Rollup merge of rust-lang#90687 - jhpratt:const_panic, r=oli-obk

Permit const panics in stable const contexts in stdlib

Without this change, it is not possible to use `panic!` and similar (including `assert!`) in stable const contexts inside of stdlib. See rust-lang#89542 for a real-world case that currently fails for this reason. This does _not_ affect any user code.

For example, this snippet currently fails to compile:

```rust
#[stable(feature = "foo", since = "1.0.0")]
#[rustc_const_stable(feature = "foo", since = "1.0.0")]
const fn foo() {
    assert!(false);
    assert!(false, "foo");
}
```

With the addition of `#[rustc_const_unstable]` to `core::panicking::panic`, the error no longer occurs. This snippet has been added verbatim in this PR as a UI test.

To avoid needing to add `#![feature(core_panic)]` to libcore, the two instances of direct calls to `core::panicking::panic` have been switched to use the `panic!` macro.

I am requesting prioritization because this is holding up other stabilizations such as rust-lang#89542 (which is otherwise ready to merge and succeeds with this change)

Author: matthiaskrgr

core/src/panicking.rs

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ use crate::panic::{Location, PanicInfo};
 #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "panic_immediate_abort"), inline(never))]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "panic_immediate_abort", inline)]
 #[track_caller]
+#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "core_panic", issue = "none")]
 #[lang = "panic"] // needed by codegen for panic on overflow and other `Assert` MIR terminators
 pub const fn panic(expr: &'static str) -> ! {
     // Use Arguments::new_v1 instead of format_args!("{}", expr) to potentially

core/src/time.rs

@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ impl Duration {
     pub const fn from_secs_f64(secs: f64) -> Duration {
         match Duration::try_from_secs_f64(secs) {
             Ok(v) => v,
-            Err(e) => crate::panicking::panic(e.description()),
+            Err(e) => panic!("{}", e.description()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ impl Duration {
     pub const fn from_secs_f32(secs: f32) -> Duration {
         match Duration::try_from_secs_f32(secs) {
             Ok(v) => v,
-            Err(e) => crate::panicking::panic(e.description()),
+            Err(e) => panic!("{}", e.description()),
         }
     }