diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e93abdb2..98643c2b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ clear to read and to maintain.
   - [`toHaveErrorMessage`](#tohaveerrormessage)
   - [`toBePressed`](#tobepressed)
   - [`toBePartiallyPressed`](#tobepartiallypressed)
+  - [`toAppearBefore`](#toappearbefore)
+  - [`toAppearAfter`](#toappearafter)
 - [Deprecated matchers](#deprecated-matchers)
   - [`toBeEmpty`](#tobeempty)
   - [`toBeInTheDOM`](#tobeinthedom)
@@ -1386,6 +1388,72 @@ screen
   .toBePartiallyPressed()
 ```
 
+<hr />
+
+### `toAppearBefore`
+
+This checks if a given element appears before another element in the DOM tree,
+as per
+[`compareDocumentPosition()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node/compareDocumentPosition).
+
+```typescript
+toAppearBefore()
+```
+
+#### Examples
+
+```html
+<div>
+  <span data-testid="text-a">Text A</span>
+  <span data-testid="text-b">Text B</span>
+</div>
+```
+
+```javascript
+const textA = queryByTestId('text-a')
+const textB = queryByTestId('text-b')
+
+expect(textA).toAppearBefore(textB)
+expect(textB).not.toAppearBefore(textA)
+```
+
+> Note: This matcher does not take into account CSS styles that may modify the
+> display order of elements, eg:
+>
+> - `flex-direction: row-reverse`,
+> - `flex-direction: column-reverse`,
+> - `display: grid`
+
+### `toAppearAfter`
+
+This checks if a given element appears after another element in the DOM tree, as
+per
+[`compareDocumentPosition()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node/compareDocumentPosition).
+
+```typescript
+toAppearAfter()
+```
+
+#### Examples
+
+```html
+<div>
+  <span data-testid="text-a">Text A</span>
+  <span data-testid="text-b">Text B</span>
+</div>
+```
+
+```javascript
+const textA = queryByTestId('text-a')
+const textB = queryByTestId('text-b')
+
+expect(textB).toAppearAfter(textA)
+expect(textA).not.toAppearAfter(textB)
+```
+
+> Note: This matcher does not take into account CSS styles that may modify the
+> display order of elements, see [`toAppearBefore()`](#toappearbefore)
+
 ## Deprecated matchers
 
 ### `toBeEmpty`
diff --git a/src/__tests__/to-appear-before.js b/src/__tests__/to-appear-before.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6af15e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/__tests__/to-appear-before.js
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import {render} from './helpers/test-utils'
+
+describe('.toAppearBefore', () => {
+  const {queryByTestId} = render(`
+    <div>
+      <div data-testid='div-a'>
+        <span data-testid='text-a'>Text A</span>
+        <span data-testid='text-b'>Text B</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    `)
+
+  const textA = queryByTestId('text-a')
+  const textB = queryByTestId('text-b')
+  const divA = queryByTestId('div-a')
+
+  it('returns correct result when first element is before second element', () => {
+    expect(textA).toAppearBefore(textB)
+  })
+
+  it('returns correct for .not() invocation', () => {
+    expect(textB).not.toAppearBefore(textA)
+  })
+
+  it('errors out when first element is not before second element', () => {
+    expect(() => expect(textB).toAppearBefore(textA)).toThrowError(
+      /Received: Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_PRECEDING \(2\)/i,
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('errors out when .not is used but first element is actually before second element', () => {
+    expect(() => expect(textA).not.toAppearBefore(textB)).toThrowError(
+      /\.not\.toAppearBefore/i,
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('errors out when first element is parent of second element', () => {
+    expect(() => expect(divA).toAppearBefore(textA)).toThrowError(
+      /Received: Unknown document position \(20\)/i,
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('errors out when first element is child of second element', () => {
+    expect(() => expect(textA).toAppearBefore(divA)).toThrowError(
+      /Received: Unknown document position \(10\)/i,
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('errors out when either first or second element is not HTMLElement', () => {
+    expect(() => expect(1).toAppearBefore(textB)).toThrowError()
+    expect(() => expect(textA).toAppearBefore(1)).toThrowError()
+  })
+})
+
+describe('.toAppearAfter', () => {
+  const {queryByTestId} = render(`
+    <div>
+      <div data-testid='div-a'>
+        <span data-testid='text-a'>Text A</span>
+        <span data-testid='text-b'>Text B</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    `)
+
+  const textA = queryByTestId('text-a')
+  const textB = queryByTestId('text-b')
+  const divA = queryByTestId('div-a')
+
+  it('returns correct result when first element is after second element', () => {
+    expect(textB).toAppearAfter(textA)
+  })
+
+  it('returns correct for .not() invocation', () => {
+    expect(textA).not.toAppearAfter(textB)
+  })
+
+  it('errors out when first element is not after second element', () => {
+    expect(() => expect(textA).toAppearAfter(textB)).toThrowError(
+      /Received: Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING \(4\)/i,
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('errors out when .not is used but first element is actually after second element', () => {
+    expect(() => expect(textB).not.toAppearAfter(textA)).toThrowError(
+      /\.not\.toAppearAfter/i,
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('errors out when first element is parent of second element', () => {
+    expect(() => expect(divA).toAppearAfter(textA)).toThrowError(
+      /Received: Unknown document position \(20\)/i,
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('errors out when first element is child of second element', () => {
+    expect(() => expect(textA).toAppearAfter(divA)).toThrowError(
+      /Received: Unknown document position \(10\)/i,
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('errors out when either first or second element is not HTMLElement', () => {
+    expect(() => expect(1).toAppearAfter(textB)).toThrowError()
+    expect(() => expect(textA).toAppearAfter(1)).toThrowError()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/matchers.js b/src/matchers.js
index e121edb8..f67054f4 100644
--- a/src/matchers.js
+++ b/src/matchers.js
@@ -27,3 +27,4 @@ export {toHaveErrorMessage} from './to-have-errormessage'
 export {toHaveSelection} from './to-have-selection'
 export {toBePressed} from './to-be-pressed'
 export {toBePartiallyPressed} from './to-be-partially-pressed'
+export {toAppearBefore, toAppearAfter} from './to-appear-before'
diff --git a/src/to-appear-before.js b/src/to-appear-before.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66ccd212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/to-appear-before.js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import {checkHtmlElement} from './utils'
+
+// ref: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node/compareDocumentPosition
+const DOCUMENT_POSITIONS_STRINGS = {
+  [Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_DISCONNECTED]: 'Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_DISCONNECTED',
+  [Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_PRECEDING]: 'Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_PRECEDING',
+  [Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING]: 'Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING',
+  [Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINS]: 'Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINS',
+  [Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINED_BY]: 'Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINED_BY',
+  [Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_IMPLEMENTATION_SPECIFIC]:
+    'Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_IMPLEMENTATION_SPECIFIC',
+}
+
+function makeDocumentPositionErrorString(documentPosition) {
+  if (documentPosition in DOCUMENT_POSITIONS_STRINGS) {
+    return `${DOCUMENT_POSITIONS_STRINGS[documentPosition]} (${documentPosition})`
+  }
+
+  return `Unknown document position (${documentPosition})`
+}
+
+function checkToAppear(methodName, targetDocumentPosition) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line func-names
+  return function (element, secondElement) {
+    checkHtmlElement(element, toAppearBefore, this)
+    checkHtmlElement(secondElement, toAppearBefore, this)
+
+    const documentPosition = element.compareDocumentPosition(secondElement)
+    const pass = documentPosition === targetDocumentPosition
+
+    return {
+      pass,
+      message: () => {
+        return [
+          this.utils.matcherHint(
+            `${this.isNot ? '.not' : ''}.${methodName}`,
+            'element',
+            'secondElement',
+          ),
+          '',
+          `Received: ${makeDocumentPositionErrorString(documentPosition)}`,
+        ].join('\n')
+      },
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export function toAppearBefore(element, secondElement) {
+  return checkToAppear(
+    'toAppearBefore',
+    Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING,
+  ).apply(this, [element, secondElement])
+}
+
+export function toAppearAfter(element, secondElement) {
+  return checkToAppear('toAppearAfter', Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_PRECEDING).apply(
+    this,
+    [element, secondElement],
+  )
+}
diff --git a/types/matchers.d.ts b/types/matchers.d.ts
index 34fdaff8..82de01dc 100755
--- a/types/matchers.d.ts
+++ b/types/matchers.d.ts
@@ -810,6 +810,46 @@ declare namespace matchers {
      * [testing-library/jest-dom#tobepartiallypressed](https://github.com/testing-library/jest-dom#tobepartiallypressed)
      */
     toBePartiallyPressed(): R
+    /*
+     * @description
+     * This checks if a given element appears before another element in the DOM tree, as per [`compareDocumentPosition()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node/compareDocumentPosition).
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <div>
+     *   <span data-testid="text-a">Text A</span>
+     *   <span data-testid="text-b">Text B</span>
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * const textA = queryByTestId('text-a')
+     * const textB = queryByTestId('text-b')
+     *
+     * expect(textA).toAppearBefore(textB)
+     * expect(textB).not.toAppearBefore(textA)
+     *
+     * @See
+     * [testing-library/jest-dom#toappearbefore](https://github.com/testing-library/jest-dom#toappearbefore)
+     */
+    toAppearBefore(element: HTMLElement | SVGElement): R
+    /*
+     * @description
+     * This checks if a given element appears after another element in the DOM tree, as per [`compareDocumentPosition()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node/compareDocumentPosition).
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <div>
+     *   <span data-testid="text-a">Text A</span>
+     *   <span data-testid="text-b">Text B</span>
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * const textA = queryByTestId('text-a')
+     * const textB = queryByTestId('text-b')
+     *
+     * expect(textB).toAppearAfter(textA)
+     * expect(textA).not.toAppearAfter(textB)
+     *
+     * @See
+     * [testing-library/jest-dom#toappearafter](https://github.com/testing-library/jest-dom#toappearafter)
+     */
+    toAppearAfter(element: HTMLElement | SVGElement): R
   }
 }