feature #24300 [HttpKernel][FrameworkBundle] Add a minimalist default PSR-3 logger (dunglas)

This PR was squashed before being merged into the 3.4 branch (closes #24300).

Discussion
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[HttpKernel][FrameworkBundle] Add a minimalist default PSR-3 logger

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Branch?       | 3.4
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | yes <!-- don't forget updating src/**/CHANGELOG.md files -->
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | no <!-- don't forget updating UPGRADE-*.md files -->
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | n/a
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | n/a

This PR provides a minimalist PSR-3 logger that is always available when FrameworkBundle is installed.
By default, it writes errors on `stderr`, regular logs on `stdout` and discards debug data (this is configurable).

This approach has several benefits:

- It's what expect from an app logging systems of major containerization and orchestration tools including [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/engine/admin/logging/view_container_logs/) and [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/), as well as most cloud providers such as [Heroku](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/logging#writing-to-your-log) and [Google Container Engine](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/logging-stackdriver/). If the app follows this standard (and it's not currently the case with Symfony by default) logs will be automatically collected, aggregated and stored.
- It's in sync with the "back to Unix roots" philosophy of Flex
- Logs are directly displayed in the console when running the integrated PHP web server (`bin/console server:start` or Flex's `make serve`), Create React App also do that for instance.
- It fixes a common problem when installing Flex recipes: many bundles expect a logger service but currently there is none available by default, and you usually get a `"logger" service not found error` (because packages depend of the PSR, but the PSR doesn't provide a logger service).

Commits
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9a06513ec7 [HttpKernel][FrameworkBundle] Add a minimalist default PSR-3 logger

Author: fabpot

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ CHANGELOG
 3.4.0
 -----
 
+ * Always register a minimalist logger that writes in `stderr`
  * Deprecated `profiler.matcher` option
  * Added support for `EventSubscriberInterface` on `MicroKernelTrait`
  * Removed `doctrine/cache` from the list of required dependencies in `composer.json`

FrameworkBundle.php

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Application;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\DependencyInjection\AddConsoleCommandPass;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DependencyInjection\ControllerArgumentValueResolverPass;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DependencyInjection\LoggerPass;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DependencyInjection\RegisterControllerArgumentLocatorsPass;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DependencyInjection\RemoveEmptyControllerArgumentLocatorsPass;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DependencyInjection\ResettableServicePass;
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ public function build(ContainerBuilder $container)
     {
         parent::build($container);
 
+        $container->addCompilerPass(new LoggerPass(), PassConfig::TYPE_BEFORE_OPTIMIZATION, -32);
         $container->addCompilerPass(new RegisterControllerArgumentLocatorsPass());
         $container->addCompilerPass(new RemoveEmptyControllerArgumentLocatorsPass(), PassConfig::TYPE_BEFORE_REMOVING);
         $container->addCompilerPass(new RoutingResolverPass());