[ConstraintSystem] Don't produce argument info object for extraneous arguments

An extraneous argument doesn't have a corresponding parameter so the
information object for such an argument is not safe to produce.

Resolves: #60436
Resolves: rdar://98304482

Author: xedin

include/swift/Sema/ConstraintSystem.h

@@ -715,14 +715,30 @@ class FunctionArgApplyInfo {
   FunctionType *FnType;
   const ValueDecl *Callee;
 
-public:
   FunctionArgApplyInfo(ArgumentList *argList, Expr *argExpr, unsigned argIdx,
                        Type argType, unsigned paramIdx, Type fnInterfaceType,
                        FunctionType *fnType, const ValueDecl *callee)
       : ArgList(argList), ArgExpr(argExpr), ArgIdx(argIdx), ArgType(argType),
         ParamIdx(paramIdx), FnInterfaceType(fnInterfaceType), FnType(fnType),
         Callee(callee) {}
 
+public:
+  static Optional<FunctionArgApplyInfo>
+  get(ArgumentList *argList, Expr *argExpr, unsigned argIdx, Type argType,
+      unsigned paramIdx, Type fnInterfaceType, FunctionType *fnType,
+      const ValueDecl *callee) {
+    assert(fnType);
+
+    if (argIdx >= argList->size())
+      return None;
+
+    if (paramIdx >= fnType->getNumParams())
+      return None;
+
+    return FunctionArgApplyInfo(argList, argExpr, argIdx, argType, paramIdx,
+                                fnInterfaceType, fnType, callee);
+  }
+
   /// \returns The list of the arguments used for this application.
   ArgumentList *getArgList() const { return ArgList; }
 

lib/Sema/ConstraintSystem.cpp

@@ -5682,9 +5682,9 @@ Solution::getFunctionArgApplyInfo(ConstraintLocator *locator) const {
   auto argIdx = applyArgElt->getArgIdx();
   auto paramIdx = applyArgElt->getParamIdx();
 
-  return FunctionArgApplyInfo(argList, argExpr, argIdx,
-                              simplifyType(getType(argExpr)), paramIdx,
-                              fnInterfaceType, fnType, callee);
+  return FunctionArgApplyInfo::get(argList, argExpr, argIdx,
+                                   simplifyType(getType(argExpr)), paramIdx,
+                                   fnInterfaceType, fnType, callee);
 }
 
 bool constraints::isKnownKeyPathType(Type type) {

test/Constraints/argument_matching.swift

@@ -1802,3 +1802,11 @@ do {
   // expected-error@-1 {{cannot convert value of type 'Bool' to expected argument type 'String'}}
   // expected-error@-2 {{missing argument label 'file:' in call}}
 }
+
+// https://github.com/apple/swift/issues/60436
+func test_extraneous_argument_with_inout() {
+  func test(_: Int) {}
+
+  var x: Int = 0
+  test(42, &x) // expected-error {{extra argument in call}}
+}