chore(superset): Update container images ahead of Stackable Release 24.11

[NickLarsenNZ]

Part of #831.

Remove 2.1.3, 3.1.0, 3.1.3.
Bump statsd_exporter to 1.27.0 (also in statsd_exporter/versions.py).

Tip

Please add the scheduled-for/20XX-XX label.

### Update tasks
- [x] Update `versions.py` to reflect the agreed upon versions in the spreadsheet (including the removal of old versions).
- [x] Create a new constraints file (see `superset/README.md`).
- [x] Create a file: `superset/stackable/patches/x.y.z/.gitkeep`, add patches if applicable.
- [x] Delete old constraint files and patch directories.
- [x] Update other dependencies if applicable (eg: python, auth_lib, etc).
- [x] Check other operators (getting_started / kuttl) for usage of the versions. Add the PR(s) to the list below.
- [x] Update the version in demos. Add the PR(s) to the list below.

### Related Pull Requests
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/docker-images/pull/866
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/superset-operator/pull/537
- [x] None. [was: _Link to any other operator PRs (getting_started / kuttl)_]
- [x] None. [_Link to demo PR (raise against the `next` branch)_]

### Acceptance
- [x] Can build image locally
- [x] Kuttl smoke tests passes locally

Testing instructions

# See the latest version at https://pypi.org/project/image-tools-stackabletech/
pip install image-tools-stackabletech==0.0.12

bake --product superset=x.y.z # where x.y.z is the new version added in this PR

kind load docker-image docker.stackable.tech/stackable/superset:x.y.z-stackable0.0.0-dev

# Change directory into the superset-operator repository and update the
# product version in tests/test-definition.yaml
./scripts/run-tests --test-suite smoke-latest # or similar

Please consider updating this template if these instructions are wrong, or
could be made clearer.