Changelog

All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.

The format is based on Keep a Changelog, and this project adheres to Semantic Versioning.

Unreleased

2.8.0 - 2025-11-01

Added

ActiveRecord Pattern - Optional lightweight ORM for object-based database operations:
- Magic attribute access - $user->name, $user->email
- Automatic CRUD - save(), delete(), refresh()
- Dirty tracking - Track changed attributes automatically
- Declarative validation - Rules-based validation with extensible validators (required, email, integer, string, custom)
- Lifecycle events - PSR-14 events for save, insert, update, delete operations
- ActiveQuery builder - Full QueryBuilder API through find() method
- Model base class with complete ActiveRecord implementation
- ValidatorInterface for custom validation rules
- Comprehensive examples in examples/23-active-record/
- Complete documentation in documentation/05-advanced-features/active-record.md
- Comprehensive test coverage with edge case testing
Query Performance Profiling - Built-in profiler for performance analysis:
- Automatic tracking of all query executions
- Execution time measurement (total, average, min, max)
- Memory usage tracking per query
- Slow query detection with configurable threshold
- Query grouping by SQL structure (same query pattern grouped together)
- PSR-3 logger integration for slow query logging
- Statistics reset for new measurement periods
- enableProfiling(), disableProfiling(), getProfilerStats(), getSlowestQueries() methods
- Complete documentation in documentation/05-advanced-features/query-profiling.md
- Examples in examples/21-query-profiling/
Materialized CTE Support - Performance optimization for expensive queries:
- QueryBuilder::withMaterialized() method for PostgreSQL and MySQL
- PostgreSQL: Uses MATERIALIZED keyword
- MySQL: Uses optimizer hints
- Automatically cached expensive CTE computations
- Cross-database support (PostgreSQL 12+, MySQL 8.0+)
- Examples in examples/17-cte/03-materialized-cte.php
- Documentation updates in documentation/03-query-builder/cte.md
PSR-14 Event Dispatcher Integration - Event-driven architecture:
- ConnectionOpenedEvent - Fired when connection is opened
- QueryExecutedEvent - Fired after successful query execution
- QueryErrorEvent - Fired when query error occurs
- TransactionStartedEvent, TransactionCommittedEvent, TransactionRolledBackEvent
- Works with any PSR-14 compatible event dispatcher (Symfony, League, custom)
- Examples in examples/19-events/
- Complete integration guide in documentation
Enhanced EXPLAIN with Recommendations - Automatic query optimization analysis:
- QueryBuilder::explainAdvice() method (renamed from explainWithRecommendations)
- Automatic detection of full table scans
- Missing index identification with SQL suggestions
- Filesort and temporary table warnings
- Dialect-aware parsing (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite)
- Structured recommendations with severity levels
- Enhanced documentation and examples
Comprehensive Exception Testing - Full test coverage for exception handling:
- ExceptionTests - 33 tests covering all exception classes and ExceptionFactory
- ErrorDetectionStrategyTests - 36 tests for all error detection strategies
- ConstraintParserTests - 14 tests for error message parsing
- ErrorCodeRegistryTests - 30 tests for error code registry
- Improved ConstraintParser with better pattern matching:
  - Enhanced CONSTRAINT \name`` pattern matching for MySQL
  - Improved FOREIGN KEY (\name`)` pattern for column extraction
  - Better schema.table format handling
  - Filtering of invalid constraint names (e.g., "fails", "failed")
- All exception classes now fully tested with edge cases
Infection Mutation Testing - Code quality assurance:
- Integrated Infection mutation testing framework
- Configuration file infection.json with comprehensive settings
- Mutation testing scripts in composer.json:
  - composer infection - Full mutation test run
  - composer infection:quick - Quick mutation test
  - composer infection:ci - CI-optimized mutation test
- composer check-all-with-infection script for complete quality checks
- Minimum MSI (Mutation Score Indicator) requirements configured

Changed

External Reference Detection Simplification - KISS/YAGNI refactoring:
- Removed externalTables array and setExternalTables() method
- Simplified isTableInCurrentQuery() to only check against current query table
- External references automatically detected without manual configuration
- Cleaner, more maintainable code following KISS principles
Query Compilation Cache Improvements:
- Fixed compilation cache normalization issues
- Prevented double caching in getValue() method
- Optimized result cache by avoiding double SQL compilation
- Renamed 21-query-compilation-cache directory to 20-query-compilation-cache
- Updated all documentation references
Memory Management Enhancements:
- Fixed memory leaks by properly closing PDOStatement cursors
- All fetch methods (get(), getOne(), fetch(), fetchColumn()) automatically close cursors
- Exception-safe cleanup using try/finally blocks
- Production-tested with 50,000+ queries without memory accumulation
- Added memory leak prevention documentation to README
Method Renaming for Clarity:
- QueryBuilder::cursor() renamed to QueryBuilder::stream() for better API clarity
- QueryBuilder::explainWithRecommendations() renamed to QueryBuilder::explainAdvice()
- Updated all documentation and examples
Test Organization Improvements:
- Split tests into organized groups for better CI workflow
- Improved PHPUnit configuration for directory-based test execution
- Better test isolation and structure

Fixed

SQLite Cache Parameter Validation - Prevent invalid DSN parameters:
- Added validation for SQLite cache parameter in SqliteDialect::buildDsn()
- Valid values: shared, private
- Throws InvalidArgumentException for invalid values
- Prevents creation of files like :memory:;cache=Array or :memory:;cache=invalid
- Added comprehensive tests for cache and mode parameter validation
SQL Identifier Quoting in FileLoader - Correct quoting for different dialects:
- Fixed SQL identifier quoting in FileLoader for MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite
- Ensures proper quoting based on dialect-specific requirements
- Improved cross-dialect compatibility
LATERAL JOIN Improvements:
- Enhanced automatic external reference detection in LATERAL JOIN subqueries
- Removed need for Db::raw() in most LATERAL JOIN scenarios
- Better alias handling and SQL generation
- Updated all examples and documentation
Removed All Skipped Tests - Zero skipped tests policy:
- Moved all dialect-specific tests from shared to dialect-specific test files
- No more markTestSkipped() calls in shared tests
- All tests actively run and verify functionality
Markdown EOF Formatting - Consistent file formatting:
- Added fix-markdown-eof.sh script to ensure exactly one empty line at EOF
- Integrated into composer check-all for automatic fixing
- All markdown files now have consistent formatting

Technical Details

All tests passing: 991 tests, 3951 assertions (+417 tests, +1425 assertions from 2.7.1)
All examples passing: 147/147 examples (49 files × 3 dialects each)
- SQLite: 49/49 ✅
- MySQL: 49/49 ✅
- PostgreSQL: 49/49 ✅
PHPStan Level 8: Zero errors across entire codebase
PHP-CS-Fixer: All code complies with PSR-12 standards
Full backward compatibility: 100% maintained - all existing code continues to work
Code quality: Follows KISS, SOLID, DRY, YAGNI principles
Memory safety: Zero memory leaks verified with 50,000+ query tests
SHA-256 hashing: Replaced all MD5 usage with SHA-256 for better security:
- Cache key generation uses SHA-256
- Parameter name generation uses SHA-256 with 16-character truncation
- LATERAL JOIN alias generation uses SHA-256
Infection mutation testing: Integrated for code quality assurance
Code statistics: Significant additions across exception handling, ActiveRecord, and profiling features

2.7.1 - 2025-10-29

Added

Window Functions Support - Advanced analytics with SQL window functions:
- Ranking functions: Db::rowNumber(), Db::rank(), Db::denseRank(), Db::ntile()
- Value access functions: Db::lag(), Db::lead(), Db::firstValue(), Db::lastValue(), Db::nthValue()
- Window aggregates: Db::windowAggregate() for running totals, moving averages
- Support for PARTITION BY, ORDER BY, and frame clauses (ROWS BETWEEN)
- Cross-database support (MySQL 8.0+, PostgreSQL 9.4+, SQLite 3.25+)
- WindowFunctionValue class and WindowHelpersTrait with 11 helper methods
- Complete implementation of formatWindowFunction() in all dialects
- Comprehensive examples in examples/16-window-functions/ (10 use cases)
- Full documentation:
  - documentation/03-query-builder/window-functions.md (500+ lines)
  - documentation/07-helper-functions/window-helpers.md (400+ lines)
- 8 comprehensive tests with 44 assertions covering all window functions
- Use cases: rankings, leaderboards, period-over-period analysis, trends, quartiles
Common Table Expressions (CTEs) Support - WITH clauses for complex queries:
- QueryBuilder::with() and withRecursive() methods for CTE definitions
- Support for basic CTEs using Closure, QueryBuilder, or raw SQL
- Recursive CTEs for hierarchical data processing (tree structures, organizational charts)
- Multiple CTEs with unique parameter scoping to avoid conflicts
- Explicit column lists for CTEs (recommended for recursive CTEs)
- Proper parameter passing from CTEs to main query
- Cross-database support (MySQL 8.0+, PostgreSQL 8.4+, SQLite 3.8.3+)
- CteManager and CteDefinition classes for CTE management
- Comprehensive test coverage (9 new tests in SharedCoverageTest)
- 2 runnable examples in examples/17-cte/ (basic and recursive CTEs, 10 scenarios total)
- Complete documentation in documentation/03-query-builder/cte.md with use cases and best practices
Set Operations - UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT support:
- QueryBuilder::union(), unionAll(), intersect(), except() methods
- Support for both Closure and QueryBuilder instances in set operations
- Proper ORDER BY/LIMIT/OFFSET placement after set operations (SQL standard compliance)
- Cross-database: MySQL 8.0+, PostgreSQL, SQLite 3.8.3+
- UnionQuery class for operation management
- 6 comprehensive examples in examples/18-set-operations/
- Complete documentation in documentation/03-query-builder/set-operations.md
DISTINCT and DISTINCT ON - Remove duplicates from result sets:
- QueryBuilder::distinct() method for all databases
- QueryBuilder::distinctOn() method with PostgreSQL-only support
- Runtime dialect validation with RuntimeException for unsupported databases
- DialectInterface::supportsDistinctOn() method for feature detection
- Examples added to examples/01-basic/05-ordering.php
- Complete documentation in documentation/03-query-builder/distinct.md
FILTER Clause for Conditional Aggregates - SQL:2003 standard compliance:
- filter() method chainable after all aggregate functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX)
- FilterValue class replaces RawValue for aggregate function returns
- Native FILTER (WHERE ...) clause for PostgreSQL and SQLite 3.30+
- Automatic CASE WHEN fallback for MySQL (which doesn't support FILTER clause)
- DialectInterface::supportsFilterClause() method for feature detection
- Examples added to examples/02-intermediate/02-aggregations.php
- Complete documentation in documentation/03-query-builder/filter-clause.md
- SQL:2003 standard compliance with automatic dialect-specific translation
Comprehensive Edge-Case Testing - 20 new edge-case tests covering critical scenarios:
- CTEs: Empty results, NULL values, recursive CTEs with complex data
- UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT: Empty tables, NULL handling, no common values
- FILTER Clause: No matches, all NULLs, empty tables
- DISTINCT: Empty tables, all NULLs, mixed NULL/non-NULL values
- Window Functions: Empty tables, NULL partitions, single row scenarios
- Added 18 new tests in SharedCoverageTest
- Added 2 dialect-specific tests (MySQL, SQLite) for DISTINCT ON validation
- Edge cases validate: empty result sets, NULL value handling, boundary conditions, unsupported feature detection

Changed

Aggregate helpers return type: All aggregate functions (Db::count(), Db::sum(), Db::avg(), Db::min(), Db::max()) now return FilterValue instead of RawValue to support chaining with filter() method
SelectQueryBuilder enhancements: Added methods setUnions(), setDistinct(), setDistinctOn() to SelectQueryBuilderInterface
QueryBuilder parameter management: Enhanced parameter merging for UNION subqueries to prevent conflicts

Fixed

MySQL recursive CTE string concatenation: Fixed examples/17-cte/02-recursive-cte.php test failure on MySQL
- MySQL doesn't support || operator for string concatenation by default
- Added dialect-specific handling using CONCAT() function for MySQL
- PostgreSQL and SQLite continue using || operator
- Example now works correctly on all three database dialects

Technical Details

All tests passing: 574 tests, 2526 assertions (+41 tests, +129 assertions from 2.7.0)
All examples passing: 108/108 examples (36 files × 3 dialects each)
- SQLite: 36/36 ✅
- MySQL: 36/36 ✅
- PostgreSQL: 36/36 ✅
PHPStan Level 9: Zero errors across entire codebase (upgraded from Level 8)
PHP-CS-Fixer: All code complies with PSR-12 standards
Full backward compatibility: 100% maintained - all existing code continues to work
Code quality: Follows KISS, SOLID, DRY, YAGNI principles
Documentation: Added 6 new comprehensive documentation files:
- documentation/03-query-builder/window-functions.md (473 lines)
- documentation/07-helper-functions/window-helpers.md (550 lines)
- documentation/03-query-builder/cte.md (409 lines)
- documentation/03-query-builder/set-operations.md (204 lines)
- documentation/03-query-builder/distinct.md (320 lines)
- documentation/03-query-builder/filter-clause.md (349 lines)
Examples: Added 4 new example directories with comprehensive demos:
- examples/16-window-functions/ (360 lines, 10 use cases)
- examples/17-cte/ (521 lines total, 10 scenarios)
- examples/18-set-operations/ (138 lines, 6 set operation examples)
- Extended existing examples with DISTINCT and FILTER clause demonstrations
Code statistics: 39 files changed, 6507 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-)

2.7.0 - 2025-10-28

Added

Full-Text Search - Cross-database full-text search with Db::fulltextMatch() helper:
- MySQL: MATCH AGAINST with FULLTEXT indexes
- PostgreSQL: @@ operator with to_tsquery() and text search vectors
- SQLite: FTS5 virtual tables support
- Support for multiple columns, search modes (natural language, boolean), and query expansion
- FulltextMatchValue class and FulltextSearchHelpersTrait for implementation
- Complete documentation in documentation/03-query-builder/fulltext-search.md
- Examples in examples/12-fulltext-search/ working on all three dialects
- 12 new tests across MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite
Schema Introspection - Query database structure programmatically:
- PdoDb::getIndexes(string $table) - Get all indexes for a table
- PdoDb::getForeignKeys(string $table) - Get foreign key constraints
- PdoDb::getConstraints(string $table) - Get all constraints (PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK)
- QueryBuilder::getIndexes(), getForeignKeys(), getConstraints() - Same methods via QueryBuilder
- Cross-database compatible across MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite
- Complete documentation in documentation/03-query-builder/schema-introspection.md
- Tests in all dialect-specific test files
Query Result Caching - PSR-16 (Simple Cache) integration for dramatic performance improvements:
- 10-1000x faster for repeated queries with caching enabled
- QueryBuilder::cache(?int $ttl = null, ?string $key = null) - Enable caching for query
- QueryBuilder::noCache() - Disable caching for specific query
- PdoDb::enableCache(CacheInterface $cache, ?CacheConfig $config = null) - Enable caching globally
- PdoDb::disableCache() - Disable caching globally
- Support for all PSR-16 compatible cache implementations:
  - Symfony Cache, Redis, APCu, Memcached, Filesystem adapters
  - Built-in ArrayCache for testing
- Automatic cache key generation based on SQL and parameters
- Custom cache keys and TTL support
- CacheManager, CacheConfig, QueryCacheKey infrastructure classes
- Complete documentation in documentation/05-advanced-features/query-caching.md
- Examples in examples/14-caching/ demonstrating real-world usage
- Comprehensive test coverage in SharedCoverageTest
Advanced Pagination - Three pagination types for different use cases:
- Full pagination (paginate(int $page, int $perPage)): Complete pagination with total count and page numbers
  - Returns PaginationResult with items, total, current page, last page, per page
  - Best for UI with page numbers and "showing X of Y results"
- Simple pagination (simplePaginate(int $page, int $perPage)): Fast pagination without total count
  - Returns SimplePaginationResult with items, has more pages flag
  - No COUNT query overhead - ideal for large datasets
- Cursor-based pagination (cursorPaginate(?string $cursor, int $perPage, string $column = 'id')): Scalable pagination for real-time feeds
  - Returns CursorPaginationResult with items, next cursor, previous cursor
  - Consistent results even with new data
  - Perfect for infinite scroll and API endpoints
- All results implement JsonSerializable for easy API responses
- URL generation support with query parameters
- Complete documentation in documentation/05-advanced-features/pagination.md
- Examples in examples/13-pagination/ working on all dialects
- Comprehensive test coverage for all pagination types
Export Helpers - Export query results to various formats:
- Db::toJson($data, int $options = 0) - Export to JSON with customizable encoding options
  - Support for pretty printing, unescaped unicode, unescaped slashes
- Db::toCsv($data, string $delimiter = ',', string $enclosure = '"') - Export to CSV format
  - Custom delimiter and enclosure character support
- Db::toXml($data, string $rootElement = 'root', string $itemElement = 'item') - Export to XML format
  - Customizable root and item element names
  - Support for nested arrays and complex data structures
- SOLID architecture with separate exporter classes (JsonExporter, CsvExporter, XmlExporter)
- Complete documentation in documentation/07-helper-functions/export-helpers.md
- Examples in examples/11-export-helpers/ demonstrating all export formats
- Comprehensive test coverage in SharedCoverageTest
JSON File Loading - Bulk load JSON data directly into database tables:
- QueryBuilder::loadJson(string $filename, bool $update = false, ?array $updateFields = null) - Load JSON array of objects
- QueryBuilder::loadJsonLines(string $filename, bool $update = false, ?array $updateFields = null) - Load newline-delimited JSON (JSONL/NDJSON)
- Support for nested JSON with automatic encoding
- Memory-efficient batch processing for large files
- Works across all three database dialects (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite)
- UPSERT support with optional update fields
- Complete documentation in documentation/05-advanced-features/file-loading.md
- Examples in examples/05-file-loading/ with practical scenarios
Enhanced orderBy() - Flexible sorting with multiple syntax options:
- Array syntax with directions: orderBy(['name' => 'ASC', 'created_at' => 'DESC'])
- Array with default direction: orderBy(['name', 'email'], 'DESC')
- Comma-separated string: orderBy('name ASC, email DESC, id')
- Original syntax still works: orderBy('name', 'DESC')
- Full backward compatibility with existing code
- Complete documentation and examples in documentation/03-query-builder/ordering-pagination.md
- New example file examples/01-basic/05-ordering.php demonstrating all syntax variants
- Comprehensive test coverage in SharedCoverageTest
Read/Write Connection Splitting - Master-replica architecture for horizontal scaling:
- Automatic query routing: SELECT queries → read replicas, DML operations → write master
- Three load balancing strategies:
  - RoundRobinLoadBalancer - Even distribution across replicas
  - RandomLoadBalancer - Random replica selection
  - WeightedLoadBalancer - Weight-based distribution (e.g., 70% replica-1, 30% replica-2)
- Sticky writes: Read-after-write consistency (reads from master for N seconds after write)
- Force write mode: QueryBuilder::forceWrite() to explicitly read from master
- Transaction support: All operations in transactions use write connection
- Health checks and failover: Automatic exclusion of failed connections
- Type-safe with ConnectionType enum (READ, WRITE)
- New classes: ConnectionRouter, LoadBalancerInterface + 3 implementations
- New methods: enableReadWriteSplitting(), disableReadWriteSplitting(), enableStickyWrites(), disableStickyWrites(), getConnectionRouter()
- Complete documentation in documentation/05-advanced-features/read-write-splitting.md
- Three examples in examples/15-read-write-splitting/ demonstrating all features
- 13 new tests with 24 assertions in SharedCoverageTest
Comprehensive Documentation - 57 new documentation files (~12,600 lines):
- Getting Started: Installation, configuration, first connection, hello world
- Core Concepts: Connection management, dialect support, parameter binding, query builder basics
- Query Builder: All operations (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, JOINs, aggregations, subqueries, etc.)
- JSON Operations: Complete JSON support across all dialects
- Advanced Features: Transactions, bulk operations, batch processing, file loading, pagination, query caching, connection retry, read/write splitting
- Error Handling: Exception hierarchy, error codes, logging, monitoring, retry logic
- Helper Functions: 80+ helpers organized by category (string, math, date, JSON, aggregate, comparison, etc.)
- Best Practices: Security, performance, memory management, common pitfalls, code organization
- Reference: Complete API reference, dialect differences, method documentation
- Cookbook: Real-world examples, migration guide, troubleshooting, common patterns
- README.md files added to all example subdirectories for better navigation

Changed

Memory-efficient file loading: Refactored loadCsv() and loadXml() to use PHP generators
- Dramatically reduced memory consumption for large files
- Added loadFromCsvGenerator() and loadFromXmlGenerator() in FileLoader class
- Batched processing to handle files larger than available RAM
- MySQL and PostgreSQL keep native commands but wrapped as generators
- All 478+ tests passing with improved performance
Code architecture improvements:
- Removed ParameterManager class (functionality integrated into other components)
- Changed method/property visibility from private to protected for better extensibility
- Renamed schema introspection methods for consistency
- Updated return types in TableManagementTrait from static to self
Test refactoring for best practices:
- Replaced direct $db->connection calls with public API methods
- Use $db->rawQuery() instead of $db->connection->query()
- Use $db->startTransaction(), $db->commit(), $db->rollback() instead of direct connection calls
- Direct connection access only in tests specifically testing ConnectionInterface
Enhanced README.md:
- Restructured feature list with bold categories and detailed descriptions
- Added all new features with performance metrics (e.g., "10-1000x faster queries")
- More scannable and impressive presentation
- Complete table of contents with all sections
QueryBuilder enhancements:
- Dynamic connection switching for read/write splitting
- Cache-aware query execution
- Enhanced ordering with multiple syntax options

Fixed

Invalid release date: Fixed incorrect date in CHANGELOG.md for v2.6.1
Cross-dialect compatibility: Exception handling examples now work correctly on MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite
- Added dialect-specific CREATE TABLE statements
- Added DROP TABLE IF EXISTS for idempotency
- All examples pass on all three dialects

Technical Details

All tests passing: 533 tests, 2397 assertions (+55 tests from 2.6.2)
All examples passing: 93/93 examples (31 files × 3 dialects each)
- SQLite: 31/31 ✅
- MySQL: 31/31 ✅
- PostgreSQL: 31/31 ✅
PHPStan Level 8: Zero errors across entire codebase
PHP-CS-Fixer: All code complies with PSR-12 standards
Full backward compatibility: 100% maintained - all existing code continues to work
Code quality: Follows KISS, SOLID, DRY, YAGNI principles
Documentation: 57 comprehensive documentation files covering all features
Performance: Memory-efficient generators, optional query caching for 10-1000x speedup

2.6.2 - 2025-10-25

Added

Comprehensive examples expansion: Added 5 new comprehensive example files demonstrating all library functionality:
- 05-comparison-helpers.php - LIKE, BETWEEN, IN, NOT operations with practical scenarios
- 06-conditional-helpers.php - CASE statements with complex conditional logic
- 07-boolean-helpers.php - TRUE/FALSE/DEFAULT values and boolean operations
- 08-type-helpers.php - CAST, GREATEST, LEAST type conversion and comparison functions
- 04-subqueries.php - Complete subquery examples (EXISTS, NOT EXISTS, scalar subqueries)
Enhanced existing examples: Significantly expanded all helper function examples with real-world scenarios
Complete CONTRIBUTING.md: Added comprehensive development guidelines (413 lines) covering:
- Development setup and testing procedures
- Code style requirements and commit conventions
- Pull request guidelines and templates
- Release process and maintainer information
- Security reporting and communication channels

Changed

Major architectural refactoring following SOLID principles:
- Connection architecture: Extracted ConnectionLogger, ConnectionState, DialectRegistry, RetryConfigValidator
- Strategy pattern for exception handling: Replaced monolithic ExceptionFactory with 7 specialized strategies
- Dialect refactoring: Extracted common functionality into reusable traits (JsonPathBuilderTrait, UpsertBuilderTrait, FileLoader)
- Helper system refactoring: Converted all helper classes to traits organized by functionality
- QueryBuilder refactoring: Split monolithic QueryBuilder into focused components with proper interfaces
Code organization improvements:
- Moved helper classes to src/helpers/traits/ directory
- Moved query interfaces to src/query/interfaces/ directory
- Split DbError into dialect-specific traits (MysqlErrorTrait, PostgresqlErrorTrait, SqliteErrorTrait)
- Created utility classes: ParameterManager, FileLoader, ConstraintParser, ErrorCodeRegistry
Enhanced examples: Replaced Db::raw() calls with helper functions where possible for better educational value

Fixed

Cross-database compatibility: Fixed all examples to work consistently on SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL
Code duplication elimination: Removed ~1000+ lines of duplicate code through trait extraction
Type safety improvements: Added proper PHPDoc annotations and null safety checks

Technical Details

All tests passing: 478 tests, 2198 assertions
All examples passing: 90/90 examples (30 files × 3 dialects each)
PHPStan Level 8: Zero errors across entire codebase
Backward compatibility: 100% maintained - no breaking changes to public API
Performance: Improved through reduced code duplication and better architecture
Maintainability: Significantly improved through SOLID principles and trait-based organization

2.6.1 - 2025-10-23

Added

Automatic external reference detection in subqueries: QueryBuilder now automatically detects and converts external table references (table.column) to RawValue objects
- Works in where(), select(), orderBy(), groupBy(), having() methods
- Only converts references to tables not in current query's FROM clause
- Supports table aliases (e.g., u.id where u is an alias)
- Pattern detection: table.column or alias.column
- Invalid patterns (like 123.invalid) are not converted
Db::ref() helper: Manual external reference helper (though now mostly unnecessary due to automatic detection)
- Equivalent to Db::raw('table.column') but more semantic
- Still useful for complex expressions or when automatic detection doesn't work
Comprehensive test coverage for external reference detection across all dialects:
- 13 new tests in each dialect-specific test file (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite)
- Tests cover whereExists, whereNotExists, select, orderBy, groupBy, having
- Tests verify internal references are not converted
- Tests verify aliased table references work correctly
- Tests verify complex external references and edge cases

Changed

Enhanced QueryBuilder methods: addCondition(), select(), orderBy(), groupBy() now automatically process external references
Improved subquery examples: Updated README.md examples to demonstrate automatic detection
Better developer experience: No more need for Db::raw('users.id') in most subquery scenarios

Fixed

QueryBuilder external reference handling: Fixed parsing of table names and aliases from JOIN clauses
Cross-dialect compatibility: External reference detection works consistently across MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite

Technical Details

All tests passing: 429+ tests, 2044+ assertions
PHPStan Level 8: Zero errors across entire codebase
All examples passing: 24/24 examples on all database dialects
Backward compatibility: Fully maintained - existing code continues to work unchanged
Performance: Minimal overhead - only processes string values matching table.column pattern

2.6.0 - 2025-10-23

⚠️ Breaking Changes

Exception handling system: loadCsv() and loadXml() now throw specialized exceptions instead of returning false
- Impact: Code that checks if (!$ok) for these methods will need to be updated to use try-catch blocks
- Migration: Wrap calls in try-catch blocks and handle DatabaseException types
- Example:
```
// Before (2.5.x)
$ok = $db->find()->table('users')->loadCsv($file);
if (!$ok) {
    // handle error
}

// After (2.6.0)
try {
    $db->find()->table('users')->loadCsv($file);
} catch (DatabaseException $e) {
    // handle specific exception type
}
```

Added

Comprehensive exception hierarchy for better error handling:
- DatabaseException - Base exception class extending PDOException
- ConnectionException - Connection-related errors (timeouts, refused connections)
- QueryException - General query execution errors
- ConstraintViolationException - Constraint violations (unique keys, foreign keys)
  - Additional properties: constraintName, tableName, columnName
- TransactionException - Transaction-related errors (deadlocks, rollbacks)
- AuthenticationException - Authentication failures
- TimeoutException - Query or connection timeouts
  - Additional property: timeoutSeconds
- ResourceException - Resource exhaustion (too many connections)
  - Additional property: resourceType
ExceptionFactory for intelligent exception classification:
- Analyzes PDO error codes and messages to determine appropriate exception type
- Supports MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite error codes
- Extracts detailed context (constraint names, table names, etc.)
Enhanced error context in all exceptions:
- getDriver() - Database driver name
- getOriginalCode() - Original error code (handles PostgreSQL SQLSTATE strings)
- getQuery() - SQL query that caused the error
- getContext() - Additional context information
- getCategory() - Error category for logging/monitoring
- isRetryable() - Whether the error is retryable
- toArray() - Convert to array for logging
Exception handling examples (examples/09-exception-handling/):
- Comprehensive examples showing how to handle different exception types
- Retry logic patterns with exception-aware logic
- Error monitoring and alerting examples
- Real-world error handling scenarios
test-examples script added to composer check:
- composer check now runs: PHPStan + PHPUnit + Examples
- Ensures all examples work on all database dialects
- 24/24 examples passing on SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL

Changed

loadCsv() and loadXml() behavior: Now throw exceptions instead of returning false
- Provides more detailed error information
- Enables specific error handling based on exception type
- Maintains backward compatibility through exception inheritance from PDOException
Error handling in Connection class: All database operations now throw specialized exceptions
Error handling in RetryableConnection: Retry logic now works with exception types
Error handling in QueryBuilder: Query execution errors now throw appropriate exceptions

Fixed

PHPStan compliance: Added PHPDoc generic array types (array<string, mixed>) for better static analysis
PostgreSQL COPY permission errors: Now correctly classified as AuthenticationException
Test compatibility: Updated all loadCsv/loadXml tests to handle new exception behavior
Exception parsing: Improved constraint name extraction from error messages
Error code handling: Proper handling of PostgreSQL SQLSTATE string codes vs integer codes

Technical Details

All tests passing: 429 tests, 2044 assertions
PHPStan Level 8: Zero errors across entire codebase
All examples passing: 24/24 examples on all database dialects
Exception coverage: Comprehensive error handling for all database operations
Backward compatibility: Exceptions extend PDOException for compatibility with existing catch blocks

2.5.1 - 2025-10-22

Added

Db::inc() and Db::dec() support in onDuplicate(): Now you can use convenient helpers for UPSERT increments
- Works across all dialects: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite
- Example: ->onDuplicate(['counter' => Db::inc(5)])
- Automatically generates dialect-specific SQL (e.g., counter = counter + 5)
CI testing for examples: All 21 examples now tested in GitHub Actions
- SQLite: 21/21 examples verified
- MySQL: 20/20 examples verified (if database available)
- PostgreSQL: 20/20 examples verified (if database available)
New tests for UPSERT functionality:
- testUpsertWithRawIncrement() - tests Db::raw('age + 5') in onDuplicate
- testUpsertWithIncHelper() - tests Db::inc(5) in onDuplicate
- testGroupByWithQualifiedNames() - verifies qualified column names in GROUP BY

Changed

All examples migrated to QueryBuilder API:
- Replaced 15+ rawQuery() calls with fluent QueryBuilder methods
- rawQuery() now used ONLY for DDL (CREATE/ALTER/DROP TABLE)
- Examples demonstrate best practices with Db:: helpers
Enhanced buildUpsertClause() signature (backwards compatible):
- Added optional $tableName parameter for PostgreSQL ambiguous column resolution
- Enables proper Db::inc() and Db::raw() support in UPSERT operations
Improved test-examples.sh script:
- Fixed PostgreSQL port detection in connection checks
- Now correctly detects all 3 database dialects when available
JSON column handling: Examples automatically use JSONB for PostgreSQL, TEXT for MySQL/SQLite

Fixed

CRITICAL: groupBy() and orderBy() with qualified column names (u.id, t.name):
- Bug: Qualified names quoted as single identifier `u.id` instead of `u`.`id`
- Impact: Broke on MySQL/PostgreSQL with "Unknown column 'u.id'" error
- Fix: Changed to use quoteQualifiedIdentifier() instead of quoteIdentifier()
- Tests: Added testGroupByWithQualifiedNames() for all 3 dialects
CRITICAL: Db::inc()/Db::dec() ignored in onDuplicate():
- Bug: Dialects didn't handle ['__op' => 'inc'] array format in UPSERT
- Impact: UPSERT replaced value instead of incrementing
- Fix: Added is_array($expr) && isset($expr['__op']) handling in all dialects
PostgreSQL UPSERT "ambiguous column" errors:
- Bug: Db::raw('age + 5') in onDuplicate caused "column reference ambiguous"
- Impact: PostgreSQL couldn't distinguish old vs new column values
- Fix: Auto-qualify column references with table name (user_stats."age" + 5)
PostgreSQL lastInsertId() exception for non-SERIAL tables:
- Bug: Crash when inserting into tables without auto-increment
- Fix: Added try-catch in executeInsert() to gracefully handle missing sequence
String literal quoting in SQL expressions:
- Fixed PostgreSQL compatibility (uses 'string' not "string")
- Fixed CASE WHEN conditions to use single quotes for string literals
- Examples now properly escape string values in Db::raw() expressions
Examples multi-dialect compatibility:
- JSON columns: Use JSONB for PostgreSQL, TEXT for MySQL/SQLite
- String concatenation: Dialect-aware (|| vs CONCAT())
- Date/time functions: Dialect-specific interval syntax
- All 21 examples verified on all 3 dialects

Technical Details

All tests passing: 343 tests, 1544 assertions (up from 334 tests)
- Added 9 new tests across MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite
- Zero failures, zero errors, zero warnings
All examples passing: 61/61 total runs (21 examples × ~3 dialects each)
- SQLite: 21/21 ✅
- MySQL: 20/20 ✅ (01-connection.php uses SQLite only)
- PostgreSQL: 20/20 ✅
PHPStan Level 8: Zero errors across entire codebase
Full backwards compatibility: Optional parameter with default value

2.5.0 - 2025-10-19

Added

Connection pooling: Support for initialization without default connection via new PdoDb()
17 new SQL helper functions with full dialect support:
- NULL handling: Db::ifNull(), Db::coalesce(), Db::nullIf()
- Math operations: Db::abs(), Db::round(), Db::mod(), Db::greatest(), Db::least()
- String operations: Db::upper(), Db::lower(), Db::trim(), Db::length(), Db::substring(), Db::replace()
- Date/Time extraction: Db::curDate(), Db::curTime(), Db::date(), Db::time(), Db::year(), Db::month(), Db::day(), Db::hour(), Db::minute(), Db::second()
Complete JSON operations API:
- Db::jsonGet(), Db::jsonLength(), Db::jsonKeys(), Db::jsonType()
- Unified API across MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite
- Edge-case testing for JSON operations
Comprehensive examples directory (examples/) with 21 runnable examples:
- Basic operations (connection, CRUD, WHERE conditions)
- Intermediate patterns (JOINs, aggregations, pagination, transactions)
- Advanced features (connection pooling, bulk operations, UPSERT)
- JSON operations (complete guide with real-world usage)
- Helper functions (string, math, date/time, NULL handling)
- Real-world applications:
  - Blog system with posts, comments, tags, analytics
  - User authentication with sessions, RBAC, password hashing
  - Advanced search & filters with facets, sorting, pagination
  - Multi-tenant SaaS with resource tracking and quota management
Dialect coverage tests for better test coverage (300 total tests):
- buildLoadCsvSql() - CSV loading SQL generation with temp file handling
- buildLoadXML() - XML loading SQL generation with temp file handling
- formatSelectOptions() - SELECT statement options formatting
- buildExplainSql() - EXPLAIN query generation and variations
- Exception tests for unsupported operations (SQLite lock/unlock)
Utility scripts in scripts/ directory:
- release.sh - Release preparation and tagging automation
- test-examples.sh - Example verification and syntax checking
Comprehensive edge-case test coverage for new helpers and dialect-specific behaviors
44 new tests in SharedCoverageTest for dialect-independent code coverage
Professional README documentation (1400+ lines) with:
- Table of contents with navigation
- Error handling examples
- Performance tips
- Debugging guide
- Troubleshooting section
- PHP 8.4+ requirement clearly documented
- Examples directory section
Complete CHANGELOG.md documenting all changes from v1.0.3 to present

Changed

Optimized QueryBuilder: Refactored duplicated code with new helper methods (addParam(), normalizeOperator(), processValueForSql())
Improved error messages: Property hooks now provide clearer guidance for uninitialized connections
Updated .gitignore: Cleaned up and added examples-related ignores, coverage reports
README.md improvements: Removed ALL_TESTS=1 requirement - tests now run without environment variables
Enhanced examples (14 files updated): Maximized use of Db:: helpers over Db::raw() for better code clarity:
- Replaced 30+ raw SQL expressions with helper functions
- Db::inc()/Db::dec() for increments/decrements
- Db::count(), Db::sum(), Db::avg(), Db::coalesce() for aggregations
- Db::case() for conditional logic
- Db::concat() with automatic string literal quoting
Improved test organization: Added setUp() method in SharedCoverageTest for automatic table cleanup before each test
- Removed 26+ redundant cleanup statements
- Better test isolation and reliability

Removed

Deprecated helper methods from PdoDb (~130 lines removed):
- inc(), dec(), not() - Use Db:: equivalents or raw SQL
- escape() - Use prepared statements (PDO handles escaping)
- tableExists() - Use QueryBuilder::tableExists() instead
- now() - Use Db::now() instead
- loadData(), loadXml() - Use QueryBuilder::loadCsv(), QueryBuilder::loadXml() instead

Fixed

CRITICAL: insertMulti() conflict target detection bug: Fixed automatic conflict target determination for PostgreSQL/SQLite ON CONFLICT
- buildInsertMultiSql() now correctly uses first column when id not present (matches insert() behavior)
- Enables proper bulk UPSERT operations across all dialects
- Without this fix, bulk inserts with onDuplicate parameter would fail on PostgreSQL/SQLite
CRITICAL: Db::concat() helper bugs (2 major issues fixed):
- Bug #1: ConcatValue not initializing parent RawValue class causing "Typed property not initialized" error
  - Added parent::__construct('') call in ConcatValue constructor
  - Added protective getValue() override with clear error message to prevent misuse
- Bug #2: String literals (spaces, special chars) not auto-quoted, treated as column names
  - Enhanced DialectAbstract::concat() logic to auto-detect and quote string literals
  - Supports spaces, colons, pipes, dashes, emoji, and unicode characters
  - Examples: Db::concat('first_name', ' ', 'last_name') now works without Db::raw()
- Added 8 comprehensive edge-case tests in SharedCoverageTest:
  - testConcatWithStringLiterals() - spaces and simple literals
  - testConcatWithSpecialCharacters() - colon, pipe, dash
  - testConcatWithNestedHelpers() - Db::upper/lower inside concat
  - testConcatNestedInHelperThrowsException() - protection from incorrect usage
  - testConcatWithQuotedLiterals() - already-quoted strings
  - testConcatWithNumericValues() - number handling
  - testConcatWithEmptyString() - empty string edge case
  - testConcatWithMixedTypes() - mixed type concatenation
Restored RawValue union type support in rawQuery(), rawQueryOne(), rawQueryValue() methods
Corrected method calls in lock(), unlock(), loadData(), loadXml() to use prepare()->execute() pattern
SQLite JSON support fixes for edge cases (array indexing, value encoding, numeric sorting)
MySQL EXPLAIN compatibility: Reverted EXPLAIN ANALYZE support to maintain table format compatibility
- MySQL 8.0+ EXPLAIN ANALYZE returns tree/JSON format incompatible with traditional table format
- Existing tests expect table format with select_type column
PostgreSQL formatSelectOptions test: Fixed to test actual supported features (FOR UPDATE/FOR SHARE)

Technical Details

All tests passing: 334 tests, 1499 assertions across MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite (3 skipped for live testing)
- 68 tests in SharedCoverageTest (dialect-independent code)
- 8 new edge-case tests for Db::concat() bug fixes
- Added setUp() method for automatic table cleanup before each test
Test coverage: 90%+ with comprehensive dialect-specific and edge-case testing
Full backward compatibility maintained: Zero breaking changes (deprecated methods removal is non-breaking)
Examples tested and verified on PHP 8.4.13
Performance: Optimized QueryBuilder reduces code duplication and improves maintainability

2.4.3 - 2025-10-18

Added

Db::concat(), Db::true(), Db::false() helper functions
QueryBuilder::notExists() method
Db::between(), Db::notBetween(), Db::in(), Db::notIn() helpers
Db::isNull(), Db::isNotNull() helpers
Db::case() helper for CASE statements
Db::default() helper
Db::null(), Db::like(), Db::ilike(), Db::not() helpers
Db::config() helper for SET statements
Db::escape() method for string escaping
QueryBuilder::tableExists() method
QueryBuilder::loadXml() and QueryBuilder::loadCsv() methods moved from PdoDb
JSON methods: selectJson(), whereJsonPath(), whereJsonContains(), jsonSet(), jsonRemove(), orderByJson(), whereJsonExists()
Db::ts() helper for Unix timestamps
QueryBuilderInterface and DialectInterface for better type safety
Comprehensive LIMIT/OFFSET tests

Changed

Code refactoring for better maintainability
Improved README.md documentation
Updated composer.json description and keywords

Fixed

Removed unused 'json' keyword from composer.json

2.4.2 - 2025-10-17

Added

RawValue parameters binding support
Normalized parameter binding and condition tokens
Robust addCondition() and update() handling

Changed

Moved DB helpers (inc(), now(), dec()) to helpers\Db.php
Split execute() method into prepare() and execute() in Connection class
Pass PDO to dialect on dialect initialization
Code refactoring for better structure

Fixed

Test fix: Exception handling differences between MySQL, SQLite, and PostgreSQL
MySQL and SQLite throw exceptions on prepare(), PostgreSQL on execute()

2.4.1 - 2025-10-15

Added

CSV and XML fallback loaders to DialectAbstract
Structured logging via LoggerInterface

Changed

Centralized all PDO operations in Connection class
Refactoring for better code organization
Updated README.md with new information

Fixed

truncate() method fix for SQLite

2.4.0 - 2025-10-13

Added

Unified QueryBuilder and cross-dialect SQL generation
SQLite fixes and loaders
GitHub Actions tests workflow

Changed

Major refactoring of QueryBuilder
Improved cross-dialect compatibility

Fixed

Skip loadData/loadXML tests in GitHub Actions due to permission issues

2.3.0 - 2025-10-12

Added

EXPLAIN and EXPLAIN ANALYZE methods
DESCRIBE method for table introspection
getColumn() method for fetching single column values
linesToIgnore parameter for loadXml() method

Changed

Dialects and PdoDb refactoring
Updated README.md with new methods
Updated LICENCE information

Fixed

Changed licence type in composer.json to MIT

2.2.0 - 2025-10-11

Added

PostgreSQL support 🎉
Refactored DSN parameters for each supported database
PHPDoc comments throughout the codebase

Changed

Updated README.md with PostgreSQL configuration examples
Improved database configuration flexibility

2.1.1 - 2025-10-10

Added

Port support in DSN configuration

Changed

Updated README.md documentation

Fixed

loadXML() log trace issue

2.1.0 - 2025-10-10

Added

SQLite support 🎉
Refactored construction parameters for better flexibility

Changed

Updated README.md with SQLite configuration examples
Load data fixes
Added LOCAL parameter support for LOAD DATA

2.0.0 - 2025-10-10

⚠️ Breaking Changes

Minimum PHP version raised to 8.4+
Complete rewrite using PHP 8.4 features (property hooks, etc.)

Changed

Huge refactoring of entire codebase
Modern PHP 8.4+ syntax and features
Removed outdated information from documentation

Technical Details

This is a major breaking release that modernizes the entire codebase for PHP 8.4+. Migration from 1.x requires PHP 8.4+ and may require code changes.

1.1.1 - 2021-12-20

Added

getParams() method to return query parameters
useGenerator() method information in README

Changed

Fixed package name in composer.json
Updated keywords in composer.json

Fixed

Implode legacy signature
README fixes: heading spacing and table of contents
Various typo fixes in documentation

1.1.0 - 2016-06-12

Added

setPageLimit() method for pagination
Tests for: having, groupBy, getValue with limit, rawQueryOne, rawQueryValue, named placeholders, pagination, subquery on insert
PDODb usage documentation

Fixed

escape() method typo fix
Subquery on getOne() fix

[1.0.3] - 2016-05-27

Initial tagged release with basic PDO database abstraction functionality.

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2.5.1 - 2025-10-22

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2.5.0 - 2025-10-19

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2.4.3 - 2025-10-18

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2.4.2 - 2025-10-17

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2.4.1 - 2025-10-15

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2.4.0 - 2025-10-13

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2.3.0 - 2025-10-12

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2.2.0 - 2025-10-11

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2.1.1 - 2025-10-10

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2.1.0 - 2025-10-10

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