diff --git a/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/listener/adapter/MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java b/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/listener/adapter/MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java
index 637715171e..aaa81e6fa8 100644
--- a/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/listener/adapter/MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java
+++ b/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/listener/adapter/MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java
@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ protected void invoke(Object records, @Nullable Acknowledgment acknowledgment, @
 		catch (Error e) {
 			listenerError = e;
 			currentObservation.error(e);
+			throw e;
 		}
 		finally {
 			if (listenerError != null || result == null) {