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Cristopher-Morales
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Merge branch 'master' into feature_FLUID_MIXTURE
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_docs/Mesh-File.md

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## CGNS Format
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To make creating your own meshes easier and more accessible, support for the open CGNS data standard has been included within SU2. The main advantage gained is that complex meshes created in a third-party software package (one that supports unstructured, single-zone CGNS file export) can be used directly within SU2 without the need for conversion to the native format. Moreover, as CGNS is a binary format, the size of the mesh files can be significantly reduced. If needed, a converter from CGNS to the SU2 format has been built into SU2 (See the [inviscid wedge tutorial](../tutorials/Inviscid_Wedge)).
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To make creating your own meshes easier and more accessible, support for the open CGNS data standard has been included within SU2. The main advantage gained is that complex meshes created in a third-party software package (one that supports unstructured, single-zone CGNS file export) can be used directly within SU2 without the need for conversion to the native format. Moreover, as CGNS is a binary format, the size of the mesh files can be significantly reduced. If needed, a converter from CGNS to the SU2 format has been built into SU2 (See the [inviscid wedge tutorial](../../tutorials/Inviscid_Wedge)).
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### Compiling with CGNS Support
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_docs_v7/Build-SU2-Linux-MacOS.md

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However, that may not result in optimum performance, for example with the GNU compilers level 2 and the extra flag `-funroll-loops` results in better performance for most problems.
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Some numerical schemes support vectorization (see which ones in the Convective Schemes page), to make the most out of it the compiler needs to be informed of the target CPU architecture, so it knows what "kind of vectorization" it can generate (256 or 512bit, 128bit being the default).
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With gcc, clang, and icc this can be done via the `-march=??` and `-mtune=??` options, where `??` needs to be set appropriately e.g. `skylake`, `ryzen`, etc., these flags can be passed to the compiler by setting `CXXFLAGS` before first running meson (which will print some messages acknowledging the flags).
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With gcc, clang, and icc this can be done via the `-march=??` and `-mtune=??` options, where `??` needs to be set appropriately e.g. `skylake`, `znver3`, etc., these flags can be passed to the compiler by setting `CXXFLAGS` before first running meson (which will print some messages acknowledging the flags).
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#### Warning level ####
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_docs_v7/Theory.md

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- [Compressible Navier-Stokes](#compressible-navier-stokes)
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- [Compressible Euler](#compressible-euler)
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- [Thermochemical Nonequilibrium Navier-Stokes](#thermochemical-nonequilibrium-navier-stokes)
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- [Thermochemical Nonequilibrium Euler](#thermochemical-nonequilibrium-euler)
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- [Incompressible Navier-Stokes](#incompressible-navier-stokes)
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- [Incompressible Euler](#incompressible-euler)
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- [Turbulence Modeling](#turbulence-modeling)
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---
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# Thermochemical Nonequilibrium Navier-Stokes #
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| Solver | Version |
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| --- | --- |
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| `NEMO_NAVIER_STOKES` | 7.0.0 |
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To simulate hypersonic flows in thermochemical nonequilibrium, SU2-NEMO solves the Navier-Stokes equations for reacting flows, expressed in differential form as
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$$ \mathcal{R}(U) = \frac{\partial U}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot \bar{F}^{c}(U) - \nabla \cdot \bar{F}^{v}(U,\nabla U) - S = 0 $$
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where the conservative variables are the working variables and given by
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$$U = \left \{ \rho_{1}, \dots, \rho_{n_s}, \rho \bar{v}, \rho E, \rho E_{ve} \right \}^\mathsf{T}$$
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$$S$$ is a source term composed of
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$$S = \left \{ \dot{w}_{1}, \dots, \dot{w}_{n_s}, \mathbf{0}, 0, \dot{\theta}_{tr:ve} + \sum_s \dot{w}_s E_{ve,s} \right \}^\mathsf{T}$$
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and the convective and viscous fluxes are
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$$\bar{F}^{c} = \left \{ \begin{array}{c} \rho_{1} \bar{v} \\ \vdots \\ \rho_{n_s} \bar{v} \\ \rho \bar{v} \otimes \bar{v} + \bar{\bar{I}} p \\ \rho E \bar{v} + p \bar{v} \\ \rho E_{ve} \bar{v} \end{array} \right \}$$
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and
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$$\bar{F}^{v} = \left \{ \begin{array}{c} \\- \bar{J}_1 \\ \vdots \\ - \bar{J}_{n_s} \\ \bar{\bar{\tau}} \\ \bar{\bar{\tau}} \cdot \bar{v} + \sum_k \kappa_k \nabla T_k - \sum_s \bar{J}_s h_s \\ \kappa_{ve} \nabla T_{ve} - \sum_s \bar{J}_s E_{ve} \end{array} \right \}$$
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In the equations above, the notation is is largely the same as for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. An individual mass conservation equation is introduced for each chemical species, indexed by $$s \in \{1,\dots,n_s\}$$. Each conservation equation has an associated source term, $$\dot{w}_{s}$$ associated with the volumetric production rate of species $$s$$ due to chemical reactions occuring within the flow.
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Chemical production rates are given by $$ \dot{w}_s = M_s \sum_r (\beta_{s,r} - \alpha_{s,r})(R_{r}^{f} - R_{r}^{b}) $$
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where the forward and backward reaction rates are computed using an Arrhenius formulation.
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A two-temperature thermodynamic model is employed to model nonequilibrium between the translational-rotational and vibrational-electronic energy modes. As such, a separate energy equation is used to model vibrational-electronic energy transport. A source term associated with the relaxation of vibrational-electronic energy modes is modeled using a Landau-Teller formulation $$ \dot{\theta}_{tr:ve} = \sum _s \rho_s \frac{dE_{ve,s}}{dt} = \sum _s \rho_s \frac{E_{ve*,s} - E_{ve,s}}{\tau_s}. $$
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Transport properties for the multi-component mixture are evaluated using a Wilkes-Blottner-Eucken formulation.
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---
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# Thermochemical Nonequilibrium Euler #
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| Solver | Version |
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| --- | --- |
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| `NEMO_EULER` | 7.0.0 |
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To simulate inviscid hypersonic flows in thermochemical nonequilibrium, SU2-NEMO solves the Euler equations for reacting flows which can be obtained as a simplification of the thermochemical nonequilibrium Navier-Stokes equations in the absence of viscous effects. They can be expressed in differential form as
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$$ \mathcal{R}(U) = \frac{\partial U}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot \bar{F}^{c}(U) - S = 0 $$
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where the conservative variables are the working variables and given by
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$$U = \left \{ \rho_{1}, \dots, \rho_{n_s}, \rho \bar{v}, \rho E, \rho E_{ve} \right \}^\mathsf{T}$$
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$$S$$ is a source term composed of
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$$S = \left \{ \dot{w}_{1}, \dots, \dot{w}_{n_s}, \mathbf{0}, 0, \dot{\theta}_{tr:ve} + \sum_s \dot{w}_s E_{ve,s} \right \}^\mathsf{T}$$
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and the convective and viscous fluxes are
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$$\bar{F}^{c} = \left \{ \begin{array}{c} \rho_{1} \bar{v} \\ \vdots \\ \rho_{n_s} \bar{v} \\ \rho \bar{v} \otimes \bar{v} + \bar{\bar{I}} p \\ \rho E \bar{v} + p \bar{v} \\ \rho E_{ve} \bar{v} \end{array} \right \}$$
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# Incompressible Navier-Stokes #
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