pythongh-140067: Fix memory leak in sub-interpreter creation (python#140111) (python#140261)

Fix memory leak in sub-interpreter creation caused by overwriting of the previously used `_malloced` field. Now the pointer is stored in the first word of the memory block to avoid it being overwritten accidentally. 

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <[email protected]>

Author: kumaraditya303

Include/internal/pycore_interp_structs.h

@@ -769,12 +769,6 @@ struct _is {
      * and should be placed at the beginning. */
     struct _ceval_state ceval;
 
-    /* This structure is carefully allocated so that it's correctly aligned
-     * to avoid undefined behaviors during LOAD and STORE. The '_malloced'
-     * field stores the allocated pointer address that will later be freed.
-     */
-    void *_malloced;
-
     PyInterpreterState *next;
 
     int64_t id;

Lib/test/test_threading.py

@@ -1776,6 +1776,7 @@ def task():
         self.assertEqual(os.read(r_interp, 1), DONE)
 
     @cpython_only
+    @support.skip_if_sanitizer(thread=True, memory=True)
     def test_daemon_threads_fatal_error(self):
         import_module("_testcapi")
         subinterp_code = f"""if 1:

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-10-14-17-07-37.gh-issue-140067.ID2gOm.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix memory leak in sub-interpreter creation.

Python/pystate.c

@@ -457,16 +457,19 @@ _PyInterpreterState_Enable(_PyRuntimeState *runtime)
 static PyInterpreterState *
 alloc_interpreter(void)
 {
+    // Aligned allocation for PyInterpreterState.
+    // the first word of the memory block is used to store
+    // the original pointer to be used later to free the memory.
     size_t alignment = _Alignof(PyInterpreterState);
-    size_t allocsize = sizeof(PyInterpreterState) + alignment - 1;
+    size_t allocsize = sizeof(PyInterpreterState) + sizeof(void *) + alignment - 1;
     void *mem = PyMem_RawCalloc(1, allocsize);
     if (mem == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = _Py_ALIGN_UP(mem, alignment);
-    assert(_Py_IS_ALIGNED(interp, alignment));
-    interp->_malloced = mem;
-    return interp;
+    void *ptr = _Py_ALIGN_UP((char *)mem + sizeof(void *), alignment);
+    ((void **)ptr)[-1] = mem;
+    assert(_Py_IS_ALIGNED(ptr, alignment));
+    return ptr;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -481,7 +484,7 @@ free_interpreter(PyInterpreterState *interp)
             interp->obmalloc = NULL;
         }
         assert(_Py_IS_ALIGNED(interp, _Alignof(PyInterpreterState)));
-        PyMem_RawFree(interp->_malloced);
+        PyMem_RawFree(((void **)interp)[-1]);
     }
 }