diff --git a/NAMESPACE b/NAMESPACE
index ad091a9..aa8e911 100644
--- a/NAMESPACE
+++ b/NAMESPACE
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 # Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
 
 S3method(augment,orbital_class)
+S3method(estimate_adj_chars,default)
+S3method(estimate_adj_chars,equivocal_zone)
+S3method(estimate_adj_chars,numeric_range)
+S3method(estimate_adj_chars,predictions_custom)
+S3method(estimate_adj_chars,probability_threshold)
 S3method(estimate_orbital_size,catboost.Model)
 S3method(estimate_orbital_size,constparty)
 S3method(estimate_orbital_size,default)
@@ -16,6 +21,35 @@ S3method(estimate_orbital_size,rpart)
 S3method(estimate_orbital_size,tailor)
 S3method(estimate_orbital_size,workflow)
 S3method(estimate_orbital_size,xgb.Booster)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,default)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_adasyn)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_bsmote)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_center)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_corr)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_downsample)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_dummy)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_filter_missing)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_impute_mean)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_impute_median)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_indicate_na)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_lincomb)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_log)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_mutate)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_nearmiss)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_normalize)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_nzv)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_pca)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_range)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_rm)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_rose)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_scale)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_select)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_smote)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_smotenc)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_sqrt)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_tomek)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_upsample)
+S3method(estimate_step_chars,step_zv)
 S3method(orbital,catboost.Model)
 S3method(orbital,constparty)
 S3method(orbital,default)
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index af80308..e56acf9 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 # orbital (development version)
+
+## Improvements
+
 * `estimate_orbital_size()` is a new function that quickly estimates the character count of the orbital expression for a model without generating it. (#144)
 
+## Bug fixes
+
 * `step_dummy()` and `step_indicate_na()` now generate SQL compatible with Snowflake and other databases that don't support casting booleans directly to numeric types. (#145)
 
 # orbital 0.5.0
diff --git a/R/adjust_equivocal_zone.R b/R/adjust_equivocal_zone.R
index a038010..d6b8a2a 100644
--- a/R/adjust_equivocal_zone.R
+++ b/R/adjust_equivocal_zone.R
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ orbital.equivocal_zone <- function(x, tailor, type, prefix, ...) {
 }
 
 # dplyr::case_when with 3 branches and arithmetic ~= 120 chars
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_adj_chars.equivocal_zone <- function(x, ...) {
   120L
 }
diff --git a/R/adjust_numeric_range.R b/R/adjust_numeric_range.R
index 7eaf22b..9e94027 100644
--- a/R/adjust_numeric_range.R
+++ b/R/adjust_numeric_range.R
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ orbital.numeric_range <- function(x, tailor, ...) {
 }
 
 # dplyr::case_when with 2-3 branches ~= 80 chars
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_adj_chars.numeric_range <- function(x, ...) {
   lower <- x$arguments$lower_limit
   upper <- x$arguments$upper_limit
diff --git a/R/adjust_predictions_custom.R b/R/adjust_predictions_custom.R
index b4b8574..b538925 100644
--- a/R/adjust_predictions_custom.R
+++ b/R/adjust_predictions_custom.R
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ orbital.predictions_custom <- function(x, ...) {
 }
 
 # Estimate based on number of expressions, ~50 chars each
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_adj_chars.predictions_custom <- function(x, ...) {
   n_exprs <- length(x$arguments$commands)
   if (n_exprs == 0) {
diff --git a/R/adjust_probability_threshold.R b/R/adjust_probability_threshold.R
index 665c612..9fca217 100644
--- a/R/adjust_probability_threshold.R
+++ b/R/adjust_probability_threshold.R
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ orbital.probability_threshold <- function(x, tailor, type, prefix, ...) {
 }
 
 # dplyr::case_when with 3 branches ~= 100 chars
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_adj_chars.probability_threshold <- function(x, ...) {
   100L
 }
diff --git a/R/estimate-size.R b/R/estimate-size.R
index c9126f8..f5f3015 100644
--- a/R/estimate-size.R
+++ b/R/estimate-size.R
@@ -420,6 +420,7 @@ estimate_step_chars <- function(x, ...) {
 
 # Default: estimate based on number of columns affected
 # Most steps produce ~40 chars per column as a rough baseline
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.default <- function(x, ...) {
   n_cols <- length(x$columns %||% 0L)
   as.integer(n_cols * 40)
@@ -433,6 +434,7 @@ estimate_adj_chars <- function(x, ...) {
 }
 
 # Default: most adjustments produce ~80 chars for a case_when expression
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_adj_chars.default <- function(x, ...) {
   80L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_adasyn.R b/R/step_adasyn.R
index 74bca7e..d2d6f9f 100644
--- a/R/step_adasyn.R
+++ b/R/step_adasyn.R
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ orbital.step_adasyn <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   )
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_adasyn <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_bsmote.R b/R/step_bsmote.R
index 29264d6..3171e2b 100644
--- a/R/step_bsmote.R
+++ b/R/step_bsmote.R
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ orbital.step_bsmote <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   )
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_bsmote <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_center.R b/R/step_center.R
index b0cc06a..787ebb1 100644
--- a/R/step_center.R
+++ b/R/step_center.R
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ orbital.step_center <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_center <- function(x, ...) {
   n_cols <- length(x$means)
   if (n_cols == 0) {
diff --git a/R/step_corr.R b/R/step_corr.R
index bcae455..c8ccf9a 100644
--- a/R/step_corr.R
+++ b/R/step_corr.R
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ orbital.step_corr <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   NULL
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_corr <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_downsample.R b/R/step_downsample.R
index b2a5340..681693a 100644
--- a/R/step_downsample.R
+++ b/R/step_downsample.R
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ orbital.step_downsample <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   )
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_downsample <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_dummy.R b/R/step_dummy.R
index 7fd1caf..e7f188f 100644
--- a/R/step_dummy.R
+++ b/R/step_dummy.R
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ orbital.step_dummy <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_dummy <- function(x, ...) {
   total <- 0L
   for (var in names(x$levels)) {
diff --git a/R/step_filter_missing.R b/R/step_filter_missing.R
index 054ae35..45a02d2 100644
--- a/R/step_filter_missing.R
+++ b/R/step_filter_missing.R
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ orbital.step_filter_missing <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   NULL
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_filter_missing <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_impute_mean.R b/R/step_impute_mean.R
index 4f08451..3f0aa5c 100644
--- a/R/step_impute_mean.R
+++ b/R/step_impute_mean.R
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ orbital.step_impute_mean <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_impute_mean <- function(x, ...) {
   n_cols <- length(x$means)
   if (n_cols == 0) {
diff --git a/R/step_impute_median.R b/R/step_impute_median.R
index 018d9b1..e39811f 100644
--- a/R/step_impute_median.R
+++ b/R/step_impute_median.R
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ orbital.step_impute_median <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_impute_median <- function(x, ...) {
   n_cols <- length(x$medians)
   if (n_cols == 0) {
diff --git a/R/step_indicate_na.R b/R/step_indicate_na.R
index 5195c6c..8429431 100644
--- a/R/step_indicate_na.R
+++ b/R/step_indicate_na.R
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ orbital.step_indicate_na <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_indicate_na <- function(x, ...) {
   n_cols <- length(x$columns)
   if (n_cols == 0) {
diff --git a/R/step_lincomb.R b/R/step_lincomb.R
index 160944e..7e2472b 100644
--- a/R/step_lincomb.R
+++ b/R/step_lincomb.R
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ orbital.step_lincomb <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   NULL
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_lincomb <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_log.R b/R/step_log.R
index c99ea97..ab75166 100644
--- a/R/step_log.R
+++ b/R/step_log.R
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ orbital.step_log <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_log <- function(x, ...) {
   n_cols <- length(x$columns)
   if (n_cols == 0) {
diff --git a/R/step_mutate.R b/R/step_mutate.R
index e27a97d..c231e4b 100644
--- a/R/step_mutate.R
+++ b/R/step_mutate.R
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ orbital.step_mutate <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_mutate <- function(x, ...) {
   n_exprs <- length(x$inputs)
   as.integer(n_exprs * 50)
diff --git a/R/step_nearmiss.R b/R/step_nearmiss.R
index aee538a..44ac994 100644
--- a/R/step_nearmiss.R
+++ b/R/step_nearmiss.R
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ orbital.step_nearmiss <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   )
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_nearmiss <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_normalize.R b/R/step_normalize.R
index cd20aab..6458ea3 100644
--- a/R/step_normalize.R
+++ b/R/step_normalize.R
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ orbital.step_normalize <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_normalize <- function(x, ...) {
   n_cols <- length(x$means)
   if (n_cols == 0) {
diff --git a/R/step_nzv.R b/R/step_nzv.R
index a8e8bb8..5a08d72 100644
--- a/R/step_nzv.R
+++ b/R/step_nzv.R
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ orbital.step_nzv <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   NULL
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_nzv <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_pca.R b/R/step_pca.R
index d773455..9f928f3 100644
--- a/R/step_pca.R
+++ b/R/step_pca.R
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ orbital.step_pca <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_pca <- function(x, ...) {
   rot <- x$res$rotation
   n_components <- ncol(rot)
diff --git a/R/step_range.R b/R/step_range.R
index d3fcf70..1f04e55 100644
--- a/R/step_range.R
+++ b/R/step_range.R
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ orbital.step_range <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_range <- function(x, ...) {
   n_cols <- ncol(x$ranges)
   if (n_cols == 0) {
diff --git a/R/step_rm.R b/R/step_rm.R
index d71a7bd..a3f7c2c 100644
--- a/R/step_rm.R
+++ b/R/step_rm.R
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ orbital.step_rm <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   NULL
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_rm <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_rose.R b/R/step_rose.R
index aba4ac4..38e4f1b 100644
--- a/R/step_rose.R
+++ b/R/step_rose.R
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ orbital.step_rose <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   )
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_rose <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_scale.R b/R/step_scale.R
index 3393285..ff3f008 100644
--- a/R/step_scale.R
+++ b/R/step_scale.R
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ orbital.step_scale <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_scale <- function(x, ...) {
   n_cols <- length(x$sds)
   if (n_cols == 0) {
diff --git a/R/step_select.R b/R/step_select.R
index 3d16946..b61e0ff 100644
--- a/R/step_select.R
+++ b/R/step_select.R
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ orbital.step_select <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   NULL
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_select <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_smote.R b/R/step_smote.R
index e72d273..d123f32 100644
--- a/R/step_smote.R
+++ b/R/step_smote.R
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ orbital.step_smote <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   )
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_smote <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_smotenc.R b/R/step_smotenc.R
index 4e5e363..ad6dd9b 100644
--- a/R/step_smotenc.R
+++ b/R/step_smotenc.R
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ orbital.step_smotenc <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   )
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_smotenc <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_sqrt.R b/R/step_sqrt.R
index 1677f87..9f9046c 100644
--- a/R/step_sqrt.R
+++ b/R/step_sqrt.R
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ orbital.step_sqrt <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   out
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_sqrt <- function(x, ...) {
   n_cols <- length(x$columns)
   if (n_cols == 0) {
diff --git a/R/step_tomek.R b/R/step_tomek.R
index 786e67f..9e84596 100644
--- a/R/step_tomek.R
+++ b/R/step_tomek.R
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ orbital.step_tomek <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   )
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_tomek <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_upsample.R b/R/step_upsample.R
index 240a853..2e43c9e 100644
--- a/R/step_upsample.R
+++ b/R/step_upsample.R
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ orbital.step_upsample <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   )
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_upsample <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }
diff --git a/R/step_zv.R b/R/step_zv.R
index c615e12..2858d4b 100644
--- a/R/step_zv.R
+++ b/R/step_zv.R
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ orbital.step_zv <- function(x, all_vars, ...) {
   NULL
 }
 
+#' @exportS3Method
 estimate_step_chars.step_zv <- function(x, ...) {
   0L
 }