chore(druid): Update container images ahead of Stackable Release 24.11

[NickLarsenNZ]

Part of #831.

Remove 28.0.1, promote 30.0.0 to latest/LTS in tests/docs.

Note

We have decided to stick to https://github.com/stackabletech/druid-opa-authorizer/releases/tag/0.5.0 for now.

Tip

Please add the scheduled-for/20XX-XX label.

### Update tasks
- [x] Update `versions.py` to reflect the agreed upon versions in the spreadsheet (including the removal of old versions).
- [x] Check other operators (getting_started / kuttl) for usage of the versions. Add the PR(s) to the list below.
- [x] Update the version in demos. Add the PR(s) to the list below.

### Related Pull Requests
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/docker-images/pull/880
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/druid-operator/pull/631
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/demos/pull/102
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/druid-opa-authorizer/pull/105
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/druid-opa-authorizer/pull/106

### Acceptance
- [x] Can build image locally
- [x] Kuttl smoke tests passes locally

Testing instructions

# See the latest version at https://pypi.org/project/image-tools-stackabletech/
pip install image-tools-stackabletech==0.0.12

bake --product druid=x.y.z # where x.y.z is the new version added in this PR

kind load docker-image docker.stackable.tech/stackable/druid:x.y.z-stackable0.0.0-dev

# Change directory into the druid-operator repository and update the
# product version in tests/test-definition.yaml
./scripts/run-tests --test-suite smoke-latest # or similar

Please consider updating this template if these instructions are wrong, or
could be made clearer.

[NickLarsenNZ]

@lfrancke, when you have a moment are you able to update this issue?
I believe we are just deciding whether to push ahead with a new authorizer (there are two newer versions), or leave it as is.