call(ImagePrompt imagePrompt) {
-		return this.retryTemplate.execute(ctx -> {
+		QianFanImageOptions requestImageOptions = mergeOptions(imagePrompt.getOptions(), this.defaultOptions);
 
-			String instructions = imagePrompt.getInstructions().get(0).getText();
+		QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageRequest imageRequest = createRequest(imagePrompt, requestImageOptions);
 
-			QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageRequest imageRequest = new QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageRequest(instructions,
-					QianFanImageApi.DEFAULT_IMAGE_MODEL);
+		var observationContext = ImageModelObservationContext.builder()
+			.imagePrompt(imagePrompt)
+			.provider(QianFanConstants.PROVIDER_NAME)
+			.requestOptions(requestImageOptions)
+			.build();
 
-			if (this.defaultOptions != null) {
-				imageRequest = ModelOptionsUtils.merge(this.defaultOptions, imageRequest,
-						QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageRequest.class);
-			}
+		return ImageModelObservationDocumentation.IMAGE_MODEL_OPERATION
+			.observation(this.observationConvention, DEFAULT_OBSERVATION_CONVENTION, () -> observationContext,
+					this.observationRegistry)
+			.observe(() -> {
 
-			if (imagePrompt.getOptions() != null) {
-				imageRequest = ModelOptionsUtils.merge(toQianFanImageOptions(imagePrompt.getOptions()), imageRequest,
-						QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageRequest.class);
-			}
+				ResponseEntity<QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageResponse> imageResponseEntity = this.retryTemplate
+					.execute(ctx -> this.qianFanImageApi.createImage(imageRequest));
 
-			// Make the request
-			ResponseEntity<QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageResponse> imageResponseEntity = this.qianFanImageApi
-				.createImage(imageRequest);
+				ImageResponse imageResponse = convertResponse(imageResponseEntity, imageRequest);
 
-			// Convert to org.springframework.ai.model derived ImageResponse data type
-			return convertResponse(imageResponseEntity, imageRequest);
-		});
+				observationContext.setResponse(imageResponse);
+
+				return imageResponse;
+			});
+	}
+
+	private QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageRequest createRequest(ImagePrompt imagePrompt,
+			QianFanImageOptions requestImageOptions) {
+		String instructions = imagePrompt.getInstructions().get(0).getText();
+
+		QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageRequest imageRequest = new QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageRequest(instructions,
+				QianFanImageApi.DEFAULT_IMAGE_MODEL);
+
+		return ModelOptionsUtils.merge(requestImageOptions, imageRequest, QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageRequest.class);
 	}
 
 	private ImageResponse convertResponse(ResponseEntity<QianFanImageApi.QianFanImageResponse> imageResponseEntity,
@@ -132,33 +188,32 @@ private ImageResponse convertResponse(ResponseEntity<QianFanImageApi.QianFanImag
 	/**
 	 * Convert the {@link ImageOptions} into {@link QianFanImageOptions}.
 	 * @param runtimeImageOptions the image options to use.
+	 * @param defaultOptions the default options.
 	 * @return the converted {@link QianFanImageOptions}.
 	 */
-	private QianFanImageOptions toQianFanImageOptions(ImageOptions runtimeImageOptions) {
-		QianFanImageOptions.Builder qianFanImageOptionsBuilder = QianFanImageOptions.builder();
-		if (runtimeImageOptions != null) {
-			if (runtimeImageOptions.getN() != null) {
-				qianFanImageOptionsBuilder.withN(runtimeImageOptions.getN());
-			}
-			if (runtimeImageOptions.getModel() != null) {
-				qianFanImageOptionsBuilder.withModel(runtimeImageOptions.getModel());
-			}
-			if (runtimeImageOptions.getWidth() != null) {
-				qianFanImageOptionsBuilder.withWidth(runtimeImageOptions.getWidth());
-			}
-			if (runtimeImageOptions.getHeight() != null) {
-				qianFanImageOptionsBuilder.withHeight(runtimeImageOptions.getHeight());
-			}
-			if (runtimeImageOptions instanceof QianFanImageOptions runtimeQianFanImageOptions) {
-				if (runtimeQianFanImageOptions.getStyle() != null) {
-					qianFanImageOptionsBuilder.withStyle(runtimeQianFanImageOptions.getStyle());
-				}
-				if (runtimeQianFanImageOptions.getUser() != null) {
-					qianFanImageOptionsBuilder.withUser(runtimeQianFanImageOptions.getUser());
-				}
-			}
+	private QianFanImageOptions mergeOptions(@Nullable ImageOptions runtimeImageOptions,
+			QianFanImageOptions defaultOptions) {
+		var runtimeOptionsForProvider = ModelOptionsUtils.copyToTarget(runtimeImageOptions, ImageOptions.class,
+				QianFanImageOptions.class);
+
+		if (runtimeOptionsForProvider == null) {
+			return defaultOptions;
 		}
-		return qianFanImageOptionsBuilder.build();
+
+		return QianFanImageOptions.builder()
+			.withModel(ModelOptionsUtils.mergeOption(runtimeOptionsForProvider.getModel(), defaultOptions.getModel()))
+			.withN(ModelOptionsUtils.mergeOption(runtimeOptionsForProvider.getN(), defaultOptions.getN()))
+			.withModel(ModelOptionsUtils.mergeOption(runtimeOptionsForProvider.getModel(), defaultOptions.getModel()))
+			.withWidth(ModelOptionsUtils.mergeOption(runtimeOptionsForProvider.getWidth(), defaultOptions.getWidth()))
+			.withHeight(
+					ModelOptionsUtils.mergeOption(runtimeOptionsForProvider.getHeight(), defaultOptions.getHeight()))
+			.withStyle(ModelOptionsUtils.mergeOption(runtimeOptionsForProvider.getStyle(), defaultOptions.getStyle()))
+			.withUser(ModelOptionsUtils.mergeOption(runtimeOptionsForProvider.getUser(), defaultOptions.getUser()))
+			.build();
+	}
+
+	public void setObservationConvention(ImageModelObservationConvention observationConvention) {
+		this.observationConvention = observationConvention;
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/models/spring-ai-qianfan/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/qianfan/image/QianFanImageModelObservationIT.java b/models/spring-ai-qianfan/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/qianfan/image/QianFanImageModelObservationIT.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6dbab145246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/spring-ai-qianfan/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/qianfan/image/QianFanImageModelObservationIT.java
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.springframework.ai.qianfan.image;
+
+import io.micrometer.observation.tck.TestObservationRegistry;
+import io.micrometer.observation.tck.TestObservationRegistryAssert;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledIfEnvironmentVariable;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledIfEnvironmentVariables;
+import org.springframework.ai.image.ImagePrompt;
+import org.springframework.ai.image.ImageResponse;
+import org.springframework.ai.image.observation.DefaultImageModelObservationConvention;
+import org.springframework.ai.observation.conventions.AiOperationType;
+import org.springframework.ai.observation.conventions.AiProvider;
+import org.springframework.ai.qianfan.QianFanImageModel;
+import org.springframework.ai.qianfan.QianFanImageOptions;
+import org.springframework.ai.qianfan.api.QianFanImageApi;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.springframework.ai.image.observation.ImageModelObservationDocumentation.HighCardinalityKeyNames;
+import static org.springframework.ai.image.observation.ImageModelObservationDocumentation.LowCardinalityKeyNames;
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests for observation instrumentation in {@link QianFanImageModel}.
+ *
+ * @author Geng Rong
+ */
+@SpringBootTest(classes = QianFanImageModelObservationIT.Config.class)
+@EnabledIfEnvironmentVariables(value = { @EnabledIfEnvironmentVariable(named = "QIANFAN_API_KEY", matches = ".+"),
+		@EnabledIfEnvironmentVariable(named = "QIANFAN_SECRET_KEY", matches = ".+") })
+public class QianFanImageModelObservationIT {
+
+	@Autowired
+	TestObservationRegistry observationRegistry;
+
+	@Autowired
+	QianFanImageModel imageModel;
+
+	@Test
+	void observationForImageOperation() {
+		var options = QianFanImageOptions.builder()
+			.withModel(QianFanImageApi.ImageModel.Stable_Diffusion_XL.getValue())
+			.withHeight(1024)
+			.withWidth(1024)
+			.withStyle("Base")
+			.build();
+
+		var instructions = "Here comes the sun";
+
+		ImagePrompt imagePrompt = new ImagePrompt(instructions, options);
+
+		ImageResponse imageResponse = imageModel.call(imagePrompt);
+		assertThat(imageResponse.getResults()).hasSize(1);
+
+		TestObservationRegistryAssert.assertThat(observationRegistry)
+			.doesNotHaveAnyRemainingCurrentObservation()
+			.hasObservationWithNameEqualTo(DefaultImageModelObservationConvention.DEFAULT_NAME)
+			.that()
+			.hasContextualNameEqualTo("image " + QianFanImageApi.ImageModel.Stable_Diffusion_XL.getValue())
+			.hasLowCardinalityKeyValue(LowCardinalityKeyNames.AI_OPERATION_TYPE.asString(),
+					AiOperationType.IMAGE.value())
+			.hasLowCardinalityKeyValue(LowCardinalityKeyNames.AI_PROVIDER.asString(), AiProvider.QIANFAN.value())
+			.hasLowCardinalityKeyValue(LowCardinalityKeyNames.REQUEST_MODEL.asString(),
+					QianFanImageApi.ImageModel.Stable_Diffusion_XL.getValue())
+			.hasHighCardinalityKeyValue(HighCardinalityKeyNames.REQUEST_IMAGE_SIZE.asString(), "1024x1024")
+			.hasHighCardinalityKeyValue(HighCardinalityKeyNames.REQUEST_IMAGE_STYLE.asString(), "Base")
+			.hasBeenStarted()
+			.hasBeenStopped();
+	}
+
+	@SpringBootConfiguration
+	static class Config {
+
+		@Bean
+		public TestObservationRegistry observationRegistry() {
+			return TestObservationRegistry.create();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public QianFanImageApi qianFanImageApi() {
+			return new QianFanImageApi(System.getenv("QIANFAN_API_KEY"), System.getenv("QIANFAN_SECRET_KEY"));
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public QianFanImageModel qianFanImageModel(QianFanImageApi qianFanImageApi,
+				TestObservationRegistry observationRegistry) {
+			return new QianFanImageModel(qianFanImageApi, QianFanImageOptions.builder().build(),
+					RetryTemplate.defaultInstance(), observationRegistry);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/spring-ai-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/autoconfigure/qianfan/QianFanAutoConfiguration.java b/spring-ai-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/autoconfigure/qianfan/QianFanAutoConfiguration.java
index afcb88af837..17e65f2a074 100644
--- a/spring-ai-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/autoconfigure/qianfan/QianFanAutoConfiguration.java
+++ b/spring-ai-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/autoconfigure/qianfan/QianFanAutoConfiguration.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import org.springframework.ai.autoconfigure.retry.SpringAiRetryAutoConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.ai.chat.observation.ChatModelObservationConvention;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.observation.EmbeddingModelObservationConvention;
+import org.springframework.ai.image.observation.ImageModelObservationConvention;
 import org.springframework.ai.model.function.FunctionCallbackContext;
 import org.springframework.ai.qianfan.QianFanChatModel;
 import org.springframework.ai.qianfan.QianFanEmbeddingModel;
@@ -99,7 +100,8 @@ public QianFanEmbeddingModel qianFanEmbeddingModel(QianFanConnectionProperties c
 			matchIfMissing = true)
 	public QianFanImageModel qianFanImageModel(QianFanConnectionProperties commonProperties,
 			QianFanImageProperties imageProperties, RestClient.Builder restClientBuilder, RetryTemplate retryTemplate,
-			ResponseErrorHandler responseErrorHandler) {
+			ResponseErrorHandler responseErrorHandler, ObjectProvider<ObservationRegistry> observationRegistry,
+			ObjectProvider<ImageModelObservationConvention> observationConvention) {
 
 		String apiKey = StringUtils.hasText(imageProperties.getApiKey()) ? imageProperties.getApiKey()
 				: commonProperties.getApiKey();
@@ -116,7 +118,12 @@ public QianFanImageModel qianFanImageModel(QianFanConnectionProperties commonPro
 
 		var qianFanImageApi = new QianFanImageApi(baseUrl, apiKey, secretKey, restClientBuilder, responseErrorHandler);
 
-		return new QianFanImageModel(qianFanImageApi, imageProperties.getOptions(), retryTemplate);
+		var imageModel = new QianFanImageModel(qianFanImageApi, imageProperties.getOptions(), retryTemplate,
+				observationRegistry.getIfUnique(() -> ObservationRegistry.NOOP));
+
+		observationConvention.ifAvailable(imageModel::setObservationConvention);
+
+		return imageModel;
 	}
 
 	private QianFanApi qianFanApi(String baseUrl, String commonBaseUrl, String apiKey, String commonApiKey,