diff --git a/spring-ai-model/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/embedding/observation/EmbeddingModelObservationContextTests.java b/spring-ai-model/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/embedding/observation/EmbeddingModelObservationContextTests.java
index 06c66c60410..b2e918f5b20 100644
--- a/spring-ai-model/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/embedding/observation/EmbeddingModelObservationContextTests.java
+++ b/spring-ai-model/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/embedding/observation/EmbeddingModelObservationContextTests.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingRequest;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
 
 /**
  * Unit tests for {@link EmbeddingModelObservationContext}.
@@ -43,8 +44,83 @@ void whenMandatoryRequestOptionsThenReturn() {
 		assertThat(observationContext).isNotNull();
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void whenBuilderWithNullRequestThenThrowsException() {
+		assertThatThrownBy(() -> EmbeddingModelObservationContext.builder()
+			.embeddingRequest(null)
+			.provider("test-provider")
+			.build()).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class).hasMessage("request cannot be null");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void whenBuilderWithNullProviderThenThrowsException() {
+		var embeddingRequest = generateEmbeddingRequest(EmbeddingOptionsBuilder.builder().model("test-model").build());
+
+		assertThatThrownBy(() -> EmbeddingModelObservationContext.builder()
+			.embeddingRequest(embeddingRequest)
+			.provider(null)
+			.build()).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class).hasMessage("provider cannot be null or empty");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void whenBuilderWithEmptyProviderThenThrowsException() {
+		var embeddingRequest = generateEmbeddingRequest(EmbeddingOptionsBuilder.builder().model("test-model").build());
+
+		assertThatThrownBy(() -> EmbeddingModelObservationContext.builder()
+			.embeddingRequest(embeddingRequest)
+			.provider("")
+			.build()).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class).hasMessage("provider cannot be null or empty");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void whenValidRequestAndProviderThenBuildsSuccessfully() {
+		var embeddingRequest = generateEmbeddingRequest(EmbeddingOptionsBuilder.builder().model("test-model").build());
+
+		var observationContext = EmbeddingModelObservationContext.builder()
+			.embeddingRequest(embeddingRequest)
+			.provider("valid-provider")
+			.build();
+
+		assertThat(observationContext).isNotNull();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void whenBuilderWithBlankProviderThenThrowsException() {
+		var embeddingRequest = generateEmbeddingRequest(EmbeddingOptionsBuilder.builder().model("test-model").build());
+
+		assertThatThrownBy(() -> EmbeddingModelObservationContext.builder()
+			.embeddingRequest(embeddingRequest)
+			.provider("   ")
+			.build()).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class).hasMessage("provider cannot be null or empty");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void whenEmbeddingRequestWithNullOptionsThenBuildsSuccessfully() {
+		var embeddingRequest = generateEmbeddingRequest(null);
+
+		var observationContext = EmbeddingModelObservationContext.builder()
+			.embeddingRequest(embeddingRequest)
+			.provider("test-provider")
+			.build();
+
+		assertThat(observationContext).isNotNull();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void whenEmbeddingRequestWithEmptyInputListThenBuildsSuccessfully() {
+		var embeddingRequest = new EmbeddingRequest(List.of(),
+				EmbeddingOptionsBuilder.builder().model("test-model").build());
+
+		var observationContext = EmbeddingModelObservationContext.builder()
+			.embeddingRequest(embeddingRequest)
+			.provider("test-provider")
+			.build();
+
+		assertThat(observationContext).isNotNull();
+	}
+
 	private EmbeddingRequest generateEmbeddingRequest(EmbeddingOptions embeddingOptions) {
-		return new EmbeddingRequest(List.of(), embeddingOptions);
+		return new EmbeddingRequest(List.of("test input"), embeddingOptions);
 	}
 
 }