[ConstraintSystem] Increase score only if members found on Optional and its unwrapped type

Unresolved member lookup is allowed to perform implicit optional
unwrap of a base type to find members. Previously if there were
any members directly on `Optional`, lookup would stop there. But
since SR-13815 it became possible for solver to attempt members
found on unwrapped type even if there are viable ones on
`Optional` as well.

New score kind has been introduced to guard against possible ambiguities
with new scheme - `SK_UnresolvedMemberViaOptional`. It's used very
time member found via base type unwrap is attempted. Unfortunately,
doing so can lead to behavior changes in existing code because it's
possible that base was wrapped into optional implicitly based on
context e.g. unresolved member passed in as an argument to a parameter
of optional type.

To fix situations like that, `SK_UnresolvedMemberViaOptional` should
only be increased if there is a mix of members to attempt - both directly
on `Optional` and on unwrapped type, in all other cases score should stay
the same because there could be no ambiguity.

Resolves: rdar://73027153
(cherry picked from commit 51dc7fdefab230d76518b97f9074a3f98e1fd0c3)

Author: xedin

include/swift/Sema/OverloadChoice.h

@@ -73,9 +73,14 @@ class OverloadChoice {
     /// optional context type, turning a "Decl" kind into
     /// "DeclViaUnwrappedOptional".
     IsDeclViaUnwrappedOptional = 0x02,
+    /// Indicates that there are viable members found on `Optional`
+    /// type and its underlying type. And current overload choice
+    /// is a backup one, which should be picked only if members
+    /// found directly on `Optional` do not match.
+    IsFallbackDeclViaUnwrappedOptional = 0x03,
     /// Indicates that this declaration was dynamic, turning a
     /// "Decl" kind into "DeclViaDynamic" kind.
-    IsDeclViaDynamic = 0x03,
+    IsDeclViaDynamic = 0x07,
   };
 
   /// The base type to be used when referencing the declaration
@@ -175,17 +180,23 @@ class OverloadChoice {
 
   /// Retrieve an overload choice for a declaration that was found
   /// by unwrapping an optional context type.
+  ///
+  /// \param isFallback Indicates that this result should be used
+  /// as a backup, if member found directly on `Optional` doesn't
+  /// match.
   static OverloadChoice
-  getDeclViaUnwrappedOptional(Type base, ValueDecl *value,
+  getDeclViaUnwrappedOptional(Type base, ValueDecl *value, bool isFallback,
                               FunctionRefKind functionRefKind) {
     OverloadChoice result;
     result.BaseAndDeclKind.setPointer(base);
-    result.BaseAndDeclKind.setInt(IsDeclViaUnwrappedOptional);
+    result.BaseAndDeclKind.setInt(isFallback
+                                      ? IsFallbackDeclViaUnwrappedOptional
+                                      : IsDeclViaUnwrappedOptional);
     result.DeclOrKind = value;
     result.TheFunctionRefKind = functionRefKind;
     return result;
   }
-  
+
   /// Retrieve an overload choice for a declaration that was found via
   /// dynamic member lookup. The `ValueDecl` is a `subscript(dynamicMember:)`
   /// method.
@@ -219,6 +230,7 @@ class OverloadChoice {
       case IsDeclViaBridge: return OverloadChoiceKind::DeclViaBridge;
       case IsDeclViaDynamic: return OverloadChoiceKind::DeclViaDynamic;
       case IsDeclViaUnwrappedOptional:
+      case IsFallbackDeclViaUnwrappedOptional:
         return OverloadChoiceKind::DeclViaUnwrappedOptional;
       default: return OverloadChoiceKind::Decl;
       }
@@ -256,6 +268,12 @@ class OverloadChoice {
     return getKind() == OverloadChoiceKind::KeyPathDynamicMemberLookup;
   }
 
+  /// Determine whether this member is a backup in case
+  /// members found directly on `Optional` didn't match.
+  bool isFallbackMemberOnUnwrappedBase() const {
+    return BaseAndDeclKind.getInt() == IsFallbackDeclViaUnwrappedOptional;
+  }
+
   /// Get the name of the overload choice.
   DeclName getName() const;
 

lib/Sema/CSSimplify.cpp

@@ -6666,8 +6666,9 @@ performMemberLookup(ConstraintKind constraintKind, DeclNameRef memberName,
 
   // Local function that turns a ValueDecl into a properly configured
   // OverloadChoice.
-  auto getOverloadChoice = [&](ValueDecl *cand, bool isBridged,
-                               bool isUnwrappedOptional) -> OverloadChoice {
+  auto getOverloadChoice =
+      [&](ValueDecl *cand, bool isBridged, bool isUnwrappedOptional,
+          bool isFallbackUnwrap = false) -> OverloadChoice {
     // If we're looking into an existential type, check whether this
     // result was found via dynamic lookup.
     if (instanceTy->isAnyObject()) {
@@ -6688,8 +6689,9 @@ performMemberLookup(ConstraintKind constraintKind, DeclNameRef memberName,
       auto ovlBaseTy = MetatypeType::get(baseTy->castTo<MetatypeType>()
                                              ->getInstanceType()
                                              ->getOptionalObjectType());
-      return OverloadChoice::getDeclViaUnwrappedOptional(ovlBaseTy, cand,
-                                                         functionRefKind);
+      return OverloadChoice::getDeclViaUnwrappedOptional(
+          ovlBaseTy, cand,
+          /*isFallback=*/isFallbackUnwrap, functionRefKind);
     }
 
     // While looking for subscript choices it's possible to find
@@ -6713,7 +6715,7 @@ performMemberLookup(ConstraintKind constraintKind, DeclNameRef memberName,
 
     return OverloadChoice(baseTy, cand, functionRefKind);
   };
-  
+
   // Add all results from this lookup.
   for (auto result : lookup)
     addChoice(getOverloadChoice(result.getValueDecl(),
@@ -6796,11 +6798,16 @@ performMemberLookup(ConstraintKind constraintKind, DeclNameRef memberName,
       }
 
       if (objectType->mayHaveMembers()) {
+        // If there are viable members directly on `Optional`, let's
+        // prioritize them any mark any results found on wrapped type
+        // as a fallback results.
+        bool isFallback = !result.ViableCandidates.empty();
         LookupResult &optionalLookup = lookupMember(objectType, memberName);
         for (auto result : optionalLookup)
           addChoice(getOverloadChoice(result.getValueDecl(),
-                                      /*bridged*/false,
-                                      /*isUnwrappedOptional=*/true));
+                                      /*bridged*/ false,
+                                      /*isUnwrappedOptional=*/true,
+                                      /*isUnwrapFallback=*/isFallback));
       }
     }
   }

lib/Sema/ConstraintSystem.cpp

@@ -2798,8 +2798,7 @@ void ConstraintSystem::resolveOverload(ConstraintLocator *locator,
     increaseScore(SK_DisfavoredOverload);
   }
 
-  if (choice.getKind() == OverloadChoiceKind::DeclViaUnwrappedOptional &&
-      locator->isLastElement<LocatorPathElt::UnresolvedMember>()) {
+  if (choice.isFallbackMemberOnUnwrappedBase()) {
     increaseScore(SK_UnresolvedMemberViaOptional);
   }
 }

test/Constraints/sr13815.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// RUN: %target-typecheck-verify-swift
+
+// SR-13815
+
+enum E {
+case foo(String)
+}
+
+struct Test {
+  var bar: E?
+}
+
+struct S {
+  func evaluate(_: Test) -> [Test] {
+    return []
+  }
+
+  func test(set: Set<String>)  {
+    let flattened = set.flatMap { element in
+      evaluate(Test(bar: .foo(element)))
+    }
+
+    let _: [Test] = flattened // Ok (find .`bar` after unwrap)
+  }
+}