chore: update minimum Go version requirement (open-telemetry#7214)

Author: flc1125

content/en/docs/languages/go/getting-started.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ future versions.
 
 Ensure that you have the following installed locally:
 
-- [Go](https://go.dev/) 1.22 or greater
+- [Go](https://go.dev/) 1.23 or greater
 
 ## Example application