diff --git a/.ci/check-format.sh b/.ci/check-format.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..f6c87a93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.ci/check-format.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -u -o pipefail
+
+ret=0
+
+# Check C/C++ files with clang-format
+while IFS= read -r -d '' file; do
+    clang-format-18 -n --Werror "${file}" || ret=1
+done < <(git ls-files -z '*.c' '*.cpp' '*.h' ':!:*/submodule/*')
+
+# Check shell scripts with shfmt
+while IFS= read -r file; do
+    diff <(cat "${file}") <(shfmt -i 4 -bn -ci -sr "${file}")
+    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo "${file}" "mismatch"
+        ret=1
+    fi
+done < <(git ls-files '*.sh')
+
+exit ${ret}
diff --git a/.ci/check-newline.sh b/.ci/check-newline.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..f8a81b45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.ci/check-newline.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e -u -o pipefail
+
+ret=0
+show=0
+# Reference: https://medium.com/@alexey.inkin/how-to-force-newline-at-end-of-files-and-why-you-should-do-it-fdf76d1d090e
+while IFS= read -rd '' f; do
+    if file --mime-encoding "$f" | grep -qv binary; then
+        tail -c1 < "$f" | read -r _ || show=1
+        if [ $show -eq 1 ]; then
+            echo "Warning: No newline at end of file $f"
+            ret=1
+            show=0
+        fi
+    fi
+done < <(git ls-files -z app kernel lib arch include)
+
+exit $ret
diff --git a/.ci/ci-tools.sh b/.ci/ci-tools.sh
index d3316a7a..927633b7 100755
--- a/.ci/ci-tools.sh
+++ b/.ci/ci-tools.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ SCRIPT_NAME=$(basename "$0")
 COMMAND=${1:-help}
 
 show_help() {
-	cat <<EOF
+    cat << EOF
 Usage: $SCRIPT_NAME <command> [options]
 
 Commands:
@@ -37,140 +37,140 @@ EOF
 
 # Data collection function
 collect_data() {
-	local toolchain=${1:-unknown}
-	local test_output=${2:-}
-	local functional_output=${3:-}
-
-	if [ -z "$test_output" ]; then
-		echo "Error: test_output required"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	mkdir -p test-results
-	echo "$toolchain" >test-results/toolchain
-
-	# Extract app data
-	echo "$test_output" | grep "APP_STATUS:" | sed 's/APP_STATUS://' >test-results/apps_data || touch test-results/apps_data
-
-	# Debug: Check if functional output was received
-	if [ -n "$functional_output" ]; then
-		echo "[DEBUG] Functional output received (length: ${#functional_output})"
-		local func_test_count=$(echo "$functional_output" | grep -c "FUNCTIONAL_TEST:" || echo "0")
-		local func_crit_count=$(echo "$functional_output" | grep -c "FUNCTIONAL_CRITERIA:" || echo "0")
-		echo "[DEBUG] Found $func_test_count FUNCTIONAL_TEST lines"
-		echo "[DEBUG] Found $func_crit_count FUNCTIONAL_CRITERIA lines"
-
-		# Show last 50 lines to see if parseable output is present
-		echo "[DEBUG] Last 50 lines of functional output:"
-		echo "$functional_output" | tail -50
-	else
-		echo "[DEBUG] No functional output received"
-	fi
-
-	# Extract functional data (both overall and criteria)
-	if [ -n "$functional_output" ]; then
-		echo "$functional_output" | grep "FUNCTIONAL_TEST:" | sed 's/FUNCTIONAL_TEST://' >test-results/functional_data || touch test-results/functional_data
-		echo "$functional_output" | grep "FUNCTIONAL_CRITERIA:" | sed 's/FUNCTIONAL_CRITERIA://' >test-results/functional_criteria_data || touch test-results/functional_criteria_data
-	else
-		touch test-results/functional_data
-		touch test-results/functional_criteria_data
-	fi
-
-	# Determine exit codes
-	test_exit=0
-	functional_exit=0
-	echo "$test_output" | grep -q "validation FAILED" && test_exit=1
-	[ -n "$functional_output" ] && echo "$functional_output" | grep -q "functional tests FAILED" && functional_exit=1
-
-	echo "$test_exit" >test-results/crash_exit_code
-	echo "$functional_exit" >test-results/functional_exit_code
-
-	echo "Test data collected for $toolchain toolchain"
+    local toolchain=${1:-unknown}
+    local test_output=${2:-}
+    local functional_output=${3:-}
+
+    if [ -z "$test_output" ]; then
+        echo "Error: test_output required"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    mkdir -p test-results
+    echo "$toolchain" > test-results/toolchain
+
+    # Extract app data
+    echo "$test_output" | grep "APP_STATUS:" | sed 's/APP_STATUS://' > test-results/apps_data || touch test-results/apps_data
+
+    # Debug: Check if functional output was received
+    if [ -n "$functional_output" ]; then
+        echo "[DEBUG] Functional output received (length: ${#functional_output})"
+        local func_test_count=$(echo "$functional_output" | grep -c "FUNCTIONAL_TEST:" || echo "0")
+        local func_crit_count=$(echo "$functional_output" | grep -c "FUNCTIONAL_CRITERIA:" || echo "0")
+        echo "[DEBUG] Found $func_test_count FUNCTIONAL_TEST lines"
+        echo "[DEBUG] Found $func_crit_count FUNCTIONAL_CRITERIA lines"
+
+        # Show last 50 lines to see if parseable output is present
+        echo "[DEBUG] Last 50 lines of functional output:"
+        echo "$functional_output" | tail -50
+    else
+        echo "[DEBUG] No functional output received"
+    fi
+
+    # Extract functional data (both overall and criteria)
+    if [ -n "$functional_output" ]; then
+        echo "$functional_output" | grep "FUNCTIONAL_TEST:" | sed 's/FUNCTIONAL_TEST://' > test-results/functional_data || touch test-results/functional_data
+        echo "$functional_output" | grep "FUNCTIONAL_CRITERIA:" | sed 's/FUNCTIONAL_CRITERIA://' > test-results/functional_criteria_data || touch test-results/functional_criteria_data
+    else
+        touch test-results/functional_data
+        touch test-results/functional_criteria_data
+    fi
+
+    # Determine exit codes
+    test_exit=0
+    functional_exit=0
+    echo "$test_output" | grep -q "validation FAILED" && test_exit=1
+    [ -n "$functional_output" ] && echo "$functional_output" | grep -q "functional tests FAILED" && functional_exit=1
+
+    echo "$test_exit" > test-results/crash_exit_code
+    echo "$functional_exit" > test-results/functional_exit_code
+
+    echo "Test data collected for $toolchain toolchain"
 }
 
 # Result aggregation function
 aggregate_results() {
-	local results_dir=${1:-all-test-results}
-	local output_file=${2:-test-summary.toml}
-
-	if [ ! -d "$results_dir" ]; then
-		echo "Error: Results directory not found: $results_dir"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	# Initialize status
-	gnu_build="failed" gnu_crash="failed" gnu_functional="failed"
-	llvm_build="failed" llvm_crash="failed" llvm_functional="failed"
-	overall="failed"
-	apps_data="" functional_data="" functional_criteria_data=""
-
-	# Process artifacts
-	for artifact_dir in "$results_dir"/test-results-*; do
-		[ ! -d "$artifact_dir" ] && continue
-
-		toolchain=$(cat "$artifact_dir/toolchain" 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown")
-		crash_exit=$(cat "$artifact_dir/crash_exit_code" 2>/dev/null || echo "1")
-		functional_exit=$(cat "$artifact_dir/functional_exit_code" 2>/dev/null || echo "1")
-
-		build_status="passed"
-		# Handle skipped tests
-		if [ "$crash_exit" = "skipped" ]; then
-			crash_status="skipped"
-		else
-			crash_status=$([ "$crash_exit" = "0" ] && echo "passed" || echo "failed")
-		fi
-
-		if [ "$functional_exit" = "skipped" ]; then
-			functional_status="skipped"
-		else
-			functional_status=$([ "$functional_exit" = "0" ] && echo "passed" || echo "failed")
-		fi
-
-		case "$toolchain" in
-		"gnu")
-			gnu_build="$build_status"
-			gnu_crash="$crash_status"
-			gnu_functional="$functional_status"
-			;;
-		"llvm")
-			llvm_build="$build_status"
-			llvm_crash="$crash_status"
-			llvm_functional="$functional_status"
-			;;
-		esac
-
-		# Collect data with toolchain prefix
-		if [ -f "$artifact_dir/apps_data" ] && [ -s "$artifact_dir/apps_data" ]; then
-			while read -r line; do
-				[ -n "$line" ] && apps_data="$apps_data ${toolchain}_${line}"
-			done <"$artifact_dir/apps_data"
-		fi
-
-		if [ -f "$artifact_dir/functional_data" ] && [ -s "$artifact_dir/functional_data" ]; then
-			while read -r line; do
-				[ -n "$line" ] && functional_data="$functional_data ${toolchain}_${line}"
-			done <"$artifact_dir/functional_data"
-		fi
-
-		if [ -f "$artifact_dir/functional_criteria_data" ] && [ -s "$artifact_dir/functional_criteria_data" ]; then
-			while read -r line; do
-				[ -n "$line" ] && functional_criteria_data="$functional_criteria_data ${toolchain}_${line}"
-			done <"$artifact_dir/functional_criteria_data"
-		fi
-	done
-
-	# Overall status - only GNU needs to fully pass, LLVM can be skipped
-	if [ "$gnu_build" = "passed" ] && [ "$gnu_crash" = "passed" ] && [ "$gnu_functional" = "passed" ] &&
-		[ "$llvm_build" = "passed" ]; then
-		overall="passed"
-	fi
-
-	apps_data=$(echo "$apps_data" | xargs)
-	functional_data=$(echo "$functional_data" | xargs)
-	functional_criteria_data=$(echo "$functional_criteria_data" | xargs)
-
-	# Generate TOML
-	cat >"$output_file" <<EOF
+    local results_dir=${1:-all-test-results}
+    local output_file=${2:-test-summary.toml}
+
+    if [ ! -d "$results_dir" ]; then
+        echo "Error: Results directory not found: $results_dir"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    # Initialize status
+    gnu_build="failed" gnu_crash="failed" gnu_functional="failed"
+    llvm_build="failed" llvm_crash="failed" llvm_functional="failed"
+    overall="failed"
+    apps_data="" functional_data="" functional_criteria_data=""
+
+    # Process artifacts
+    for artifact_dir in "$results_dir"/test-results-*; do
+        [ ! -d "$artifact_dir" ] && continue
+
+        toolchain=$(cat "$artifact_dir/toolchain" 2> /dev/null || echo "unknown")
+        crash_exit=$(cat "$artifact_dir/crash_exit_code" 2> /dev/null || echo "1")
+        functional_exit=$(cat "$artifact_dir/functional_exit_code" 2> /dev/null || echo "1")
+
+        build_status="passed"
+        # Handle skipped tests
+        if [ "$crash_exit" = "skipped" ]; then
+            crash_status="skipped"
+        else
+            crash_status=$([ "$crash_exit" = "0" ] && echo "passed" || echo "failed")
+        fi
+
+        if [ "$functional_exit" = "skipped" ]; then
+            functional_status="skipped"
+        else
+            functional_status=$([ "$functional_exit" = "0" ] && echo "passed" || echo "failed")
+        fi
+
+        case "$toolchain" in
+            "gnu")
+                gnu_build="$build_status"
+                gnu_crash="$crash_status"
+                gnu_functional="$functional_status"
+                ;;
+            "llvm")
+                llvm_build="$build_status"
+                llvm_crash="$crash_status"
+                llvm_functional="$functional_status"
+                ;;
+        esac
+
+        # Collect data with toolchain prefix
+        if [ -f "$artifact_dir/apps_data" ] && [ -s "$artifact_dir/apps_data" ]; then
+            while read -r line; do
+                [ -n "$line" ] && apps_data="$apps_data ${toolchain}_${line}"
+            done < "$artifact_dir/apps_data"
+        fi
+
+        if [ -f "$artifact_dir/functional_data" ] && [ -s "$artifact_dir/functional_data" ]; then
+            while read -r line; do
+                [ -n "$line" ] && functional_data="$functional_data ${toolchain}_${line}"
+            done < "$artifact_dir/functional_data"
+        fi
+
+        if [ -f "$artifact_dir/functional_criteria_data" ] && [ -s "$artifact_dir/functional_criteria_data" ]; then
+            while read -r line; do
+                [ -n "$line" ] && functional_criteria_data="$functional_criteria_data ${toolchain}_${line}"
+            done < "$artifact_dir/functional_criteria_data"
+        fi
+    done
+
+    # Overall status - only GNU needs to fully pass, LLVM can be skipped
+    if [ "$gnu_build" = "passed" ] && [ "$gnu_crash" = "passed" ] && [ "$gnu_functional" = "passed" ] \
+        && [ "$llvm_build" = "passed" ]; then
+        overall="passed"
+    fi
+
+    apps_data=$(echo "$apps_data" | xargs)
+    functional_data=$(echo "$functional_data" | xargs)
+    functional_criteria_data=$(echo "$functional_criteria_data" | xargs)
+
+    # Generate TOML
+    cat > "$output_file" << EOF
 [summary]
 status = "$overall"
 timestamp = "$(date -Iseconds)"
@@ -190,44 +190,44 @@ crash = "$llvm_crash"
 functional = "$llvm_functional"
 EOF
 
-	# Add apps sections
-	if [ -n "$apps_data" ]; then
-		echo "" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "[gnu.apps]" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "$apps_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^gnu_" | sed 's/gnu_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >>"$output_file" || true
-		echo "" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "[llvm.apps]" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "$apps_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^llvm_" | sed 's/llvm_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >>"$output_file" || true
-	fi
-
-	# Add functional sections
-	if [ -n "$functional_data" ]; then
-		echo "" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "[gnu.functional_tests]" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "$functional_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^gnu_" | sed 's/gnu_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >>"$output_file" || true
-		echo "" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "[llvm.functional_tests]" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "$functional_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^llvm_" | sed 's/llvm_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >>"$output_file" || true
-	fi
-
-	# Add functional criteria sections
-	if [ -n "$functional_criteria_data" ]; then
-		echo "" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "[gnu.functional_criteria]" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "$functional_criteria_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^gnu_" | sed 's/gnu_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >>"$output_file" || true
-		echo "" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "[llvm.functional_criteria]" >>"$output_file"
-		echo "$functional_criteria_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^llvm_" | sed 's/llvm_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >>"$output_file" || true
-	fi
-
-	echo "Results aggregated into $output_file"
-	[ "$overall" = "passed" ] && exit 0 || exit 1
+    # Add apps sections
+    if [ -n "$apps_data" ]; then
+        echo "" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "[gnu.apps]" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "$apps_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^gnu_" | sed 's/gnu_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >> "$output_file" || true
+        echo "" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "[llvm.apps]" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "$apps_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^llvm_" | sed 's/llvm_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >> "$output_file" || true
+    fi
+
+    # Add functional sections
+    if [ -n "$functional_data" ]; then
+        echo "" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "[gnu.functional_tests]" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "$functional_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^gnu_" | sed 's/gnu_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >> "$output_file" || true
+        echo "" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "[llvm.functional_tests]" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "$functional_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^llvm_" | sed 's/llvm_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >> "$output_file" || true
+    fi
+
+    # Add functional criteria sections
+    if [ -n "$functional_criteria_data" ]; then
+        echo "" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "[gnu.functional_criteria]" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "$functional_criteria_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^gnu_" | sed 's/gnu_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >> "$output_file" || true
+        echo "" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "[llvm.functional_criteria]" >> "$output_file"
+        echo "$functional_criteria_data" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep "^llvm_" | sed 's/llvm_//; s/\(.*\)=\(.*\)/"\1" = "\2"/' >> "$output_file" || true
+    fi
+
+    echo "Results aggregated into $output_file"
+    [ "$overall" = "passed" ] && exit 0 || exit 1
 }
 
 # TOML parsing helpers
 get_value() {
-	local section=$1 key=$2 file=$3
-	awk -v section="$section" -v key="$key" '
+    local section=$1 key=$2 file=$3
+    awk -v section="$section" -v key="$key" '
     BEGIN { in_section = 0 }
     /^\[.*\]/ { in_section = 0; if ($0 == "[" section "]") in_section = 1 }
     in_section && /^[a-zA-Z_]/ {
@@ -236,8 +236,8 @@ get_value() {
 }
 
 get_section_data() {
-	local section=$1 file=$2
-	awk -v section="$section" '
+    local section=$1 file=$2
+    awk -v section="$section" '
     BEGIN { in_section = 0 }
     /^\[.*\]/ { in_section = 0; if ($0 == "[" section "]") in_section = 1 }
     in_section && /=/ && !/^\[/ { gsub(/^[ \t]+/, ""); print $0 }
@@ -246,44 +246,44 @@ get_section_data() {
 
 # Extract key from TOML line (strips quotes)
 get_toml_key() {
-	echo "$1" | sed 's/^"\([^"]*\)" = ".*"$/\1/'
+    echo "$1" | sed 's/^"\([^"]*\)" = ".*"$/\1/'
 }
 
 # Extract value from TOML line (strips quotes)
 get_toml_value() {
-	echo "$1" | sed 's/^"[^"]*" = "\(.*\)"$/\1/'
+    echo "$1" | sed 's/^"[^"]*" = "\(.*\)"$/\1/'
 }
 
 get_symbol() {
-	case $1 in
-	"passed") echo "✅" ;;
-	"failed") echo "❌" ;;
-	"skipped") echo "⏭️" ;;
-	*) echo "⚠️" ;;
-	esac
+    case $1 in
+        "passed") echo "✅" ;;
+        "failed") echo "❌" ;;
+        "skipped") echo "⏭️" ;;
+        *) echo "⚠️" ;;
+    esac
 }
 
 # PR comment formatting
 format_comment() {
-	local toml_file=${1:-test-summary.toml}
-
-	if [ ! -f "$toml_file" ]; then
-		echo "Error: TOML file not found: $toml_file"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	# Extract basic info
-	overall_status=$(get_value "summary" "status" "$toml_file")
-	timestamp=$(get_value "summary" "timestamp" "$toml_file")
-	gnu_build=$(get_value "gnu" "build" "$toml_file")
-	gnu_crash=$(get_value "gnu" "crash" "$toml_file")
-	gnu_functional=$(get_value "gnu" "functional" "$toml_file")
-	llvm_build=$(get_value "llvm" "build" "$toml_file")
-	llvm_crash=$(get_value "llvm" "crash" "$toml_file")
-	llvm_functional=$(get_value "llvm" "functional" "$toml_file")
-
-	# Generate comment
-	cat <<EOF
+    local toml_file=${1:-test-summary.toml}
+
+    if [ ! -f "$toml_file" ]; then
+        echo "Error: TOML file not found: $toml_file"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    # Extract basic info
+    overall_status=$(get_value "summary" "status" "$toml_file")
+    timestamp=$(get_value "summary" "timestamp" "$toml_file")
+    gnu_build=$(get_value "gnu" "build" "$toml_file")
+    gnu_crash=$(get_value "gnu" "crash" "$toml_file")
+    gnu_functional=$(get_value "gnu" "functional" "$toml_file")
+    llvm_build=$(get_value "llvm" "build" "$toml_file")
+    llvm_crash=$(get_value "llvm" "crash" "$toml_file")
+    llvm_functional=$(get_value "llvm" "functional" "$toml_file")
+
+    # Generate comment
+    cat << EOF
 ## Linmo CI Test Results
 
 **Overall Status:** $(get_symbol "$overall_status") $overall_status
@@ -297,187 +297,187 @@ format_comment() {
 | **LLVM** | $(get_symbol "$llvm_build") $llvm_build | $(get_symbol "$llvm_crash") $llvm_crash | $(get_symbol "$llvm_functional") $llvm_functional |
 EOF
 
-	# Apps section
-	gnu_apps=$(get_section_data "gnu.apps" "$toml_file")
-	llvm_apps=$(get_section_data "llvm.apps" "$toml_file")
-
-	if [ -n "$gnu_apps" ] || [ -n "$llvm_apps" ]; then
-		echo ""
-		echo "### Application Tests"
-		echo ""
-		echo "| App | GNU | LLVM |"
-		echo "|-----|-----|------|"
-
-		all_apps=""
-		while IFS= read -r line; do
-			[ -n "$line" ] && all_apps="$all_apps $(get_toml_key "$line")"
-		done <<-EOF
+    # Apps section
+    gnu_apps=$(get_section_data "gnu.apps" "$toml_file")
+    llvm_apps=$(get_section_data "llvm.apps" "$toml_file")
+
+    if [ -n "$gnu_apps" ] || [ -n "$llvm_apps" ]; then
+        echo ""
+        echo "### Application Tests"
+        echo ""
+        echo "| App | GNU | LLVM |"
+        echo "|-----|-----|------|"
+
+        all_apps=""
+        while IFS= read -r line; do
+            [ -n "$line" ] && all_apps="$all_apps $(get_toml_key "$line")"
+        done <<- EOF
 			$gnu_apps
 		EOF
-		while IFS= read -r line; do
-			[ -n "$line" ] && all_apps="$all_apps $(get_toml_key "$line")"
-		done <<-EOF
+        while IFS= read -r line; do
+            [ -n "$line" ] && all_apps="$all_apps $(get_toml_key "$line")"
+        done <<- EOF
 			$llvm_apps
 		EOF
 
-		for app in $(echo "$all_apps" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -u); do
-			gnu_status=""
-			llvm_status=""
-			while IFS= read -r line; do
-				[ -z "$line" ] && continue
-				key=$(get_toml_key "$line")
-				if [ "$key" = "$app" ]; then
-					gnu_status=$(get_toml_value "$line")
-					break
-				fi
-			done <<-EOF
+        for app in $(echo "$all_apps" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -u); do
+            gnu_status=""
+            llvm_status=""
+            while IFS= read -r line; do
+                [ -z "$line" ] && continue
+                key=$(get_toml_key "$line")
+                if [ "$key" = "$app" ]; then
+                    gnu_status=$(get_toml_value "$line")
+                    break
+                fi
+            done <<- EOF
 				$gnu_apps
 			EOF
-			while IFS= read -r line; do
-				[ -z "$line" ] && continue
-				key=$(get_toml_key "$line")
-				if [ "$key" = "$app" ]; then
-					llvm_status=$(get_toml_value "$line")
-					break
-				fi
-			done <<-EOF
+            while IFS= read -r line; do
+                [ -z "$line" ] && continue
+                key=$(get_toml_key "$line")
+                if [ "$key" = "$app" ]; then
+                    llvm_status=$(get_toml_value "$line")
+                    break
+                fi
+            done <<- EOF
 				$llvm_apps
 			EOF
-			echo "| \`$app\` | $(get_symbol "$gnu_status") $gnu_status | $(get_symbol "$llvm_status") $llvm_status |"
-		done
-	fi
-
-	# Functional tests section (detailed criteria)
-	gnu_functional_criteria=$(get_section_data "gnu.functional_criteria" "$toml_file")
-	llvm_functional_criteria=$(get_section_data "llvm.functional_criteria" "$toml_file")
-
-	if [ -n "$gnu_functional_criteria" ] || [ -n "$llvm_functional_criteria" ]; then
-		echo ""
-		echo "### Functional Test Details"
-		echo ""
-		echo "| Test | GNU | LLVM |"
-		echo "|------|-----|------|"
-
-		all_criteria=""
-		while IFS= read -r line; do
-			[ -n "$line" ] && all_criteria="$all_criteria $(get_toml_key "$line")"
-		done <<-EOF
+            echo "| \`$app\` | $(get_symbol "$gnu_status") $gnu_status | $(get_symbol "$llvm_status") $llvm_status |"
+        done
+    fi
+
+    # Functional tests section (detailed criteria)
+    gnu_functional_criteria=$(get_section_data "gnu.functional_criteria" "$toml_file")
+    llvm_functional_criteria=$(get_section_data "llvm.functional_criteria" "$toml_file")
+
+    if [ -n "$gnu_functional_criteria" ] || [ -n "$llvm_functional_criteria" ]; then
+        echo ""
+        echo "### Functional Test Details"
+        echo ""
+        echo "| Test | GNU | LLVM |"
+        echo "|------|-----|------|"
+
+        all_criteria=""
+        while IFS= read -r line; do
+            [ -n "$line" ] && all_criteria="$all_criteria $(get_toml_key "$line")"
+        done <<- EOF
 			$gnu_functional_criteria
 		EOF
-		while IFS= read -r line; do
-			[ -n "$line" ] && all_criteria="$all_criteria $(get_toml_key "$line")"
-		done <<-EOF
+        while IFS= read -r line; do
+            [ -n "$line" ] && all_criteria="$all_criteria $(get_toml_key "$line")"
+        done <<- EOF
 			$llvm_functional_criteria
 		EOF
 
-		for criteria in $(echo "$all_criteria" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -u); do
-			gnu_status=""
-			llvm_status=""
-			while IFS= read -r line; do
-				[ -z "$line" ] && continue
-				key=$(get_toml_key "$line")
-				if [ "$key" = "$criteria" ]; then
-					gnu_status=$(get_toml_value "$line")
-					break
-				fi
-			done <<-EOF
+        for criteria in $(echo "$all_criteria" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -u); do
+            gnu_status=""
+            llvm_status=""
+            while IFS= read -r line; do
+                [ -z "$line" ] && continue
+                key=$(get_toml_key "$line")
+                if [ "$key" = "$criteria" ]; then
+                    gnu_status=$(get_toml_value "$line")
+                    break
+                fi
+            done <<- EOF
 				$gnu_functional_criteria
 			EOF
-			while IFS= read -r line; do
-				[ -z "$line" ] && continue
-				key=$(get_toml_key "$line")
-				if [ "$key" = "$criteria" ]; then
-					llvm_status=$(get_toml_value "$line")
-					break
-				fi
-			done <<-EOF
+            while IFS= read -r line; do
+                [ -z "$line" ] && continue
+                key=$(get_toml_key "$line")
+                if [ "$key" = "$criteria" ]; then
+                    llvm_status=$(get_toml_value "$line")
+                    break
+                fi
+            done <<- EOF
 				$llvm_functional_criteria
 			EOF
-			echo "| \`$criteria\` | $(get_symbol "$gnu_status") $gnu_status | $(get_symbol "$llvm_status") $llvm_status |"
-		done
-	fi
+            echo "| \`$criteria\` | $(get_symbol "$gnu_status") $gnu_status | $(get_symbol "$llvm_status") $llvm_status |"
+        done
+    fi
 
-	echo ""
-	echo "---"
-	echo "*Report generated from \`$toml_file\`*"
+    echo ""
+    echo "---"
+    echo "*Report generated from \`$toml_file\`*"
 }
 
 # Post PR comment
 post_comment() {
-	local toml_file=${1:-test-summary.toml}
-	local pr_number=${2:-$GITHUB_PR_NUMBER}
-
-	if [ -z "$pr_number" ]; then
-		echo "Error: PR number not provided"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	if [ ! -f "$toml_file" ]; then
-		echo "Error: TOML file not found: $toml_file"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	if [ -z "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
-		echo "Error: GITHUB_TOKEN environment variable not set"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	comment_body=$(format_comment "$toml_file")
-	temp_file=$(mktemp)
-	echo "$comment_body" >"$temp_file"
-	gh pr comment "$pr_number" --body-file "$temp_file"
-	rm -f "$temp_file"
-	echo "PR comment posted successfully"
+    local toml_file=${1:-test-summary.toml}
+    local pr_number=${2:-$GITHUB_PR_NUMBER}
+
+    if [ -z "$pr_number" ]; then
+        echo "Error: PR number not provided"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    if [ ! -f "$toml_file" ]; then
+        echo "Error: TOML file not found: $toml_file"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    if [ -z "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+        echo "Error: GITHUB_TOKEN environment variable not set"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    comment_body=$(format_comment "$toml_file")
+    temp_file=$(mktemp)
+    echo "$comment_body" > "$temp_file"
+    gh pr comment "$pr_number" --body-file "$temp_file"
+    rm -f "$temp_file"
+    echo "PR comment posted successfully"
 }
 
 # Print report
 print_report() {
-	local toml_file=${1:-test-summary.toml}
-
-	if [ ! -f "$toml_file" ]; then
-		echo "Error: TOML file not found: $toml_file"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	echo "========================================="
-	echo "Linmo CI Test Report"
-	echo "========================================="
-	echo ""
-	cat "$toml_file"
-	echo ""
-	echo "========================================="
-	echo "Report generated from: $toml_file"
-	echo "========================================="
+    local toml_file=${1:-test-summary.toml}
+
+    if [ ! -f "$toml_file" ]; then
+        echo "Error: TOML file not found: $toml_file"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    echo "========================================="
+    echo "Linmo CI Test Report"
+    echo "========================================="
+    echo ""
+    cat "$toml_file"
+    echo ""
+    echo "========================================="
+    echo "Report generated from: $toml_file"
+    echo "========================================="
 }
 
 # Main command dispatcher
 case "$COMMAND" in
-"collect-data")
-	shift
-	collect_data "$@"
-	;;
-"aggregate")
-	shift
-	aggregate_results "$@"
-	;;
-"format-comment")
-	shift
-	format_comment "$@"
-	;;
-"post-comment")
-	shift
-	post_comment "$@"
-	;;
-"print-report")
-	shift
-	print_report "$@"
-	;;
-"help" | "--help" | "-h")
-	show_help
-	;;
-*)
-	echo "Error: Unknown command '$COMMAND'"
-	echo "Use '$SCRIPT_NAME help' for usage information"
-	exit 1
-	;;
+    "collect-data")
+        shift
+        collect_data "$@"
+        ;;
+    "aggregate")
+        shift
+        aggregate_results "$@"
+        ;;
+    "format-comment")
+        shift
+        format_comment "$@"
+        ;;
+    "post-comment")
+        shift
+        post_comment "$@"
+        ;;
+    "print-report")
+        shift
+        print_report "$@"
+        ;;
+    "help" | "--help" | "-h")
+        show_help
+        ;;
+    *)
+        echo "Error: Unknown command '$COMMAND'"
+        echo "Use '$SCRIPT_NAME help' for usage information"
+        exit 1
+        ;;
 esac
diff --git a/.ci/run-app-tests.sh b/.ci/run-app-tests.sh
index b21211f6..dcf4f040 100755
--- a/.ci/run-app-tests.sh
+++ b/.ci/run-app-tests.sh
@@ -7,53 +7,53 @@ TOOLCHAIN_TYPE=${TOOLCHAIN_TYPE:-gnu}
 # Test a single app: build, run, check
 # Returns: 0=passed, 1=failed, 2=build_failed
 test_app() {
-	local app=$1
+    local app=$1
 
-	echo "=== Testing $app ($TOOLCHAIN_TYPE) ==="
+    echo "=== Testing $app ($TOOLCHAIN_TYPE) ==="
 
-	# Build phase
-	echo "[+] Building..."
-	make clean >/dev/null 2>&1
-	if ! make "$app" TOOLCHAIN_TYPE="$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-		echo "[!] Build failed"
-		return 2
-	fi
+    # Build phase
+    echo "[+] Building..."
+    make clean > /dev/null 2>&1
+    if ! make "$app" TOOLCHAIN_TYPE="$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "[!] Build failed"
+        return 2
+    fi
 
-	# Run phase
-	echo "[+] Running in QEMU (timeout: ${TIMEOUT}s)..."
-	local output exit_code
-	output=$(timeout ${TIMEOUT}s qemu-system-riscv32 -nographic -machine virt -bios none -kernel build/image.elf 2>&1)
-	exit_code=$?
+    # Run phase
+    echo "[+] Running in QEMU (timeout: ${TIMEOUT}s)..."
+    local output exit_code
+    output=$(timeout ${TIMEOUT}s qemu-system-riscv32 -nographic -machine virt -bios none -kernel build/image.elf 2>&1)
+    exit_code=$?
 
-	# Check phase
-	if echo "$output" | grep -qiE "(trap|exception|fault|panic|illegal|segfault)"; then
-		echo "[!] Crash detected"
-		return 1
-	elif [ $exit_code -eq 124 ] || [ $exit_code -eq 0 ]; then
-		echo "[✓] Passed"
-		return 0
-	else
-		echo "[!] Exit code $exit_code"
-		return 1
-	fi
+    # Check phase
+    if echo "$output" | grep -qiE "(trap|exception|fault|panic|illegal|segfault)"; then
+        echo "[!] Crash detected"
+        return 1
+    elif [ $exit_code -eq 124 ] || [ $exit_code -eq 0 ]; then
+        echo "[✓] Passed"
+        return 0
+    else
+        echo "[!] Exit code $exit_code"
+        return 1
+    fi
 }
 
 # Auto-discover apps if none provided
 if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
-	APPS=$(find app/ -name "*.c" -exec basename {} .c \; | sort | tr '\n' ' ')
-	echo "[+] Auto-discovered apps: $APPS"
+    APPS=$(find app/ -name "*.c" -exec basename {} .c \; | sort | tr '\n' ' ')
+    echo "[+] Auto-discovered apps: $APPS"
 else
-	APPS="$@"
+    APPS="$@"
 fi
 
 # Filter excluded apps
 EXCLUDED_APPS=""
 if [ -n "$EXCLUDED_APPS" ]; then
-	FILTERED_APPS=""
-	for app in $APPS; do
-		[[ ! " $EXCLUDED_APPS " =~ " $app " ]] && FILTERED_APPS="$FILTERED_APPS $app"
-	done
-	APPS="$FILTERED_APPS"
+    FILTERED_APPS=""
+    for app in $APPS; do
+        [[ ! " $EXCLUDED_APPS " =~ " $app " ]] && FILTERED_APPS="$FILTERED_APPS $app"
+    done
+    APPS="$FILTERED_APPS"
 fi
 
 echo "[+] Testing apps: $APPS"
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ BUILD_FAILED_APPS=""
 
 # Test each app
 for app in $APPS; do
-	test_app "$app"
-	case $? in
-	0) PASSED_APPS="$PASSED_APPS $app" ;;
-	1) FAILED_APPS="$FAILED_APPS $app" ;;
-	2) BUILD_FAILED_APPS="$BUILD_FAILED_APPS $app" ;;
-	esac
-	echo ""
+    test_app "$app"
+    case $? in
+        0) PASSED_APPS="$PASSED_APPS $app" ;;
+        1) FAILED_APPS="$FAILED_APPS $app" ;;
+        2) BUILD_FAILED_APPS="$BUILD_FAILED_APPS $app" ;;
+    esac
+    echo ""
 done
 
 # Summary
@@ -86,21 +86,21 @@ echo "=== STEP 2 APP TEST RESULTS ==="
 echo ""
 echo "=== PARSEABLE_OUTPUT ==="
 for app in $APPS; do
-	if echo "$PASSED_APPS" | grep -qw "$app"; then
-		echo "APP_STATUS:$app=passed"
-	elif echo "$FAILED_APPS" | grep -qw "$app"; then
-		echo "APP_STATUS:$app=failed"
-	elif echo "$BUILD_FAILED_APPS" | grep -qw "$app"; then
-		echo "APP_STATUS:$app=build_failed"
-	fi
+    if echo "$PASSED_APPS" | grep -qw "$app"; then
+        echo "APP_STATUS:$app=passed"
+    elif echo "$FAILED_APPS" | grep -qw "$app"; then
+        echo "APP_STATUS:$app=failed"
+    elif echo "$BUILD_FAILED_APPS" | grep -qw "$app"; then
+        echo "APP_STATUS:$app=build_failed"
+    fi
 done
 
 # Exit status
 if [ -n "$FAILED_APPS" ] || [ -n "$BUILD_FAILED_APPS" ]; then
-	echo ""
-	echo "[!] Step 2 validation FAILED"
-	exit 1
+    echo ""
+    echo "[!] Step 2 validation FAILED"
+    exit 1
 else
-	echo ""
-	echo "[+] Step 2 validation PASSED"
+    echo ""
+    echo "[+] Step 2 validation PASSED"
 fi
diff --git a/.ci/run-functional-tests.sh b/.ci/run-functional-tests.sh
index c06fded5..b32c0b79 100755
--- a/.ci/run-functional-tests.sh
+++ b/.ci/run-functional-tests.sh
@@ -25,115 +25,115 @@ declare -A CRITERIA_RESULTS
 # Test a single functional test: build, run, validate criteria
 # Returns: 0=passed, 1=failed, 2=build_failed, 3=unknown_test
 test_functional_app() {
-	local test=$1
-
-	echo "=== Functional Test: $test ==="
-
-	# Check if test is defined
-	if [ -z "${FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[$test]}" ]; then
-		echo "[!] Unknown test (not in FUNCTIONAL_TESTS)"
-		return 3
-	fi
-
-	# Build phase
-	echo "[+] Building..."
-	make clean >/dev/null 2>&1
-	if ! make "$test" TOOLCHAIN_TYPE="$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-		echo "[!] Build failed"
-
-		# Mark all criteria as build_failed
-		local expected_passes="${FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[$test]}"
-		IFS=',' read -ra PASS_CRITERIA <<<"$expected_passes"
-		for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
-			local criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
-			CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="build_failed"
-		done
-
-		return 2
-	fi
-
-	# Run phase
-	echo "[+] Running (timeout: ${TIMEOUT}s)..."
-	local output exit_code
-	output=$(timeout ${TIMEOUT}s qemu-system-riscv32 -nographic -machine virt -bios none -kernel build/image.elf 2>&1)
-	exit_code=$?
-
-	# Debug: Show first 500 chars of output
-	if [ -n "$output" ]; then
-		echo "[DEBUG] Output preview (first 500 chars):"
-		echo "$output" | head -c 500
-		echo ""
-	else
-		echo "[DEBUG] No output captured from QEMU"
-	fi
-
-	# Parse expected criteria
-	local expected_passes="${FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[$test]}"
-	IFS=',' read -ra PASS_CRITERIA <<<"$expected_passes"
-
-	# Check for crashes first
-	if echo "$output" | grep -qiE "(trap|exception|fault|panic|illegal|segfault)"; then
-		echo "[!] Crash detected"
-
-		# Mark all criteria as crashed
-		for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
-			local criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
-			CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="crashed"
-		done
-
-		return 1
-	fi
-
-	# Check exit code
-	if [ $exit_code -eq 124 ]; then
-		echo "[!] Timeout (test hung)"
-
-		# Mark all criteria as timeout
-		for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
-			local criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
-			CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="timeout"
-		done
-
-		return 1
-	elif [ $exit_code -ne 0 ]; then
-		echo "[!] Exit code $exit_code"
-
-		# Mark all criteria as failed
-		for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
-			local criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
-			CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="failed"
-		done
-
-		return 1
-	fi
-
-	# Validate criteria
-	echo "[+] Checking PASS criteria:"
-	local all_passes_found=true
-	local missing_passes=""
-
-	for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
-		local criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
-
-		if echo "$output" | grep -qF "$criteria"; then
-			echo "  ✓ Found: $criteria"
-			CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="passed"
-		else
-			echo "  ✗ Missing: $criteria"
-			all_passes_found=false
-			missing_passes="$missing_passes '$criteria'"
-			CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="failed"
-		fi
-	done
-
-	# Determine result
-	if [ "$all_passes_found" = true ]; then
-		echo "[✓] All criteria passed"
-		return 0
-	else
-		echo "[!] Missing criteria:$missing_passes"
-		return 1
-	fi
+    local test=$1
+
+    echo "=== Functional Test: $test ==="
+
+    # Check if test is defined
+    if [ -z "${FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[$test]}" ]; then
+        echo "[!] Unknown test (not in FUNCTIONAL_TESTS)"
+        return 3
+    fi
+
+    # Build phase
+    echo "[+] Building..."
+    make clean > /dev/null 2>&1
+    if ! make "$test" TOOLCHAIN_TYPE="$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "[!] Build failed"
+
+        # Mark all criteria as build_failed
+        local expected_passes="${FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[$test]}"
+        IFS=',' read -ra PASS_CRITERIA <<< "$expected_passes"
+        for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
+            local criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
+            CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="build_failed"
+        done
+
+        return 2
+    fi
+
+    # Run phase
+    echo "[+] Running (timeout: ${TIMEOUT}s)..."
+    local output exit_code
+    output=$(timeout ${TIMEOUT}s qemu-system-riscv32 -nographic -machine virt -bios none -kernel build/image.elf 2>&1)
+    exit_code=$?
+
+    # Debug: Show first 500 chars of output
+    if [ -n "$output" ]; then
+        echo "[DEBUG] Output preview (first 500 chars):"
+        echo "$output" | head -c 500
+        echo ""
+    else
+        echo "[DEBUG] No output captured from QEMU"
+    fi
+
+    # Parse expected criteria
+    local expected_passes="${FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[$test]}"
+    IFS=',' read -ra PASS_CRITERIA <<< "$expected_passes"
+
+    # Check for crashes first
+    if echo "$output" | grep -qiE "(trap|exception|fault|panic|illegal|segfault)"; then
+        echo "[!] Crash detected"
+
+        # Mark all criteria as crashed
+        for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
+            local criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
+            CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="crashed"
+        done
+
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    # Check exit code
+    if [ $exit_code -eq 124 ]; then
+        echo "[!] Timeout (test hung)"
+
+        # Mark all criteria as timeout
+        for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
+            local criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
+            CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="timeout"
+        done
+
+        return 1
+    elif [ $exit_code -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo "[!] Exit code $exit_code"
+
+        # Mark all criteria as failed
+        for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
+            local criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
+            CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="failed"
+        done
+
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    # Validate criteria
+    echo "[+] Checking PASS criteria:"
+    local all_passes_found=true
+    local missing_passes=""
+
+    for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
+        local criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
+
+        if echo "$output" | grep -qF "$criteria"; then
+            echo "  ✓ Found: $criteria"
+            CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="passed"
+        else
+            echo "  ✗ Missing: $criteria"
+            all_passes_found=false
+            missing_passes="$missing_passes '$criteria'"
+            CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]="failed"
+        fi
+    done
+
+    # Determine result
+    if [ "$all_passes_found" = true ]; then
+        echo "[✓] All criteria passed"
+        return 0
+    else
+        echo "[!] Missing criteria:$missing_passes"
+        return 1
+    fi
 }
 
 echo "[+] Linmo Functional Test Suite (Step 3)"
@@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ echo ""
 
 # Get list of tests to run
 if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
-	TESTS_TO_RUN=$(echo "${!FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[@]}" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort | tr '\n' ' ')
-	echo "[+] Running all functional tests: $TESTS_TO_RUN"
+    TESTS_TO_RUN=$(echo "${!FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[@]}" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort | tr '\n' ' ')
+    echo "[+] Running all functional tests: $TESTS_TO_RUN"
 else
-	TESTS_TO_RUN="$@"
-	echo "[+] Running specified tests: $TESTS_TO_RUN"
+    TESTS_TO_RUN="$@"
+    echo "[+] Running specified tests: $TESTS_TO_RUN"
 fi
 
 echo ""
@@ -160,16 +160,16 @@ TOTAL_TESTS=0
 
 # Test each app
 for test in $TESTS_TO_RUN; do
-	TOTAL_TESTS=$((TOTAL_TESTS + 1))
-
-	test_functional_app "$test"
-	case $? in
-	0) PASSED_TESTS="$PASSED_TESTS $test" ;;
-	1) FAILED_TESTS="$FAILED_TESTS $test" ;;
-	2) BUILD_FAILED_TESTS="$BUILD_FAILED_TESTS $test" ;;
-	3) FAILED_TESTS="$FAILED_TESTS $test" ;;
-	esac
-	echo ""
+    TOTAL_TESTS=$((TOTAL_TESTS + 1))
+
+    test_functional_app "$test"
+    case $? in
+        0) PASSED_TESTS="$PASSED_TESTS $test" ;;
+        1) FAILED_TESTS="$FAILED_TESTS $test" ;;
+        2) BUILD_FAILED_TESTS="$BUILD_FAILED_TESTS $test" ;;
+        3) FAILED_TESTS="$FAILED_TESTS $test" ;;
+    esac
+    echo ""
 done
 
 # Summary
@@ -185,37 +185,37 @@ echo ""
 echo "[DEBUG] About to emit parseable output for $TOTAL_TESTS tests"
 echo "=== PARSEABLE_OUTPUT ==="
 for test in $TESTS_TO_RUN; do
-	# Output overall test result
-	if echo "$PASSED_TESTS" | grep -qw "$test"; then
-		echo "FUNCTIONAL_TEST:$test=passed"
-	elif echo "$FAILED_TESTS" | grep -qw "$test"; then
-		echo "FUNCTIONAL_TEST:$test=failed"
-	elif echo "$BUILD_FAILED_TESTS" | grep -qw "$test"; then
-		echo "FUNCTIONAL_TEST:$test=build_failed"
-	fi
-
-	# Output individual criteria results
-	if [ -n "${FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[$test]}" ]; then
-		expected_passes="${FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[$test]}"
-		IFS=',' read -ra PASS_CRITERIA <<<"$expected_passes"
-		for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
-			criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
-
-			if [ -n "${CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]}" ]; then
-				echo "FUNCTIONAL_CRITERIA:$test:$criteria_key=${CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]}"
-			fi
-		done
-	fi
+    # Output overall test result
+    if echo "$PASSED_TESTS" | grep -qw "$test"; then
+        echo "FUNCTIONAL_TEST:$test=passed"
+    elif echo "$FAILED_TESTS" | grep -qw "$test"; then
+        echo "FUNCTIONAL_TEST:$test=failed"
+    elif echo "$BUILD_FAILED_TESTS" | grep -qw "$test"; then
+        echo "FUNCTIONAL_TEST:$test=build_failed"
+    fi
+
+    # Output individual criteria results
+    if [ -n "${FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[$test]}" ]; then
+        expected_passes="${FUNCTIONAL_TESTS[$test]}"
+        IFS=',' read -ra PASS_CRITERIA <<< "$expected_passes"
+        for criteria in "${PASS_CRITERIA[@]}"; do
+            criteria_key=$(echo "$criteria" | sed 's/: PASS//g' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '_')
+
+            if [ -n "${CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]}" ]; then
+                echo "FUNCTIONAL_CRITERIA:$test:$criteria_key=${CRITERIA_RESULTS["$test:$criteria_key"]}"
+            fi
+        done
+    fi
 done
 
 echo "[DEBUG] Finished emitting parseable output"
 
 # Exit status
 if [ -n "$FAILED_TESTS" ] || [ -n "$BUILD_FAILED_TESTS" ]; then
-	echo ""
-	echo "[!] Step 3 functional tests FAILED"
-	exit 1
+    echo ""
+    echo "[!] Step 3 functional tests FAILED"
+    exit 1
 else
-	echo ""
-	echo "[+] Step 3 functional tests PASSED"
+    echo ""
+    echo "[+] Step 3 functional tests PASSED"
 fi
diff --git a/.ci/setup-toolchain.sh b/.ci/setup-toolchain.sh
index d52f8ed4..11bb26ad 100755
--- a/.ci/setup-toolchain.sh
+++ b/.ci/setup-toolchain.sh
@@ -9,54 +9,54 @@ TOOLCHAIN_TYPE="${1:-gnu}"
 
 # Setup RISC-V toolchain (unified for GNU and LLVM)
 setup_toolchain() {
-	local toolchain=$1
-	local compiler_name
-
-	# Determine compiler package name
-	case "$toolchain" in
-	gnu) compiler_name="gcc" ;;
-	llvm) compiler_name="llvm" ;;
-	*)
-		echo "Error: Unknown toolchain type '$toolchain'"
-		echo "Usage: $0 [gnu|llvm]"
-		exit 1
-		;;
-	esac
-
-	echo "[+] Setting up ${toolchain^^} RISC-V toolchain..."
-
-	# Construct download URL
-	local archive="riscv32-elf-${TOOLCHAIN_OS}-${compiler_name}.tar.xz"
-	#local archive="riscv32-elf-${TOOLCHAIN_OS}-${compiler_name}-nightly-${TOOLCHAIN_VERSION}-nightly.tar.xz"
-	local url="${TOOLCHAIN_REPO}/releases/download/${TOOLCHAIN_VERSION}/${archive}"
-
-	# Download and extract
-	echo "[+] Downloading $archive..."
-	wget -q "$url"
-
-	echo "[+] Extracting toolchain..."
-	tar -xf "$archive"
-
-	# Export to GitHub Actions environment
-	echo "[+] Exporting toolchain to PATH..."
-	echo "$PWD/riscv/bin" >>"$GITHUB_PATH"
-	echo "CROSS_COMPILE=riscv32-unknown-elf-" >>"$GITHUB_ENV"
-	echo "TOOLCHAIN_TYPE=$toolchain" >>"$GITHUB_ENV"
-
-	# Cleanup
-	rm -f "$archive"
-
-	echo "[+] Toolchain setup complete: $toolchain"
+    local toolchain=$1
+    local compiler_name
+
+    # Determine compiler package name
+    case "$toolchain" in
+        gnu) compiler_name="gcc" ;;
+        llvm) compiler_name="llvm" ;;
+        *)
+            echo "Error: Unknown toolchain type '$toolchain'"
+            echo "Usage: $0 [gnu|llvm]"
+            exit 1
+            ;;
+    esac
+
+    echo "[+] Setting up ${toolchain^^} RISC-V toolchain..."
+
+    # Construct download URL
+    local archive="riscv32-elf-${TOOLCHAIN_OS}-${compiler_name}.tar.xz"
+    #local archive="riscv32-elf-${TOOLCHAIN_OS}-${compiler_name}-nightly-${TOOLCHAIN_VERSION}-nightly.tar.xz"
+    local url="${TOOLCHAIN_REPO}/releases/download/${TOOLCHAIN_VERSION}/${archive}"
+
+    # Download and extract
+    echo "[+] Downloading $archive..."
+    wget -q "$url"
+
+    echo "[+] Extracting toolchain..."
+    tar -xf "$archive"
+
+    # Export to GitHub Actions environment
+    echo "[+] Exporting toolchain to PATH..."
+    echo "$PWD/riscv/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+    echo "CROSS_COMPILE=riscv32-unknown-elf-" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+    echo "TOOLCHAIN_TYPE=$toolchain" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
+    # Cleanup
+    rm -f "$archive"
+
+    echo "[+] Toolchain setup complete: $toolchain"
 }
 
 # Validate toolchain type and setup
 case "$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE" in
-gnu | llvm)
-	setup_toolchain "$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE"
-	;;
-*)
-	echo "Error: Unknown toolchain type '$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE'"
-	echo "Usage: $0 [gnu|llvm]"
-	exit 1
-	;;
+    gnu | llvm)
+        setup_toolchain "$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE"
+        ;;
+    *)
+        echo "Error: Unknown toolchain type '$TOOLCHAIN_TYPE'"
+        echo "Usage: $0 [gnu|llvm]"
+        exit 1
+        ;;
 esac
diff --git a/.editorconfig b/.editorconfig
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21de05aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Top-level EditorConfig file
+root = true
+
+# Shell script-specific settings
+[*.sh]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+end_of_line = lf
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+function_next_line = true
+switch_case_indent = true
+space_redirects = true
+binary_next_line = true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index f30c16b1..24148f07 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -25,7 +25,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install base dependencies
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential qemu-system-riscv32 wget
+          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential qemu-system-riscv32 wget clang-format-18 shfmt
+
+      - name: Check code formatting
+        run: .ci/check-format.sh
+
+      - name: Check newline at end of files
+        run: .ci/check-newline.sh
 
       - name: Setup ${{ matrix.toolchain }} toolchain
         run: .ci/setup-toolchain.sh ${{ matrix.toolchain }}