subscriber: enable TestWriter to write to stderr (#3187)

It can be useful to have a TestWriter that does not log to stdout but
stderr instead. For example, that allows for potentially easier
filtering of tracing output (because the remaining output of, say, cargo
test goes to stdout) or to mirror behavior of env_logger, which by
default logs to stderr.
Introduce the TestWriter::with_stderr() constructor to enable such
usage. The default is left unchanged.

Co-authored-by: David Barsky <[email protected]>

Author: d-e-s-o

tracing-subscriber/src/fmt/writer.rs

@@ -495,8 +495,10 @@ pub struct MutexGuardWriter<'a, W>(MutexGuard<'a, W>);
 ///
 /// `TestWriter` is used by [`fmt::Collector`] or [`fmt::Subscriber`] to enable capturing support.
 ///
-/// `cargo test` can only capture output from the standard library's [`print!`] macro. See
-/// [`libtest`'s output capturing][capturing] for more details about output capturing.
+/// `cargo test` can only capture output from the standard library's [`print!`] and [`eprint!`]
+/// macros. See [`libtest`'s output capturing][capturing] and
+/// [rust-lang/rust#90785](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/90785) for more details about
+/// output capturing.
 ///
 /// Writing to [`io::stdout`] and [`io::stderr`] produces the same results as using
 /// [`libtest`'s `--nocapture` option][nocapture] which may make the results look unreadable.
@@ -510,7 +512,9 @@ pub struct MutexGuardWriter<'a, W>(MutexGuard<'a, W>);
 /// [`print!`]: std::print!
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
 pub struct TestWriter {
-    _p: (),
+    /// Whether or not to use `stderr` instead of the default `stdout` as
+    /// the underlying stream to write to.
+    use_stderr: bool,
 }
 
 /// A writer that erases the specific [`io::Write`] and [`MakeWriter`] types being used.
@@ -670,12 +674,23 @@ impl TestWriter {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self::default()
     }
+
+    /// Returns a new `TestWriter` that writes to `stderr` instead of `stdout`.
+    pub fn with_stderr() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            use_stderr: true,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl io::Write for TestWriter {
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
         let out_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(buf);
-        print!("{}", out_str);
+        if self.use_stderr {
+            eprint!("{}", out_str)
+        } else {
+            print!("{}", out_str)
+        }
         Ok(buf.len())
     }