Revert back from rulesets to branch protection rules (open-telemetry#13954)

Author: trask

.github/repository-settings.md

@@ -23,91 +23,53 @@ settings](https://github.com/open-telemetry/community/blob/main/docs/how-to-conf
     Read repository contents and packages permissions
   - Allow GitHub Actions to create and approve pull requests: UNCHECKED
 
-## Rules > Rulesets
-
-### `main` and release branches
-
-- Targeted branches:
-  - `main`
-  - `release/*`
-- Branch rules
-  - Restrict deletions: CHECKED
-  - Require a pull request before merging: CHECKED
-    - Required approvals: 1
-    - Require review from Code Owners: CHECKED
-    - Allowed merge methods: Squash
-  - Require status checks to pass
-    - Do not require status checks on creation: CHECKED
-    - Status checks that are required
-      - EasyCLA
-      - `required-status-check`
-      - `gradle-wrapper-validation`
-  - Block force pushes: CHECKED
-  - Require code scanning results: CHECKED
-    - CodeQL
-      - Security alerts: High or higher
-      - Alerts: Errors
-
-> [!NOTE]
-> This repository can't "require linear history" because there is an old merge commit on `main`
-> (and so also on the release branches).
-
-### `cloudfoundry` branch
-
-- Targeted branches:
-  - `cloudfoundry`
-- Branch rules
-  - Restrict deletions: CHECKED
-  - Require linear history: CHECKED
-  - Require a pull request before merging: CHECKED
-    - Required approvals: 1
-    - Require review from Code Owners: CHECKED
-    - Allowed merge methods: Squash
-  - Require status checks to pass
-    - EasyCLA
-  - Block force pushes: CHECKED
-
-### `gh-pages` branch
-
-- Targeted branches:
-  - `gh-pages`
-- Branch rules
-  - Restrict deletions: CHECKED
-  - Require linear history: CHECKED
-  - Block force pushes: CHECKED
-
-### Old-style release branches
-
-- Targeted branches:
-  - `v0.*`
-  - `v1.*`
-- Branch rules
-  - Restrict creations: CHECKED
-  - Restrict updates: CHECKED
-  - Restrict deletions: CHECKED
-
-### Restrict branch creation
-
-- Targeted branches
-  - Exclude:
-    - `release/*`
-    - `renovate/**/*`
-    - `otelbot/**/*`
-    - `revert-*/**/*` (these are created when using the GitHub UI to revert a PR)
-- Restrict creations: CHECKED
-
-### Restrict updating tags
-
-- Targeted tags
-  - All tags
-- Restrict updates: CHECKED
-- Restrict deletions: CHECKED
-
 ## Branch protections
 
-### `main`, `release/*`, `cloudfoundry`
+The order of branch protection rules
+[can be important](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-repository/defining-the-mergeability-of-pull-requests/managing-a-branch-protection-rule#about-branch-protection-rules).
+The branch protection rules below should be added before the `**/**` branch protection rule
+(this may require deleting the `**/**` rule and recreating it at the end).
+
+### `main`
+
+- Require branches to be up to date before merging: UNCHECKED
+
+  (PR jobs take too long, and leaving this unchecked has not been a significant problem)
+
+- Status checks that are required:
+
+  - EasyCLA
+  - required-status-check
+  - gradle-wrapper-validation
+  - CodeQL
+
+### `release/*`
+
+Same settings as above for [`main`](#main).
+
+### `v0.*` and `v1.*` (old-style release branches)
+
+- Lock branch: CHECKED
+
+- Do not allow bypassing the above settings: CHECKED
+
+### `cloudfoundry`
+
+Same settings as above for [`main`](#main),
+except for the `required-status-check` required status check.
+
+### `renovate/**/*` and `otelbot/**/*`
+
+Same settings as
+for [`dependabot/**/*`](https://github.com/open-telemetry/community/blob/main/docs/how-to-configure-new-repository.md#branch-protection-rule-dependabot)
+
+### `gh-pages`
+
+- Everything UNCHECKED
 
-- Restrict who can push to matching branches: CHECKED
+  (This branch is currently only used for directly pushing benchmarking results from the
+  [Nightly overhead benchmark](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation/actions/workflows/nightly-benchmark-overhead.yml)
+  job)
 
 ## Code security and analysis