feat: add random/strided/t

Closes: #890

Author: kgryte

lib/node_modules/@stdlib/random/strided/t/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+<!--
+
+@license Apache-2.0
+
+Copyright (c) 2024 The Stdlib Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+
+-->
+
+# Student's t Random Numbers
+
+> Fill a strided array with pseudorandom numbers drawn from a [Student's t][@stdlib/random/base/t]-distribution.
+
+<section class="usage">
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var t = require( '@stdlib/random/strided/t' );
+```
+
+#### t( N, v, sv, out, so )
+
+Fills a strided array with pseudorandom numbers drawn from a [Student's t][@stdlib/random/base/t]-distribution.
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+// Create an array:
+var out = new Float64Array( 10 );
+
+// Fill the array with pseudorandom numbers:
+t( out.length, [ 2.0 ], 0, out, 1 );
+```
+
+The function has the following parameters:
+
+-   **N**: number of indexed elements.
+-   **v**: rate parameter.
+-   **sv**: index increment for `v`.
+-   **out**: output array.
+-   **so**: index increment for `out`.
+
+The `N` and stride parameters determine which strided array elements are accessed at runtime. For example, to access every other value in `out`,
+
+```javascript
+var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+t( 3, [ 2.0 ], 0, out, 2 );
+```
+
+Note that indexing is relative to the first index. To introduce an offset, use [`typed array`][mdn-typed-array] views.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable stdlib/capitalized-comments -->
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+// Initial array:
+var v0 = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0 ] );
+
+// Create offset view:
+var v1 = new Float64Array( v0.buffer, v0.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT*3 ); // start at 4th element
+
+// Create an output array:
+var out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+
+// Fill the output array:
+t( out.length, v1, -1, out, 1 );
+```
+
+#### t.ndarray( N, v, sv, ov, out, so, oo )
+
+Fills a strided array with pseudorandom numbers drawn from a [Student's t][@stdlib/random/base/t]-distribution using alternative indexing semantics.
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+// Create an array:
+var out = new Float64Array( 10 );
+
+// Fill the array with pseudorandom numbers:
+t.ndarray( out.length, [ 2.0 ], 0, 0, out, 1, 0 );
+```
+
+The function has the following additional parameters:
+
+-   **ov**: starting index for `v`.
+-   **oo**: starting index for `out`.
+
+While [`typed array`][mdn-typed-array] views mandate a view offset based on the underlying `buffer`, the offset parameters support indexing semantics based on starting indices. For example, to access every other value in `out` starting from the second value,
+
+```javascript
+var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+t.ndarray( 3, [ 2.0 ], 0, 0, out, 2, 1 );
+```
+
+#### t.factory( \[options] )
+
+Returns a function for filling strided arrays with pseudorandom numbers drawn from a [Student's t][@stdlib/random/base/t]-distribution.
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+var random = t.factory();
+// returns <Function>
+
+// Create an array:
+var out = new Float64Array( 10 );
+
+// Fill the array with pseudorandom numbers:
+random( out.length, [ 2.0 ], 0, out, 1 );
+```
+
+The function accepts the following `options`:
+
+-   **prng**: pseudorandom number generator for generating uniformly distributed pseudorandom numbers on the interval `[0,1)`. If provided, the function **ignores** both the `state` and `seed` options. In order to seed the underlying pseudorandom number generator, one must seed the provided `prng` (assuming the provided `prng` is seedable).
+-   **seed**: pseudorandom number generator seed.
+-   **state**: a [`Uint32Array`][@stdlib/array/uint32] containing pseudorandom number generator state. If provided, the function ignores the `seed` option.
+-   **copy**: `boolean` indicating whether to copy a provided pseudorandom number generator state. Setting this option to `false` allows sharing state between two or more pseudorandom number generators. Setting this option to `true` ensures that an underlying generator has exclusive control over its internal state. Default: `true`.
+
+To use a custom PRNG as the underlying source of uniformly distributed pseudorandom numbers, set the `prng` option.
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var minstd = require( '@stdlib/random/base/minstd' );
+
+var opts = {
+    'prng': minstd.normalized
+};
+var random = t.factory( opts );
+
+var out = new Float64Array( 10 );
+random( out.length, [ 2.0 ], 0, out, 1 );
+```
+
+To seed the underlying pseudorandom number generator, set the `seed` option.
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+var opts = {
+    'seed': 12345
+};
+var random = t.factory( opts );
+
+var out = new Float64Array( 10 );
+random( out.length, [ 2.0 ], 0, out, 1 );
+```
+
+* * *
+
+#### random.PRNG
+
+The underlying pseudorandom number generator.
+
+```javascript
+var prng = t.PRNG;
+// returns <Function>
+```
+
+#### t.seed
+
+The value used to seed the underlying pseudorandom number generator.
+
+```javascript
+var seed = t.seed;
+// returns <Uint32Array>
+```
+
+If the `factory` method is provided a PRNG for uniformly distributed numbers, the associated property value on the returned function is `null`.
+
+```javascript
+var minstd = require( '@stdlib/random/base/minstd-shuffle' ).normalized;
+
+var random = t.factory({
+    'prng': minstd
+});
+// returns <Function>
+
+var seed = random.seed;
+// returns null
+```
+
+#### t.seedLength
+
+Length of underlying pseudorandom number generator seed.
+
+```javascript
+var len = t.seedLength;
+// returns <number>
+```
+
+If the `factory` method is provided a PRNG for uniformly distributed numbers, the associated property value on the returned function is `null`.
+
+```javascript
+var minstd = require( '@stdlib/random/base/minstd-shuffle' ).normalized;
+
+var random = t.factory({
+    'prng': minstd
+});
+// returns <Function>
+
+var len = random.seedLength;
+// returns null
+```
+
+#### t.state
+
+Writable property for getting and setting the underlying pseudorandom number generator state.
+
+```javascript
+var state = t.state;
+// returns <Uint32Array>
+```
+
+If the `factory` method is provided a PRNG for uniformly distributed numbers, the associated property value on the returned function is `null`.
+
+```javascript
+var minstd = require( '@stdlib/random/base/minstd-shuffle' ).normalized;
+
+var random = t.factory({
+    'prng': minstd
+});
+// returns <Function>
+
+var state = random.state;
+// returns null
+```
+
+#### t.stateLength
+
+Length of underlying pseudorandom number generator state.
+
+```javascript
+var len = t.stateLength;
+// returns <number>
+```
+
+If the `factory` method is provided a PRNG for uniformly distributed numbers, the associated property value on the returned function is `null`.
+
+```javascript
+var minstd = require( '@stdlib/random/base/minstd-shuffle' ).normalized;
+
+var random = t.factory({
+    'prng': minstd
+});
+// returns <Function>
+
+var len = random.stateLength;
+// returns null
+```
+
+#### t.byteLength
+
+Size (in bytes) of underlying pseudorandom number generator state.
+
+```javascript
+var sz = t.byteLength;
+// returns <number>
+```
+
+If the `factory` method is provided a PRNG for uniformly distributed numbers, the associated property value on the returned function is `null`.
+
+```javascript
+var minstd = require( '@stdlib/random/base/minstd-shuffle' ).normalized;
+
+var random = t.factory({
+    'prng': minstd
+});
+// returns <Function>
+
+var sz = random.byteLength;
+// returns null
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.usage -->
+
+<section class="notes">
+
+* * *
+
+## Notes
+
+-   If `N <= 0`, both `t` and `t.ndarray` leave the output array unchanged.
+-   Both `t` and `t.ndarray` support array-like objects having getter and setter accessors for array element access.
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.notes -->
+
+<section class="examples">
+
+* * *
+
+## Examples
+
+<!-- eslint no-undef: "error" -->
+
+```javascript
+var zeros = require( '@stdlib/array/zeros' );
+var zeroTo = require( '@stdlib/array/zero-to' );
+var logEach = require( '@stdlib/console/log-each' );
+var t = require( '@stdlib/random/strided/t' );
+
+// Specify a PRNG seed:
+var opts = {
+    'seed': 1234
+};
+
+// Create a seeded PRNG:
+var rand1 = t.factory( opts );
+
+// Create an array:
+var x1 = zeros( 10, 'float64' );
+
+// Fill the array with pseudorandom numbers:
+rand1( x1.length, [ 2.0 ], 0, x1, 1 );
+
+// Create another function for filling strided arrays:
+var rand2 = t.factory( opts );
+// returns <Function>
+
+// Create a second array:
+var x2 = zeros( 10, 'generic' );
+
+// Fill the array with the same pseudorandom numbers:
+rand2( x2.length, [ 2.0 ], 0, x2, 1 );
+
+// Create a list of indices:
+var idx = zeroTo( x1.length, 'generic' );
+
+// Print the array contents:
+logEach( 'x1[%d] = %.2f; x2[%d] = %.2f', idx, x1, idx, x2 );
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.examples -->
+
+<!-- Section for related `stdlib` packages. Do not manually edit this section, as it is automatically populated. -->
+
+<section class="related">
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.related -->
+
+<!-- Section for all links. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->
+
+<section class="links">
+
+[mdn-typed-array]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray
+
+[@stdlib/random/base/t]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/random/base/t
+
+[@stdlib/array/uint32]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/array/uint32
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.links -->