[clang][DebugInfo] Emit DW_AT_object_pointer on function definitions with explicit this (llvm#122897)

We currently don't emit `DW_AT_object_pointer` on function declarations
or definitions. GCC suffers from the same issue:
https://godbolt.org/z/h4jeT54G5

Fixing this will help LLDB in identifying static vs. non-static member
functions (see llvm#120856).

If I interpreted the DWARFv5 spec correctly, it doesn't mandate this
attribute be present *only* for implicit object parameters:
```
If the member function entry describes a non-static member function,
then that entry has a DW_AT_object_pointer attribute whose value is a reference to
the formal parameter entry that corresponds to the object for which the
function is called.

That parameter also has a DW_AT_artificial attribute whose value is true.
```

This patch attaches the `DW_AT_object_pointer` for function
*defintions*. The declarations will be handled in a separate patch.

The part about `DW_AT_artificial` seems overly restrictive, and not true
for explicit object parameters. We probably should relax this part of
the DWARF spec.

Partially fixes llvm#120974

Author: Michael137

clang/lib/CodeGen/CGDebugInfo.cpp

@@ -4829,6 +4829,9 @@ llvm::DILocalVariable *CGDebugInfo::EmitDeclare(const VarDecl *VD,
     if (IPD->getParameterKind() == ImplicitParamKind::CXXThis ||
         IPD->getParameterKind() == ImplicitParamKind::ObjCSelf)
       Flags |= llvm::DINode::FlagObjectPointer;
+  } else if (const auto *PVD = dyn_cast<ParmVarDecl>(VD)) {
+    if (PVD->isExplicitObjectParameter())
+      Flags |= llvm::DINode::FlagObjectPointer;
   }
 
   // Note: Older versions of clang used to emit byval references with an extra

clang/test/CodeGenCXX/debug-info-object-pointer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -x c++ -std=c++23 -debug-info-kind=limited -emit-llvm < %s | FileCheck %s
+
+// CHECK: !DISubprogram(name: "bar",
+// CHECK-SAME:          flags: DIFlagPrototyped
+// CHECK: !DIDerivedType(tag: DW_TAG_pointer_type
+// CHECK-SAME:           flags: DIFlagArtificial | DIFlagObjectPointer
+//
+// // FIXME: DIFlagObjectPointer not attached to the explicit object
+// // argument in the subprogram declaration.
+// CHECK: !DISubprogram(name: "explicit_this",
+//                      flags: DIFlagPrototyped
+// CHECK-NOT: DIFlagObjectPointer
+// CHECK-NOT: DIFlagArtificial
+//
+// CHECK: !DILocalVariable(name: "this", arg: 1
+// CHECK-SAME:             flags: DIFlagArtificial | DIFlagObjectPointer
+//
+// CHECK-NOT: DIFlagArtificial
+// CHECK: !DILocalVariable(arg: 1, {{.*}}, flags: DIFlagObjectPointer)
+
+struct Foo {
+  void bar() {}
+  void explicit_this(this Foo &&) {}
+};
+
+void f() {
+  Foo{}.bar();
+  Foo{}.explicit_this();
+}