torrust
diff --git a/‎src/presentation/commands/context.rs‎
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+//! Command Context Module
+//!
+//! This module provides a unified context for command execution that encapsulates
+//! shared dependencies used across all command handlers.
+//!
+//! ## Purpose
+//!
+//! Previously, each command handler manually created the same dependencies:
+//!
+//! ```rust,ignore
+//! // Duplicate code in every handler:
+//! let repository_factory = RepositoryFactory::new(Duration::from_secs(30));
+//! let repository = repository_factory.create(working_dir.to_path_buf());
+//! let clock = Arc::new(SystemClock);
+//! let mut output = UserOutput::new(VerbosityLevel::Normal);
+//! ```
+//!
+//! `CommandContext` eliminates this duplication by providing a single place to:
+//! - Initialize shared dependencies with consistent configuration
+//! - Access dependencies through a clean interface
+//! - Support testing with mock implementations
+//!
+//! ## Benefits
+//!
+//! - **Consistency**: All commands use the same dependency initialization
+//! - **Maintainability**: Changes to dependency setup only need to be made once
+//! - **Testability**: Easy to inject test doubles via `new_for_testing()`
+//! - **Simplicity**: Command handlers focus on their logic, not setup
+//!
+//! ## Usage Example
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use std::path::Path;
+//! use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::presentation::commands::context::CommandContext;
+//!
+//! fn handle_command(working_dir: &Path) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+//!     let mut ctx = CommandContext::new(working_dir.to_path_buf());
+//!     
+//!     ctx.output().progress("Starting operation...");
+//!     
+//!     // Use repository and clock through context
+//!     let repo = ctx.repository();
+//!     let clock = ctx.clock();
+//!     
+//!     ctx.output().success("Operation completed");
+//!     Ok(())
+//! }
+//! ```
+
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use crate::domain::environment::repository::EnvironmentRepository;
+use crate::infrastructure::persistence::repository_factory::RepositoryFactory;
+use crate::presentation::user_output::UserOutput;
+use crate::shared::{Clock, SystemClock};
+
+use super::constants::{DEFAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT, DEFAULT_VERBOSITY};
+
+/// Command execution context containing shared dependencies
+///
+/// This struct encapsulates all the common dependencies that command handlers need:
+/// - Repository for persistent environment state
+/// - Clock for timing operations
+/// - User output for progress and results
+///
+/// By centralizing these dependencies, we eliminate duplicate initialization code
+/// and ensure consistent configuration across all commands.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use std::path::PathBuf;
+/// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::presentation::commands::context::CommandContext;
+///
+/// let working_dir = PathBuf::from(".");
+/// let mut ctx = CommandContext::new(working_dir);
+///
+/// // Access repository
+/// let repo = ctx.repository();
+///
+/// // Access clock
+/// let clock = ctx.clock();
+///
+/// // Access user output
+/// ctx.output().progress("Processing...");
+/// ctx.output().success("Complete!");
+/// ```
+pub struct CommandContext {
+    repository: Arc<dyn EnvironmentRepository>,
+    clock: Arc<dyn Clock>,
+    output: UserOutput,
+}
+
+impl CommandContext {
+    /// Create a new command context with production dependencies
+    ///
+    /// This constructor initializes all dependencies using production implementations
+    /// and default configuration from constants:
+    /// - Repository with default lock timeout
+    /// - System clock
+    /// - User output with default verbosity
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `working_dir` - Root directory for environment data storage
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    /// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::presentation::commands::context::CommandContext;
+    ///
+    /// let working_dir = PathBuf::from("./data");
+    /// let ctx = CommandContext::new(working_dir);
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(working_dir: PathBuf) -> Self {
+        let repository_factory = RepositoryFactory::new(DEFAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT);
+        let repository = repository_factory.create(working_dir);
+        let clock = Arc::new(SystemClock);
+        let output = UserOutput::new(DEFAULT_VERBOSITY);
+
+        Self {
+            repository,
+            clock,
+            output,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a command context for testing with injected dependencies
+    ///
+    /// This constructor allows tests to inject mock implementations for better isolation
+    /// and control over behavior.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `repository` - Repository implementation (can be a mock)
+    /// * `clock` - Clock implementation (can be a mock)
+    /// * `output` - User output instance (can use custom writers)
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::sync::Arc;
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    /// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::presentation::commands::context::CommandContext;
+    /// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::presentation::user_output::{UserOutput, VerbosityLevel};
+    /// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::infrastructure::persistence::repository_factory::RepositoryFactory;
+    /// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::shared::{Clock, SystemClock};
+    /// use std::time::Duration;
+    ///
+    /// // Create test dependencies
+    /// let factory = RepositoryFactory::new(Duration::from_secs(5));
+    /// let repository = factory.create(PathBuf::from("/tmp/test"));
+    /// let clock: Arc<dyn Clock> = Arc::new(SystemClock);
+    /// let output = UserOutput::new(VerbosityLevel::Quiet);
+    ///
+    /// let ctx = CommandContext::new_for_testing(repository, clock, output);
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new_for_testing(
+        repository: Arc<dyn EnvironmentRepository>,
+        clock: Arc<dyn Clock>,
+        output: UserOutput,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            repository,
+            clock,
+            output,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get reference to the environment repository
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    /// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::presentation::commands::context::CommandContext;
+    ///
+    /// let ctx = CommandContext::new(PathBuf::from("."));
+    /// let repo = ctx.repository();
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn repository(&self) -> &Arc<dyn EnvironmentRepository> {
+        &self.repository
+    }
+
+    /// Get reference to the clock
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    /// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::presentation::commands::context::CommandContext;
+    ///
+    /// let ctx = CommandContext::new(PathBuf::from("."));
+    /// let clock = ctx.clock();
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn clock(&self) -> &Arc<dyn Clock> {
+        &self.clock
+    }
+
+    /// Get mutable reference to user output
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    /// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::presentation::commands::context::CommandContext;
+    ///
+    /// let mut ctx = CommandContext::new(PathBuf::from("."));
+    /// ctx.output().progress("Working...");
+    /// ctx.output().success("Done!");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn output(&mut self) -> &mut UserOutput {
+        &mut self.output
+    }
+}
+
+/// Report an error through user output
+///
+/// This utility function provides a consistent way to report errors to users.
+/// It outputs the error message through the provided user output instance.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `output` - User output instance to use for reporting
+/// * `error` - Error to report (any type implementing `std::error::Error`)
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::presentation::commands::context::report_error;
+/// use torrust_tracker_deployer_lib::presentation::user_output::{UserOutput, VerbosityLevel};
+///
+/// let mut output = UserOutput::new(VerbosityLevel::Normal);
+/// let error = std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound, "file not found");
+/// report_error(&mut output, &error);
+/// ```
+pub fn report_error(output: &mut UserOutput, error: &dyn std::error::Error) {
+    output.error(&error.to_string());
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::io::Cursor;
+    use tempfile::TempDir;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_should_create_context_with_production_dependencies() {
+        let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let working_dir = temp_dir.path().to_path_buf();
+
+        let ctx = CommandContext::new(working_dir);
+
+        // Verify dependencies are present and accessible (we can call methods on them)
+        let _ = ctx.repository();
+        let _ = ctx.clock();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_should_provide_access_to_repository() {
+        let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let working_dir = temp_dir.path().to_path_buf();
+
+        let ctx = CommandContext::new(working_dir);
+
+        // Should be able to access repository
+        let _repo = ctx.repository();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_should_provide_access_to_clock() {
+        let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let working_dir = temp_dir.path().to_path_buf();
+
+        let ctx = CommandContext::new(working_dir);
+
+        // Should be able to access clock
+        let _clock = ctx.clock();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_should_provide_mutable_access_to_output() {
+        let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let working_dir = temp_dir.path().to_path_buf();
+
+        let mut ctx = CommandContext::new(working_dir);
+
+        // Should be able to use output methods
+        ctx.output().progress("Test progress");
+        ctx.output().success("Test success");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_should_allow_creating_context_for_testing() {
+        let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let working_dir = temp_dir.path().to_path_buf();
+
+        // Create test dependencies
+        let repository_factory = RepositoryFactory::new(DEFAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT);
+        let repository = repository_factory.create(working_dir);
+        let clock: Arc<dyn Clock> = Arc::new(SystemClock);
+        let output = UserOutput::new(DEFAULT_VERBOSITY);
+
+        // Create context with test dependencies
+        let ctx = CommandContext::new_for_testing(repository, clock, output);
+
+        // Verify we can access all dependencies
+        let _repo = ctx.repository();
+        let _clock = ctx.clock();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_should_allow_accessing_output_multiple_times() {
+        let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let working_dir = temp_dir.path().to_path_buf();
+
+        let mut ctx = CommandContext::new(working_dir);
+
+        // Should be able to call output() multiple times
+        ctx.output().progress("First message");
+        ctx.output().success("Second message");
+        ctx.output().error("Third message");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_should_report_errors_through_output() {
+        // Create output with custom writers for testing
+        let stderr_buf = Vec::new();
+        let stderr_writer = Box::new(Cursor::new(stderr_buf));
+        let stdout_writer = Box::new(Cursor::new(Vec::new()));
+
+        let mut output = UserOutput::with_writers(DEFAULT_VERBOSITY, stdout_writer, stderr_writer);
+
+        // Create an error and report it
+        let error = std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound, "file not found");
+        report_error(&mut output, &error);
+
+        // Note: In a real test, we'd verify the output was written,
+        // but that requires extracting the buffer from output which isn't directly possible
+        // without additional helper methods. The important thing is that it compiles and runs.
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_should_use_default_constants() {
+        let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let working_dir = temp_dir.path().to_path_buf();
+
+        // Creating context should use DEFAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT and DEFAULT_VERBOSITY
+        let _ctx = CommandContext::new(working_dir);
+
+        // This test verifies that the code compiles with the constants
+        // The actual values are tested in the constants module
+    }
+}