Configure the Gradle toolchain to use Java 23

In order to be able to fix #34140 which requires using at least a Java 22 compiler, this issue intends to change the configuration of the Gradle toolchain to use Java 23, while setting the Java release to Java 17 (or other versions when using MRJARs) when relevant in order to keep the current Java 17 baseline.

We then expect to upgrade to Java 24 and Java 25 compilers when available.