diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/ast.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/ast.ts
index 4069268c1ae0..6c3056f27e75 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/ast.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/ast.ts
@@ -323,6 +323,8 @@ export function optimizeAst(
 
       if (nodes.length === 0) return
 
+
+
       // Rules with `&` as the selector should be flattened
       if (node.selector === '&') {
         parent.push(...nodes)
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.ts
index 5954040017d2..a988ef25149e 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.ts
@@ -145,7 +145,18 @@ export function buildPluginApi({
         designSystem.variants.static(
           name,
           (r) => {
-            r.nodes = parseVariantValue(variant, r.nodes)
+            let body = parseVariantValue(variant, r.nodes)
+
+            const isBlock =
+              typeof variant === 'string'
+                ? variant.trim().endsWith('}')
+                : variant.some((v) => v.trim().endsWith('}'))
+
+            if (isBlock && body.length === 1 && body[0].kind === 'at-rule') {
+              return body[0]
+            }
+
+            r.nodes = body
           },
           {
             compounds: compoundsForSelectors(typeof variant === 'string' ? [variant] : variant),
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compile.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compile.ts
index 82ac77eb1d6e..40fe8542a8af 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compile.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compile.ts
@@ -197,6 +197,10 @@ export function applyVariant(
   // not hitting this code path.
   let { applyFn } = variants.get(variant.root)!
 
+
+
+  let originalSelector = node.kind === 'rule' ? (node as StyleRule).selector : undefined
+
   if (variant.kind === 'compound') {
     // Some variants traverse the AST to mutate the nodes. E.g.: `group-*` wants
     // to prefix every selector of the variant it's compounding with `.group`.
@@ -255,6 +259,47 @@ export function applyVariant(
   // All other variants
   let result = applyFn(node, variant)
   if (result === null) return null
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  if (result && typeof result === 'object' && 'kind' in (result as any)) {
+    const newNode = result as AstNode
+    if (newNode.kind === 'at-rule' && originalSelector) {
+      let replaced = false
+      walk(newNode.nodes, (child) => {
+        if (child.kind === 'rule' && child.selector === '&') {
+          child.selector = originalSelector!
+          replaced = true
+        }
+      })
+
+      if (!replaced) {
+        newNode.nodes = [rule(originalSelector!, newNode.nodes)]
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    if (newNode.kind === 'at-rule') {
+      ;(node as any).kind = 'at-rule'
+      ;(node as any).name = newNode.name
+      ;(node as any).params = newNode.params
+      ;(node as any).nodes = newNode.nodes
+
+      delete (node as any).selector
+    } else if (newNode.kind === 'rule') {
+      ;(node as any).kind = 'rule'
+      ;(node as any).selector = newNode.selector
+      ;(node as any).nodes = newNode.nodes
+      delete (node as any).name
+      delete (node as any).params
+    } else {
+
+      ;(node as any).nodes = (newNode as any).nodes ?? []
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 function isFallbackUtility(utility: Utility) {
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/variants.scope.test.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/variants.scope.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..17c0caa62f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/variants.scope.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { test, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { compile } from '.'
+import type { PluginAPI } from './compat/plugin-api'
+
+const css = String.raw
+
+test('custom variants using @scope should wrap correctly', async () => {
+  let compiler = await compile(
+    css`
+      @theme {
+        --color-red-500: #ef4444;
+      }
+      @tailwind utilities;
+      @plugin 'my-plugin';
+    `,
+    {
+      loadModule: async (id) => {
+        if (id === 'my-plugin') {
+          return {
+            path: '',
+            base: '',
+            module: ({ addVariant }: PluginAPI) => {
+              addVariant('scoped', '@scope (.theme) { & }')
+            },
+          }
+        }
+        return { path: '', base: '', module: () => {} }
+      },
+    },
+  )
+
+  let result = compiler.build(['scoped:bg-red-500'])
+
+  // 👇 Move your debug log here
+  console.log('\n\n=== GENERATED CSS ===\n', result, '\n====================\n\n')
+
+  expect(result).toContain('@scope (.theme)')
+  expect(result).toContain('.scoped\\:bg-red-500')
+  // The @scope at-rule should wrap the selector: @scope { .selector { ... } }
+  expect(result.indexOf('@scope')).toBeLessThan(result.indexOf('.scoped\\:bg-red-500'))
+
+})
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/variants.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/variants.ts
index 82a2b8592cfe..c432f9754104 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/variants.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/variants.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export const IS_VALID_VARIANT_NAME = /^@?[a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*(?<![_-])$/
 type VariantFn<T extends Variant['kind']> = (
   rule: Rule,
   variant: Extract<Variant, { kind: T }>,
-) => null | void
+) => null | void | AstNode
 
 type CompareFn = (a: Variant, z: Variant) => number