Merge pull request #3223 from stan-dev/tbb-clang21.1-patch

Patch TBB's out-of-range enum usage for clang 21.1

Author: WardBrian

lib/tbb_2020.3/STAN_CHANGES

@@ -13,4 +13,5 @@ This file documents changes done for the stan-math project
   - build/windows.gcc.inc
     - L84 Wrapped the use of `-flifetime-dse` flag in conditional on non-WINARM64
     - L101 Wrapped the use of `-msse` in conditional on non-WINARM64
-    
+
+- Added variants to the `kind_type` enum to prevent creation of out-of-range values

lib/tbb_2020.3/include/tbb/task.h

@@ -376,7 +376,10 @@ class task_group_context : internal::no_copy {
 public:
     enum kind_type {
         isolated,
-        bound
+        bound,
+        kind_complete,
+        kind_detached,
+        kind_dying
     };
 
     enum traits_type {