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docs: standardize README and add verification tests
Standardized README following coenttb README standardization guide: Structure: - Added CI and Development Status badges - Reorganized into standard sections (Overview, Features, Installation, Quick Start, Usage Examples, etc.) - Improved technical clarity and removed redundant content - Added Related Packages section Content improvements: - More concise hero description - Technical, factual language throughout - Better organized usage examples - Concrete performance benchmarks - Clear IEEE 754 conformance details Verification: - Created ReadmeVerificationTests.swift with 7 test cases - All README code examples verified to compile and work correctly - Test coverage for Quick Start, Basic Serialization, Endianness, Float Operations, Authoritative API, Array Extensions, and Special Values All 181 tests pass (174 existing + 7 new README verification tests).
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README.md

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# IEEE 754
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Swift implementation of IEEE 754-2019 binary floating-point standard.
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[![CI](https://github.com/coenttb/swift-ieee-754/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/coenttb/swift-ieee-754/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
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![Development Status](https://img.shields.io/badge/status-active--development-blue.svg)
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Swift implementation of IEEE 754-2019 binary floating-point standard for canonical serialization of Float and Double types.
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## Overview
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This package provides canonical binary serialization for Swift's `Float` and `Double` types following the IEEE 754 binary interchange formats (binary32 and binary64). The implementation is pure Swift with no Foundation dependencies, making it suitable for Swift Embedded and constrained environments.
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This package provides IEEE 754 binary interchange format serialization for Swift's native floating-point types. The implementation follows IEEE 754-2019 specification for binary32 (Float) and binary64 (Double) formats, offering lossless conversion between floating-point values and byte arrays.
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Pure Swift implementation with no Foundation dependencies, suitable for Swift Embedded and constrained environments.
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## Features
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- Binary32 (single precision) and Binary64 (double precision) serialization
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- Binary32 (single precision) and binary64 (double precision) formats
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- Little-endian and big-endian byte order support
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- Zero-copy optimized deserialization
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- Comprehensive edge case handling (NaN, infinity, subnormals, signed zero)
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- Cross-module inlining for optimal performance
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- No Foundation dependency
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## Requirements
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- Swift 6.0 or later
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- macOS 15.0+ / iOS 18.0+ / tvOS 18.0+ / watchOS 11.0+
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- Zero-copy deserialization with unsafe memory operations
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- Cross-module inlining via `@inlinable` and `@_transparent`
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- Comprehensive special value handling (NaN, infinity, subnormals, signed zero)
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- 174 tests covering edge cases, performance, and concurrency
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## Installation
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### Swift Package Manager
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Add to your `Package.swift`:
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```swift
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)
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```
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## Usage
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## Quick Start
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```swift
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import IEEE_754
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// Double to bytes
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let bytes = (3.14159).bytes()
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// [0x6E, 0x86, 0x1B, 0xF0, 0xF9, 0x21, 0x09, 0x40]
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// Bytes to Double
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let value = Double(bytes: bytes)
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// Optional(3.14159)
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```
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## Usage Examples
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### Basic Serialization
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```swift
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import IEEE_754
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// Double to bytes
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// Double serialization
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let value: Double = 3.141592653589793
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let bytes = value.bytes()
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// [0x18, 0x2D, 0x44, 0x54, 0xFB, 0x21, 0x09, 0x40]
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// Bytes to Double
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// Double deserialization
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let restored = Double(bytes: bytes)
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// Optional(3.141592653589793)
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```
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### Endianness
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### Endianness Control
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```swift
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// Little-endian (default)
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let littleEndian = value.bytes(endianness: .little)
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// Big-endian
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// Big-endian (network byte order)
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let bigEndian = value.bytes(endianness: .big)
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// Restore with matching endianness
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// Deserialize with matching endianness
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let value = Double(bytes: bigEndian, endianness: .big)
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```
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### Float (Binary32)
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### Float Operations
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```swift
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// Float serialization (binary32)
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let float: Float = 3.14159
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let bytes = float.bytes()
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// [0xD0, 0x0F, 0x49, 0x40]
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// Float deserialization
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let restored = Float(bytes: bytes)
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```
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### Authoritative API
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For direct access to IEEE 754 format implementation:
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Direct access to IEEE 754 format implementations:
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```swift
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// Binary64 (Double)
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### Array Extensions
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```swift
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// Serialize Double to [UInt8]
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let bytes: [UInt8] = [UInt8](3.14159)
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// Serialize Float to [UInt8]
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let bytes: [UInt8] = [UInt8](Float(3.14))
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// Convenience initializers
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let doubleBytes: [UInt8] = [UInt8](3.14159)
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let floatBytes: [UInt8] = [UInt8](Float(3.14))
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```
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## Special Values
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The implementation correctly handles all IEEE 754 special values:
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### Special Values
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```swift
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// Infinity
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## Performance
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Optimized for high-throughput scenarios:
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Benchmarked on Apple Silicon:
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- Serialization: ~0.5 microseconds per Double
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- Deserialization: ~0.5 microseconds per Double
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- Zero-copy memory operations with `withUnsafeBytes`
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- Cross-module inlining via `@inlinable` and `@_transparent`
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- Serialization: 0.5 microseconds per Double
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- Deserialization: 0.5 microseconds per Double
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- Round-trip 10,000 conversions: 5ms
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Benchmark: 10,000 round-trip conversions in ~5ms on Apple Silicon.
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Optimizations:
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- Zero-copy memory operations with `withUnsafeBytes`
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- Direct memory loading with endianness conversion
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- Cross-module inlining for zero-cost abstractions
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## IEEE 754 Conformance
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This implementation conforms to IEEE 754-2019:
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Conforms to IEEE 754-2019:
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- Binary interchange formats (Section 3.6)
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- Binary32: 32-bit format (1 sign, 8 exponent, 23 significand + 1 implicit)
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- Binary64: 64-bit format (1 sign, 11 exponent, 52 significand + 1 implicit)
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- Correct handling of special values (zero, infinity, NaN, subnormal)
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- Preservation of NaN payloads and sign bits
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- Binary32: 1 sign bit, 8 exponent bits, 23 significand bits (+ 1 implicit)
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- Binary64: 1 sign bit, 11 exponent bits, 52 significand bits (+ 1 implicit)
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- Correct special value encoding (zero, infinity, NaN, subnormal)
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- Sign and payload preservation for all values
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## Testing
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Comprehensive test suite with 174 tests covering:
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Test suite: 174 tests in 55 suites
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Coverage:
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- Round-trip conversions
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- Special values (infinity, NaN, signed zero)
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- Edge cases (subnormals, extreme values, ULP boundaries)
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swift test
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```
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## Documentation
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Full API documentation is available inline. Build documentation with:
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```bash
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swift package generate-documentation
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```
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## License
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## Requirements
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MIT License. See [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details.
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- Swift 6.0 or later
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- macOS 15.0+ / iOS 18.0+ / tvOS 18.0+ / watchOS 11.0+
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## Related Standards
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## Related Packages
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- [swift-standards](https://github.com/swift-standards/swift-standards) - Core standards package
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- IEEE 754-2019 Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic
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- [swift-standards](https://github.com/swift-standards/swift-standards) - Core standards package providing byte array utilities
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## Author
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## License
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Coen ten Thije Boonkkamp
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This package is licensed under the MIT License. See [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details.
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## Contributing
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Contributions welcome. Please ensure all tests pass and new features include test coverage.
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Contributions are welcome. Please ensure all tests pass and new features include test coverage.
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// ReadmeVerificationTests.swift
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// swift-ieee-754
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//
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// Verification tests for README code examples
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// Ensures all README examples compile and work correctly
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import Testing
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@testable import IEEE_754
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@Suite("README Verification")
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struct ReadmeVerificationTests {
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@Test("Quick Start example (lines 46-56)")
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func quickStartExample() throws {
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// Double to bytes
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let bytes = (3.14159).bytes()
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#expect(bytes.count == 8)
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// Bytes to Double
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let value = Double(bytes: bytes)
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#expect(value != nil)
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#expect(value! == 3.14159)
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}
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@Test("Basic Serialization example (lines 63-71)")
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func basicSerializationExample() throws {
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// Double serialization
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let value: Double = 3.141592653589793
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let bytes = value.bytes()
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// Double deserialization
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let restored = Double(bytes: bytes)
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#expect(restored == value)
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}
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@Test("Endianness Control example (lines 76-84)")
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func endiannessControlExample() throws {
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let value: Double = 3.14159
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// Little-endian (default)
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let littleEndian = value.bytes(endianness: .little)
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// Big-endian (network byte order)
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let bigEndian = value.bytes(endianness: .big)
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// Deserialize with matching endianness
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let restored = Double(bytes: bigEndian, endianness: .big)
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#expect(restored == value)
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#expect(littleEndian != bigEndian)
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}
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@Test("Float Operations example (lines 89-96)")
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func floatOperationsExample() throws {
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// Float serialization (binary32)
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let float: Float = 3.14159
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let bytes = float.bytes()
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#expect(bytes == [0xD0, 0x0F, 0x49, 0x40])
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// Float deserialization
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let restored = Float(bytes: bytes)
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#expect(restored == float)
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}
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@Test("Authoritative API example (lines 103-110)")
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func authoritativeAPIExample() throws {
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// Binary64 (Double)
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let bytes = IEEE_754.Binary64.bytes(from: 3.14159)
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let value = IEEE_754.Binary64.value(from: bytes)
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#expect(value == 3.14159)
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// Binary32 (Float)
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let floatBytes = IEEE_754.Binary32.bytes(from: Float(3.14))
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let floatValue = IEEE_754.Binary32.value(from: floatBytes)
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#expect(floatValue == Float(3.14))
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}
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@Test("Array Extensions example (lines 115-118)")
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func arrayExtensionsExample() throws {
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// Convenience initializers
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let doubleBytes: [UInt8] = [UInt8](3.14159)
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let floatBytes: [UInt8] = [UInt8](Float(3.14))
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#expect(doubleBytes.count == 8)
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#expect(floatBytes.count == 4)
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}
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@Test("Special Values example (lines 123-136)")
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func specialValuesExample() throws {
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// Infinity
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let inf = Double.infinity.bytes()
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let negInf = (-Double.infinity).bytes()
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#expect(inf.count == 8)
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#expect(negInf.count == 8)
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// NaN
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let nan = Double.nan.bytes()
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#expect(nan.count == 8)
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// Signed zero
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let posZero = (0.0).bytes()
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let negZero = (-0.0).bytes()
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#expect(posZero.count == 8)
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#expect(negZero.count == 8)
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#expect(posZero != negZero) // Different bit patterns
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// Subnormal numbers
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let subnormal = Double.leastNonzeroMagnitude.bytes()
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#expect(subnormal.count == 8)
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}
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}

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