diff --git a/models/spring-ai-bedrock/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/bedrock/cohere/BedrockCohereEmbeddingModel.java b/models/spring-ai-bedrock/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/bedrock/cohere/BedrockCohereEmbeddingModel.java
index d3b66dfacbc..20163e0078e 100644
--- a/models/spring-ai-bedrock/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/bedrock/cohere/BedrockCohereEmbeddingModel.java
+++ b/models/spring-ai-bedrock/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/bedrock/cohere/BedrockCohereEmbeddingModel.java
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ BedrockCohereEmbeddingOptions mergeOptions(EmbeddingOptions requestOptions) {
 					.truncate(CohereEmbeddingRequest.Truncate.NONE)
 					.build();
 
-		if (requestOptions != null && !EmbeddingOptions.EMPTY.equals(requestOptions)) {
+		if (requestOptions != null) {
 			options = ModelOptionsUtils.merge(requestOptions, options, BedrockCohereEmbeddingOptions.class);
 		}
 
diff --git a/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingModel.java b/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingModel.java
index 7e8fb3ab459..0a977545583 100644
--- a/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingModel.java
+++ b/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingModel.java
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ PostgresMlEmbeddingOptions mergeOptions(EmbeddingOptions requestOptions) {
 		PostgresMlEmbeddingOptions options = (this.defaultOptions != null) ? this.defaultOptions
 				: PostgresMlEmbeddingOptions.builder().build();
 
-		if (requestOptions != null && !EmbeddingOptions.EMPTY.equals(requestOptions)) {
+		if (requestOptions != null) {
 			options = ModelOptionsUtils.merge(requestOptions, options, PostgresMlEmbeddingOptions.class);
 		}
 
diff --git a/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingModelIT.java b/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingModelIT.java
index e6e6c90ad80..f682823d41a 100644
--- a/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingModelIT.java
+++ b/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingModelIT.java
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 import org.springframework.ai.document.Document;
 import org.springframework.ai.document.MetadataMode;
-import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingOptions;
+import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingOptionsBuilder;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingRequest;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingResponse;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingResponseMetadata;
@@ -179,7 +179,8 @@ void embedCallWithRequestOptionsOverride() {
 				true);
 		embeddingModel.afterPropertiesSet();
 
-		var request1 = new EmbeddingRequest(List.of("Hello World!", "Spring AI!", "LLM!"), EmbeddingOptions.EMPTY);
+		var request1 = new EmbeddingRequest(List.of("Hello World!", "Spring AI!", "LLM!"),
+				EmbeddingOptionsBuilder.builder().build());
 
 		EmbeddingResponse embeddingResponse = embeddingModel.call(request1);
 
diff --git a/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingOptionsTests.java b/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingOptionsTests.java
index d7d4b28315f..f39630761bf 100644
--- a/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingOptionsTests.java
+++ b/models/spring-ai-postgresml/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/postgresml/PostgresMlEmbeddingOptionsTests.java
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.mockito.Mockito;
 
-import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingOptions;
+import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingOptionsBuilder;
 import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public void mergeOptions() {
 		var jdbcTemplate = Mockito.mock(JdbcTemplate.class);
 		PostgresMlEmbeddingModel embeddingModel = new PostgresMlEmbeddingModel(jdbcTemplate);
 
-		PostgresMlEmbeddingOptions options = embeddingModel.mergeOptions(EmbeddingOptions.EMPTY);
+		PostgresMlEmbeddingOptions options = embeddingModel.mergeOptions(EmbeddingOptionsBuilder.builder().build());
 
 		// Default options
 		assertThat(options.getTransformer()).isEqualTo(PostgresMlEmbeddingModel.DEFAULT_TRANSFORMER_MODEL);
diff --git a/models/spring-ai-vertex-ai-embedding/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/vertexai/embedding/multimodal/VertexAiMultimodalEmbeddingModel.java b/models/spring-ai-vertex-ai-embedding/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/vertexai/embedding/multimodal/VertexAiMultimodalEmbeddingModel.java
index f623794ce82..d0a7508debe 100644
--- a/models/spring-ai-vertex-ai-embedding/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/vertexai/embedding/multimodal/VertexAiMultimodalEmbeddingModel.java
+++ b/models/spring-ai-vertex-ai-embedding/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/vertexai/embedding/multimodal/VertexAiMultimodalEmbeddingModel.java
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.DocumentEmbeddingModel;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.DocumentEmbeddingRequest;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.Embedding;
-import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingOptions;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingResponse;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingResponseMetadata;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingResultMetadata;
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ public EmbeddingResponse call(DocumentEmbeddingRequest request) {
 		// merge the runtime and default vertex ai options.
 		VertexAiMultimodalEmbeddingOptions mergedOptions = this.defaultOptions;
 
-		if (request.getOptions() != null && request.getOptions() != EmbeddingOptions.EMPTY) {
+		if (request.getOptions() != null) {
 			var defaultOptionsCopy = VertexAiMultimodalEmbeddingOptions.builder().from(this.defaultOptions).build();
 			mergedOptions = ModelOptionsUtils.merge(request.getOptions(), defaultOptionsCopy,
 					VertexAiMultimodalEmbeddingOptions.class);
diff --git a/models/spring-ai-vertex-ai-embedding/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/vertexai/embedding/text/VertexAiTextEmbeddingModel.java b/models/spring-ai-vertex-ai-embedding/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/vertexai/embedding/text/VertexAiTextEmbeddingModel.java
index cf92d66ff57..2e839736472 100644
--- a/models/spring-ai-vertex-ai-embedding/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/vertexai/embedding/text/VertexAiTextEmbeddingModel.java
+++ b/models/spring-ai-vertex-ai-embedding/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/vertexai/embedding/text/VertexAiTextEmbeddingModel.java
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 import org.springframework.ai.document.Document;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.AbstractEmbeddingModel;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.Embedding;
-import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingOptions;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingRequest;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingResponse;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingResponseMetadata;
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ private VertexAiTextEmbeddingOptions mergedOptions(EmbeddingRequest request) {
 
 		VertexAiTextEmbeddingOptions mergedOptions = this.defaultOptions;
 
-		if (request.getOptions() != null && request.getOptions() != EmbeddingOptions.EMPTY) {
+		if (request.getOptions() != null) {
 			var defaultOptionsCopy = VertexAiTextEmbeddingOptions.builder().from(this.defaultOptions).build();
 			mergedOptions = ModelOptionsUtils.merge(request.getOptions(), defaultOptionsCopy,
 					VertexAiTextEmbeddingOptions.class);
diff --git a/models/spring-ai-watsonx-ai/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/watsonx/WatsonxAiEmbeddingModelTest.java b/models/spring-ai-watsonx-ai/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/watsonx/WatsonxAiEmbeddingModelTest.java
index b3001cf22ac..6c61d815f4c 100644
--- a/models/spring-ai-watsonx-ai/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/watsonx/WatsonxAiEmbeddingModelTest.java
+++ b/models/spring-ai-watsonx-ai/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/watsonx/WatsonxAiEmbeddingModelTest.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingOptions;
+import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingOptionsBuilder;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingResponse;
 import org.springframework.ai.watsonx.api.WatsonxAiApi;
 import org.springframework.ai.watsonx.api.WatsonxAiEmbeddingRequest;
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ void createRequestWithOptionsAndInvalidModel() {
 	void createRequestWithNoOptions() {
 		List<String> inputs = List.of("test");
 		WatsonxAiEmbeddingRequest request = this.embeddingModel.watsonxAiEmbeddingRequest(inputs,
-				EmbeddingOptions.EMPTY);
+				EmbeddingOptionsBuilder.builder().build());
 
 		assertThat(request.getModel()).isEqualTo(WatsonxAiEmbeddingOptions.DEFAULT_MODEL);
 		assertThat(request.getInputs().size()).isEqualTo(inputs.size());
diff --git a/spring-ai-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/autoconfigure/vertexai/embedding/VertexAiTextEmbeddingModelAutoConfigurationIT.java b/spring-ai-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/autoconfigure/vertexai/embedding/VertexAiTextEmbeddingModelAutoConfigurationIT.java
index d5397b56adb..9268b92f6df 100644
--- a/spring-ai-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/autoconfigure/vertexai/embedding/VertexAiTextEmbeddingModelAutoConfigurationIT.java
+++ b/spring-ai-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/autoconfigure/vertexai/embedding/VertexAiTextEmbeddingModelAutoConfigurationIT.java
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 import org.springframework.ai.document.Document;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.DocumentEmbeddingRequest;
-import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingOptions;
+import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingOptionsBuilder;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingResponse;
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingResultMetadata;
 import org.springframework.ai.vertexai.embedding.multimodal.VertexAiMultimodalEmbeddingModel;
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public void multimodalEmbedding() {
 			var document = new Document("Hello World");
 
 			DocumentEmbeddingRequest embeddingRequest = new DocumentEmbeddingRequest(List.of(document),
-					EmbeddingOptions.EMPTY);
+					EmbeddingOptionsBuilder.builder().build());
 
 			EmbeddingResponse embeddingResponse = multiModelEmbeddingModel.call(embeddingRequest);
 			assertThat(embeddingResponse.getResults()).hasSize(1);