[Sema] Diagnose misplaced InOutExpr in preCheckExpression

It's much easier to diagnose structural problems related to
use of InOutExpr when AST is formed.

(cherry picked from commit 3149e2d)

Author: xedin

lib/Sema/TypeCheckConstraints.cpp

@@ -852,6 +852,8 @@ namespace {
     TypeChecker &TC;
     DeclContext *DC;
 
+    Expr *ParentExpr;
+
     /// A stack of expressions being walked, used to determine where to
     /// insert RebindSelfInConstructorExpr nodes.
     llvm::SmallVector<Expr *, 8> ExprStack;
@@ -880,7 +882,8 @@ namespace {
     void resolveKeyPathExpr(KeyPathExpr *KPE);
 
   public:
-    PreCheckExpression(TypeChecker &tc, DeclContext *dc) : TC(tc), DC(dc) { }
+    PreCheckExpression(TypeChecker &tc, DeclContext *dc, Expr *parent)
+        : TC(tc), DC(dc), ParentExpr(parent) {}
 
     bool walkToClosureExprPre(ClosureExpr *expr);
 
@@ -941,6 +944,43 @@ namespace {
         return finish(true, expr);
       }
 
+      // Let's try to figure out if `InOutExpr` is out of place early
+      // otherwise there is a risk of producing solutions which can't
+      // be later applied to AST and would result in the crash in some
+      // cases. Such expressions are only allowed in argument positions
+      // of function/operator calls.
+      if (isa<InOutExpr>(expr)) {
+        // If this is an implicit `inout` expression we assume that
+        // compiler knowns what it's doing.
+        if (expr->isImplicit())
+          return finish(true, expr);
+
+        if (TC.isExprBeingDiagnosed(ParentExpr) ||
+            TC.isExprBeingDiagnosed(expr))
+          return finish(true, expr);
+
+        auto parents = ParentExpr->getParentMap();
+
+        auto result = parents.find(expr);
+        if (result != parents.end()) {
+          auto *parent = result->getSecond();
+
+          if (isa<SequenceExpr>(parent))
+            return finish(true, expr);
+
+          if (isa<TupleExpr>(parent) || isa<ParenExpr>(parent)) {
+            auto call = parents.find(parent);
+            if (call != parents.end() &&
+                (isa<ApplyExpr>(call->getSecond()) ||
+                 isa<UnresolvedMemberExpr>(call->getSecond())))
+              return finish(true, expr);
+          }
+        }
+
+        TC.diagnose(expr->getStartLoc(), diag::extraneous_address_of);
+        return finish(false, nullptr);
+      }
+
       return finish(true, expr);
     }
 
@@ -1699,7 +1739,7 @@ CleanupIllFormedExpressionRAII::~CleanupIllFormedExpressionRAII() {
 /// Pre-check the expression, validating any types that occur in the
 /// expression and folding sequence expressions.
 bool TypeChecker::preCheckExpression(Expr *&expr, DeclContext *dc) {
-  PreCheckExpression preCheck(*this, dc);
+  PreCheckExpression preCheck(*this, dc, expr);
   // Perform the pre-check.
   if (auto result = expr->walk(preCheck)) {
     expr = result;

test/Constraints/rdar40945329.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// RUN: %target-typecheck-verify-swift
+
+class A {
+  static var a: Int = 0
+  static var b: Int = 42
+
+  func foo(_ ptr: UnsafeMutableRawPointer?) {
+    switch ptr {
+      case (&A.a)?: break
+      case (&A.b)?: break
+      default: break
+    }
+  }
+
+  func bar(_ ptr: UnsafeRawPointer) {
+    switch ptr {
+      case &A.a: break
+      case &A.b: break
+      default: break
+    }
+  }
+}

test/expr/expressions.swift

@@ -814,8 +814,8 @@ public struct TestPropMethodOverloadGroup {
 // <rdar://problem/18496742> Passing ternary operator expression as inout crashes Swift compiler
 func inoutTests(_ arr: inout Int) {
   var x = 1, y = 2
-  (true ? &x : &y) // expected-error 2 {{use of extraneous '&'}}
-  let a = (true ? &x : &y) // expected-error 2 {{use of extraneous '&'}}
+  (true ? &x : &y) // expected-error {{use of extraneous '&'}}
+  let a = (true ? &x : &y) // expected-error {{use of extraneous '&'}}
 
   inoutTests(true ? &x : &y) // expected-error {{use of extraneous '&'}}
 
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ func inoutTests(_ arr: inout Int) {
   inoutTests(&x)
 
   // <rdar://problem/17489894> inout not rejected as operand to assignment operator
-  &x += y  // expected-error {{'&' can only appear immediately in a call argument list}}}
+  &x += y  // expected-error {{'&' can only appear immediately in a call argument list}}
 
   // <rdar://problem/23249098>
   func takeAny(_ x: Any) {}