From 2a4aa8c7fffe1874f661613c9727006b0e309fb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Victor Duarte <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2025 14:48:16 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 01/29] add PythonExtension

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 116 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 116 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1faef7ca7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import { $ } from "execa";
+import { assert } from "@std/assert";
+import { BuildManifest } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3";
+import { BuildContext, BuildExtension } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3/build";
+import { logger } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
+
+export type PythonOptions = {
+  requirements?: string[];
+  requirementsFile?: string;
+  /**
+   * [Dev-only] The path to the python binary.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This option is typically used during local development or in specific testing environments
+   * where a particular Python installation needs to be targeted.  It should point to the full path of the python executable.
+   *
+   * Example: `/usr/bin/python3` or `C:\\Python39\\python.exe`
+   */
+  pythonBinaryPath?: string;
+};
+
+export function pythonExtension(options: PythonOptions = {}): BuildExtension {
+  return new PythonExtension(options);
+}
+
+class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
+  public readonly name = "PythonExtension";
+
+  constructor(private options: PythonOptions = {}) {
+    assert(
+      !(this.options.requirements && this.options.requirementsFile),
+      "Cannot specify both requirements and requirementsFile"
+    );
+
+    if (this.options.requirementsFile) {
+      this.options.requirements = fs
+        .readFileSync(this.options.requirementsFile, "utf-8")
+        .split("\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  async onBuildComplete(context: BuildContext, manifest: BuildManifest) {
+    if (context.target === "dev") {
+      if (this.options.pythonBinaryPath) {
+        process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH = this.options.pythonBinaryPath;
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    context.logger.debug(`Adding ${this.name} to the build`);
+
+    context.addLayer({
+      id: "python-extension",
+      build: {
+        env: {
+          REQUIREMENTS_CONTENT: this.options.requirements?.join("\n") || "",
+        },
+      },
+      image: {
+        instructions: `
+          # Install Python
+          RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+              python3 python3-pip python3-venv && \
+              apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+          # Set up Python environment
+          RUN python3 -m venv /opt/venv
+          ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
+
+          ARG REQUIREMENTS_CONTENT
+          RUN echo "$REQUIREMENTS_CONTENT" > requirements.txt
+
+          # Install dependenciess
+          RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+        `.split("\n"),
+      },
+      deploy: {
+        env: {
+          PYTHON_BIN_PATH: `/opt/venv/bin/python`,
+        },
+        override: true,
+      },
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+export const run = async (
+  args?: string,
+  options: Parameters<typeof $>[1] = {}
+) => {
+  const cmd = `${process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH || "python"} ${args}`;
+
+  logger.debug(
+    `Running python:\t${cmd} ${options.input ? `(with stdin)` : ""}`,
+    options
+  );
+
+  const result = await $({
+    shell: true,
+    ...options,
+  })`${cmd}`;
+
+  try {
+    assert(!result.failed, `Command failed: ${result.stderr}`);
+    assert(result.exitCode === 0, `Non-zero exit code: ${result.exitCode}`);
+  } catch (e) {
+    logger.error(e.message, result);
+    throw e;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+export default run;

From 987ab358447cd5e8586f775a5c821076aafa6ffd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2025 19:29:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/29] remove potential shell injection risk

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 11 ++++-------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 1faef7ca7f..ff6cffa5ab 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -86,21 +86,18 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
   }
 }
 
-export const run = async (
-  args?: string,
-  options: Parameters<typeof $>[1] = {}
-) => {
-  const cmd = `${process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH || "python"} ${args}`;
+export const run = async (scriptArgs: string[] = [], options: Parameters<typeof $>[1] = {}) => {
+  const pythonBin = process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH || "python";
 
   logger.debug(
-    `Running python:\t${cmd} ${options.input ? `(with stdin)` : ""}`,
+    `Running ${pythonBin} \t${JSON.stringify(scriptArgs)} ${options.input ? `(with stdin)` : ""}`,
     options
   );
 
   const result = await $({
     shell: true,
     ...options,
-  })`${cmd}`;
+  })(pythonBin, ...scriptArgs);
 
   try {
     assert(!result.failed, `Command failed: ${result.stderr}`);

From 8b97cec7c0f1630ff17472f99f673d6de19f0ba3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2025 21:15:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/29] Filter out blank lines or comment lines

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 16 +++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index ff6cffa5ab..b534540321 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ export type PythonOptions = {
   pythonBinaryPath?: string;
 };
 
+const splitAndCleanComments = (str: string) =>
+  str
+    .split("\n")
+    .map((line) => line.trim())
+    .filter((line) => line && !line.startsWith("#"));
+
 export function pythonExtension(options: PythonOptions = {}): BuildExtension {
   return new PythonExtension(options);
 }
@@ -34,9 +40,9 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
     );
 
     if (this.options.requirementsFile) {
-      this.options.requirements = fs
-        .readFileSync(this.options.requirementsFile, "utf-8")
-        .split("\n");
+      this.options.requirements = splitAndCleanComments(
+        fs.readFileSync(this.options.requirementsFile, "utf-8")
+      );
     }
   }
 
@@ -59,7 +65,7 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
         },
       },
       image: {
-        instructions: `
+        instructions: splitAndCleanComments(`
           # Install Python
           RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
               python3 python3-pip python3-venv && \
@@ -74,7 +80,7 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
 
           # Install dependenciess
           RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
-        `.split("\n"),
+        `),
       },
       deploy: {
         env: {

From 84699e50ee6d3fad5e1e5df0f4272d885c59c45f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2025 21:16:09 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/29] fix spelling

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index b534540321..725ac46e52 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
           ARG REQUIREMENTS_CONTENT
           RUN echo "$REQUIREMENTS_CONTENT" > requirements.txt
 
-          # Install dependenciess
+          # Install dependencies
           RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
         `),
       },

From d00d147e54d6b7858efe50b0246ae8411414b735 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2025 21:16:32 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/29] add pythonExtension's `runInline`

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 725ac46e52..16fbad4ee2 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -116,4 +116,9 @@ export const run = async (scriptArgs: string[] = [], options: Parameters<typeof
   return result;
 };
 
-export default run;
+export const runInline = (scriptContent: string, options: Parameters<typeof $>[1] = {}) => {
+  assert(scriptContent, "Script content is required");
+  return run([""], { input: scriptContent, ...options });
+};
+
+export default { run, runInline };

From 500d82b3d64fc3a6bdfd7c237393d9ef5db550e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2025 21:18:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/29] =?UTF-8?q?changes=20to=20requirements=20don?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=99t=20invalidate=20the=20entire=20install=20layer?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 28 +++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 16fbad4ee2..fdf42aaee2 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -58,12 +58,7 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
     context.logger.debug(`Adding ${this.name} to the build`);
 
     context.addLayer({
-      id: "python-extension",
-      build: {
-        env: {
-          REQUIREMENTS_CONTENT: this.options.requirements?.join("\n") || "",
-        },
-      },
+      id: "python-installation",
       image: {
         instructions: splitAndCleanComments(`
           # Install Python
@@ -74,7 +69,25 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
           # Set up Python environment
           RUN python3 -m venv /opt/venv
           ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
+        `),
+      },
+      deploy: {
+        env: {
+          PYTHON_BIN_PATH: `/opt/venv/bin/python`,
+        },
+        override: true,
+      },
+    });
 
+    context.addLayer({
+      id: "python-dependencies",
+      build: {
+        env: {
+          REQUIREMENTS_CONTENT: this.options.requirements?.join("\n") || "",
+        },
+      },
+      image: {
+        instructions: splitAndCleanComments(`
           ARG REQUIREMENTS_CONTENT
           RUN echo "$REQUIREMENTS_CONTENT" > requirements.txt
 
@@ -83,9 +96,6 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
         `),
       },
       deploy: {
-        env: {
-          PYTHON_BIN_PATH: `/opt/venv/bin/python`,
-        },
         override: true,
       },
     });

From f0b30d6c70a827cc6af129334f78755fdc27840c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2025 22:06:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/29] copy script files on-demand

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index fdf42aaee2..6b292850c2 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
-import { $ } from "execa";
+import { $, execa } from "execa";
 import { assert } from "@std/assert";
+import { additionalFiles } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/core";
 import { BuildManifest } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3";
 import { BuildContext, BuildExtension } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3/build";
 import { logger } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
@@ -18,6 +19,13 @@ export type PythonOptions = {
    * Example: `/usr/bin/python3` or `C:\\Python39\\python.exe`
    */
   pythonBinaryPath?: string;
+  /**
+   * An array of glob patterns that specify which Python scripts are allowed to be executed.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * These scripts will be copied to the container during the build process.
+   */
+  scripts?: string[];
 };
 
 const splitAndCleanComments = (str: string) =>
@@ -47,6 +55,10 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
   }
 
   async onBuildComplete(context: BuildContext, manifest: BuildManifest) {
+    await additionalFiles({
+      files: this.options.scripts ?? [],
+    }).onBuildComplete!(context, manifest);
+
     if (context.target === "dev") {
       if (this.options.pythonBinaryPath) {
         process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH = this.options.pythonBinaryPath;
@@ -110,10 +122,11 @@ export const run = async (scriptArgs: string[] = [], options: Parameters<typeof
     options
   );
 
-  const result = await $({
+  const result = await execa({
     shell: true,
+    verbose: (verboseLine, verboseObject) => logger.debug(verboseLine, verboseObject),
     ...options,
-  })(pythonBin, ...scriptArgs);
+  })(pythonBin, scriptArgs);
 
   try {
     assert(!result.failed, `Command failed: ${result.stderr}`);
@@ -126,9 +139,21 @@ export const run = async (scriptArgs: string[] = [], options: Parameters<typeof
   return result;
 };
 
+export const runScript = (
+  scriptPath: string,
+  scriptArgs: string[] = [],
+  options: Parameters<typeof $>[1] = {}
+) => {
+  assert(scriptPath, "Script path is required");
+  assert(fs.existsSync(scriptPath), `Script does not exist: ${scriptPath}`);
+
+  return run([scriptPath, ...scriptArgs], options);
+};
+
 export const runInline = (scriptContent: string, options: Parameters<typeof $>[1] = {}) => {
   assert(scriptContent, "Script content is required");
+
   return run([""], { input: scriptContent, ...options });
 };
 
-export default { run, runInline };
+export default { run, runScript, runInline };

From b63554e2ebd60dd10594bc83ffedc7d102b26e10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2025 22:19:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/29] improve PythonExtension types and logging

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 20 ++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 6b292850c2..5b88f718c4 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
-import { $, execa } from "execa";
+import { execa } from "execa";
 import { assert } from "@std/assert";
 import { additionalFiles } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/core";
 import { BuildManifest } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3";
 import { BuildContext, BuildExtension } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3/build";
 import { logger } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
 
+import type { VerboseObject } from "execa";
+
 export type PythonOptions = {
   requirements?: string[];
   requirementsFile?: string;
@@ -28,6 +30,8 @@ export type PythonOptions = {
   scripts?: string[];
 };
 
+type ExecaOptions = Parameters<typeof execa>[1];
+
 const splitAndCleanComments = (str: string) =>
   str
     .split("\n")
@@ -114,17 +118,13 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
   }
 }
 
-export const run = async (scriptArgs: string[] = [], options: Parameters<typeof $>[1] = {}) => {
+export const run = async (scriptArgs: string[] = [], options: ExecaOptions = {}) => {
   const pythonBin = process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH || "python";
 
-  logger.debug(
-    `Running ${pythonBin} \t${JSON.stringify(scriptArgs)} ${options.input ? `(with stdin)` : ""}`,
-    options
-  );
-
   const result = await execa({
     shell: true,
-    verbose: (verboseLine, verboseObject) => logger.debug(verboseLine, verboseObject),
+    verbose: (verboseLine: string, verboseObject: VerboseObject) =>
+      logger.debug(verboseObject.message, verboseObject),
     ...options,
   })(pythonBin, scriptArgs);
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ export const run = async (scriptArgs: string[] = [], options: Parameters<typeof
 export const runScript = (
   scriptPath: string,
   scriptArgs: string[] = [],
-  options: Parameters<typeof $>[1] = {}
+  options: ExecaOptions = {}
 ) => {
   assert(scriptPath, "Script path is required");
   assert(fs.existsSync(scriptPath), `Script does not exist: ${scriptPath}`);
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ export const runScript = (
   return run([scriptPath, ...scriptArgs], options);
 };
 
-export const runInline = (scriptContent: string, options: Parameters<typeof $>[1] = {}) => {
+export const runInline = (scriptContent: string, options: ExecaOptions = {}) => {
   assert(scriptContent, "Script content is required");
 
   return run([""], { input: scriptContent, ...options });

From 8ad700970315f3fd18e0df687270918a4652f115 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2025 22:48:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/29] add changeset

---
 .changeset/little-trains-begin.md | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/little-trains-begin.md

diff --git a/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md b/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89b8998251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@trigger.dev/build": minor
+---
+
+Introduced a new Python extension to enhance the build process. It now allows users to execute Python scripts with improved support and error handling.

From c3cbd6137813c442011e57d60a6b9fb9f0d1e3b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 02:32:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/29] fix broken imports

---
 packages/build/package.json             | 2 ++
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/package.json b/packages/build/package.json
index a697c62873..4b73cc9f8b 100644
--- a/packages/build/package.json
+++ b/packages/build/package.json
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@trigger.dev/core": "workspace:3.3.13",
+    "@trigger.dev/sdk": "workspace:3.3.13",
+    "execa": "^9.5.2",
     "pkg-types": "^1.1.3",
     "tinyglobby": "^0.2.2",
     "tsconfck": "3.1.3"
diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 5b88f718c4..c06e2803bd 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
+import assert from "node:assert";
 import { execa } from "execa";
-import { assert } from "@std/assert";
 import { additionalFiles } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/core";
 import { BuildManifest } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3";
 import { BuildContext, BuildExtension } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3/build";

From be2cefe5051403340f703ee65bed8736b7d86467 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Victor Duarte <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 11:42:43 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/29] Improve security of inline script execution

Co-authored-by: coderabbitai[bot] <136622811+coderabbitai[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 13 +++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index c06e2803bd..4363c08603 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -150,10 +150,19 @@ export const runScript = (
   return run([scriptPath, ...scriptArgs], options);
 };
 
-export const runInline = (scriptContent: string, options: ExecaOptions = {}) => {
+export const runInline = async (scriptContent: string, options: ExecaOptions = {}) => {
   assert(scriptContent, "Script content is required");
 
-  return run([""], { input: scriptContent, ...options });
+  // Create a temporary file with restricted permissions
+  const tmpFile = `/tmp/script_${Date.now()}.py`;
+  await fs.promises.writeFile(tmpFile, scriptContent, { mode: 0o600 });
+  
+  try {
+    return await runScript(tmpFile, [], options);
+  } finally {
+    // Clean up temporary file
+    await fs.promises.unlink(tmpFile);
+  }
 };
 
 export default { run, runScript, runInline };

From bb59bf8e8e5d4fc9df6d69714e592ee4cd3e9b8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Victor Duarte <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 11:52:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 12/29] Add file existence check for requirementsFile

Co-authored-by: coderabbitai[bot] <136622811+coderabbitai[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 4363c08603..5a7f81dff3 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
     );
 
     if (this.options.requirementsFile) {
+      assert(
+        fs.existsSync(this.options.requirementsFile),
+        `Requirements file not found: ${this.options.requirementsFile}`
+      );
       this.options.requirements = splitAndCleanComments(
         fs.readFileSync(this.options.requirementsFile, "utf-8")
       );

From 65d84d070c691f98d5c52d2b0eb75f5eda561b6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 11:54:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 13/29] update lock file

---
 pnpm-lock.yaml | 99 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 98 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 604337f9da..e06d1b8041 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -1038,6 +1038,12 @@ importers:
       '@trigger.dev/core':
         specifier: workspace:3.3.13
         version: link:../core
+      '@trigger.dev/sdk':
+        specifier: workspace:3.3.13
+        version: link:../trigger-sdk
+      execa:
+        specifier: ^9.5.2
+        version: 9.5.2
       pkg-types:
         specifier: ^1.1.3
         version: 1.1.3
@@ -15018,6 +15024,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-sXo/qW2/pAcmT43VoRKOJbDOfV3cYpq3szSVfIThQXNt+E4DfKj361vaAt3c88U5tPUxzEswam7GW48PJqtKAg==}
     dev: true
 
+  /@sec-ant/readable-stream@0.4.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-831qok9r2t8AlxLko40y2ebgSDhenenCatLVeW/uBtnHPyhHOvG0C7TvfgecV+wHzIm5KUICgzmVpWS+IMEAeg==}
+    dev: false
+
   /@selderee/plugin-htmlparser2@0.11.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-P33hHGdldxGabLFjPPpaTxVolMrzrcegejx+0GxjrIb9Zv48D8yAIA/QTDR2dFl7Uz7urX8aX6+5bCZslr+gWQ==}
     dependencies:
@@ -15176,6 +15186,11 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-t09vSN3MdfsyCHoFcTRCH/iUtG7OJ0CsjzB8cjAmKc/va/kIgeDI/TxsigdncE/4be734m0cvIYwNaV4i2XqAw==}
     engines: {node: '>=10'}
 
+  /@sindresorhus/merge-streams@4.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-tlqY9xq5ukxTUZBmoOp+m61cqwQD5pHJtFY3Mn8CA8ps6yghLH/Hw8UPdqg4OLmFW3IFlcXnQNmo/dh8HzXYIQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dev: false
+
   /@sindresorhus/slugify@2.2.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-MkngSCRZ8JdSOCHRaYd+D01XhvU3Hjy6MGl06zhOk614hp9EOAp5gIkBeQg7wtmxpitU6eAL4kdiRMcJa2dlrw==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
@@ -22011,6 +22026,24 @@ packages:
       signal-exit: 4.1.0
       strip-final-newline: 3.0.0
 
+  /execa@9.5.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-EHlpxMCpHWSAh1dgS6bVeoLAXGnJNdR93aabr4QCGbzOM73o5XmRfM/e5FUqsw3aagP8S8XEWUWFAxnRBnAF0Q==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.19.0 || >=20.5.0}
+    dependencies:
+      '@sindresorhus/merge-streams': 4.0.0
+      cross-spawn: 7.0.3
+      figures: 6.1.0
+      get-stream: 9.0.1
+      human-signals: 8.0.0
+      is-plain-obj: 4.1.0
+      is-stream: 4.0.1
+      npm-run-path: 6.0.0
+      pretty-ms: 9.2.0
+      signal-exit: 4.1.0
+      strip-final-newline: 4.0.0
+      yoctocolors: 2.1.1
+    dev: false
+
   /exit-hook@2.2.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-eNTPlAD67BmP31LDINZ3U7HSF8l57TxOY2PmBJ1shpCvpnxBF93mWCE8YHBnXs8qiUZJc9WDcWIeC3a2HIAMfw==}
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
@@ -22242,6 +22275,13 @@ packages:
       escape-string-regexp: 1.0.5
     dev: false
 
+  /figures@6.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-d+l3qxjSesT4V7v2fh+QnmFnUWv9lSpjarhShNTgBOfA0ttejbQUAlHLitbjkoRiDulW0OPoQPYIGhIC8ohejg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dependencies:
+      is-unicode-supported: 2.1.0
+    dev: false
+
   /file-entry-cache@6.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-7Gps/XWymbLk2QLYK4NzpMOrYjMhdIxXuIvy2QBsLE6ljuodKvdkWs/cpyJJ3CVIVpH0Oi1Hvg1ovbMzLdFBBg==}
     engines: {node: ^10.12.0 || >=12.0.0}
@@ -22670,6 +22710,14 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-VaUJspBffn/LMCJVoMvSAdmscJyS1auj5Zulnn5UoYcY531UWmdwhRWkcGKnGU93m5HSXP9LP2usOryrBtQowA==}
     engines: {node: '>=16'}
 
+  /get-stream@9.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-kVCxPF3vQM/N0B1PmoqVUqgHP+EeVjmZSQn+1oCRPxd2P21P2F19lIgbR3HBosbB1PUhOAoctJnfEn2GbN2eZA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dependencies:
+      '@sec-ant/readable-stream': 0.4.1
+      is-stream: 4.0.1
+    dev: false
+
   /get-symbol-description@1.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-2EmdH1YvIQiZpltCNgkuiUnyukzxM/R6NDJX31Ke3BG1Nq5b0S2PhX59UKi9vZpPDQVdqn+1IcaAwnzTT5vCjw==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.4'}
@@ -23279,6 +23327,11 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-AXcZb6vzzrFAUE61HnN4mpLqd/cSIwNQjtNWR0euPm6y0iqx3G4gOXaIDdtdDwZmhwe82LA6+zinmW4UBWVePQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=16.17.0'}
 
+  /human-signals@8.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-/1/GPCpDUCCYwlERiYjxoczfP0zfvZMU/OWgQPMya9AbAE24vseigFdhAMObpc8Q4lc/kjutPfUddDYyAmejnA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18.18.0'}
+    dev: false
+
   /humanize-duration@3.27.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-iimHkHPfIAQ8zCDQLgn08pRqSVioyWvnGfaQ8gond2wf7Jq2jJ+24ykmnRyiz3fIldcn4oUuQXpjqKLhSVR7lw==}
     dev: false
@@ -23739,7 +23792,6 @@ packages:
   /is-plain-obj@4.1.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+Pgi+vMuUNkJyExiMBt5IlFoMyKnr5zhJ4Uspz58WOhBF5QoIZkFyNHIbBAtHwzVAgk5RtndVNsDRN61/mmDqg==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
-    dev: true
 
   /is-plain-object@5.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-VRSzKkbMm5jMDoKLbltAkFQ5Qr7VDiTFGXxYFXXowVj387GeGNOCsOH6Msy00SGZ3Fp84b1Naa1psqgcCIEP5Q==}
@@ -23784,6 +23836,11 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-LnQR4bZ9IADDRSkvpqMGvt/tEJWclzklNgSw48V5EAaAeDd6qGvN8ei6k5p0tvxSR171VmGyHuTiAOfxAbr8kA==}
     engines: {node: ^12.20.0 || ^14.13.1 || >=16.0.0}
 
+  /is-stream@4.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Dnz92NInDqYckGEUJv689RbRiTSEHCQ7wOVeALbkOz999YpqT46yMRIGtSNl2iCL1waAZSx40+h59NV/EwzV/A==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dev: false
+
   /is-string@1.0.7:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-tE2UXzivje6ofPW7l23cjDOMa09gb7xlAqG6jG5ej6uPV32TlWP3NKPigtaGeHNu9fohccRYvIiZMfOOnOYUtg==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.4'}
@@ -23828,6 +23885,11 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-knxG2q4UC3u8stRGyAVJCOdxFmv5DZiRcdlIaAQXAbSfJya+OhopNotLQrstBhququ4ZpuKbDc/8S6mgXgPFPw==}
     engines: {node: '>=10'}
 
+  /is-unicode-supported@2.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-mE00Gnza5EEB3Ds0HfMyllZzbBrmLOX3vfWoj9A9PEnTfratQ/BcaJOuMhnkhjXvb2+FkY3VuHqtAGpTPmglFQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dev: false
+
   /is-weakref@1.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-qctsuLZmIQ0+vSSMfoVvyFe2+GSEvnmZ2ezTup1SBse9+twCCeial6EEi3Nc2KFcf6+qz2FBPnjXsk8xhKSaPQ==}
     dependencies:
@@ -25866,6 +25928,14 @@ packages:
     dependencies:
       path-key: 4.0.0
 
+  /npm-run-path@6.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9qny7Z9DsQU8Ou39ERsPU4OZQlSTP47ShQzuKZ6PRXpYLtIFgl/DEBYEXKlvcEa+9tHVcK8CF81Y2V72qaZhWA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dependencies:
+      path-key: 4.0.0
+      unicorn-magic: 0.3.0
+    dev: false
+
   /num2fraction@1.2.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Y1wZESM7VUThYY+4W+X4ySH2maqcA+p7UR+w8VWNWVAd6lwuXXWz/w/Cz43J/dI2I+PS6wD5N+bJUF+gjWvIqg==}
     dev: false
@@ -26494,6 +26564,11 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
     dev: true
 
+  /parse-ms@4.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-TXfryirbmq34y8QBwgqCVLi+8oA3oWx2eAnSn62ITyEhEYaWRlVZ2DvMM9eZbMs/RfxPu/PK/aBLyGj4IrqMHw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dev: false
+
   /parse5-htmlparser2-tree-adapter@6.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-qPuWvbLgvDGilKc5BoicRovlT4MtYT6JfJyBOMDsKoiT+GiuP5qyrPCnR9HcPECIJJmZh5jRndyNThnhhb/vlA==}
     dependencies:
@@ -27287,6 +27362,13 @@ packages:
       parse-ms: 2.1.0
     dev: true
 
+  /pretty-ms@9.2.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-4yf0QO/sllf/1zbZWYnvWw3NxCQwLXKzIj0G849LSufP15BXKM0rbD2Z3wVnkMfjdn/CB0Dpp444gYAACdsplg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dependencies:
+      parse-ms: 4.0.0
+    dev: false
+
   /printable-characters@1.0.42:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dKp+C4iXWK4vVYZmYSd0KBH5F/h1HoZRsbJ82AVKRO3PEo8L4lBS/vLwhVtpwwuYcoIsVY+1JYKR268yn480uQ==}
 
@@ -29779,6 +29861,11 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dOESqjYr96iWYylGObzd39EuNTa5VJxyvVAEm5Jnh7KGo75V43Hk1odPQkNDyXNmUR6k+gEiDVXnjB8HJ3crXw==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
+  /strip-final-newline@4.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-aulFJcD6YK8V1G7iRB5tigAP4TsHBZZrOV8pjV++zdUwmeV8uzbY7yn6h9MswN62adStNZFuCIx4haBnRuMDaw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dev: false
+
   /strip-indent@3.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-laJTa3Jb+VQpaC6DseHhF7dXVqHTfJPCRDaEbid/drOhgitgYku/letMUqOXFoWV0zIIUbjpdH2t+tYj4bQMRQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -31264,6 +31351,11 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=18'}
     dev: true
 
+  /unicorn-magic@0.3.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-+QBBXBCvifc56fsbuxZQ6Sic3wqqc3WWaqxs58gvJrcOuN83HGTCwz3oS5phzU9LthRNE9VrJCFCLUgHeeFnfA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dev: false
+
   /unified@10.1.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-pUSWAi/RAnVy1Pif2kAoeWNBa3JVrx0MId2LASj8G+7AiHWoKZNTomq6LG326T68U7/e263X6fTdcXIy7XnF7Q==}
     dependencies:
@@ -32867,6 +32959,11 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=12.20'}
     dev: false
 
+  /yoctocolors@2.1.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-GQHQqAopRhwU8Kt1DDM8NjibDXHC8eoh1erhGAJPEyveY9qqVeXvVikNKrDz69sHowPMorbPUrH/mx8c50eiBQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    dev: false
+
   /youch@3.3.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-qSFXUk3UZBLfggAW3dJKg0BMblG5biqSF8M34E06o5CSsZtH92u9Hqmj2RzGiHDi64fhe83+4tENFP2DB6t6ZA==}
     dependencies:

From 7c969302ce43e8c10aff95ac8828ae18e5a1ac37 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 12:27:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 14/29] Enhance error handling with detailed error information

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 17 +++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 5a7f81dff3..96322ffa49 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -133,10 +133,19 @@ export const run = async (scriptArgs: string[] = [], options: ExecaOptions = {})
   })(pythonBin, scriptArgs);
 
   try {
-    assert(!result.failed, `Command failed: ${result.stderr}`);
-    assert(result.exitCode === 0, `Non-zero exit code: ${result.exitCode}`);
+    assert(!result.failed, `Python command failed: ${result.stderr}\nCommand: ${result.command}`);
+    assert(
+      result.exitCode === 0,
+      `Python command exited with non-zero code ${result.exitCode}\nStdout: ${result.stdout}\nStderr: ${result.stderr}`
+    );
   } catch (e) {
-    logger.error(e.message, result);
+    logger.error("Python command execution failed", {
+      error: e.message,
+      command: result.command,
+      stdout: result.stdout,
+      stderr: result.stderr,
+      exitCode: result.exitCode,
+    });
     throw e;
   }
 
@@ -160,7 +169,7 @@ export const runInline = async (scriptContent: string, options: ExecaOptions = {
   // Create a temporary file with restricted permissions
   const tmpFile = `/tmp/script_${Date.now()}.py`;
   await fs.promises.writeFile(tmpFile, scriptContent, { mode: 0o600 });
-  
+
   try {
     return await runScript(tmpFile, [], options);
   } finally {

From c599809973566b44f683f5d844a8e7f23886bde2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 12:38:32 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 15/29] Add portable type annotation

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 96322ffa49..477f921740 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -122,7 +122,10 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
   }
 }
 
-export const run = async (scriptArgs: string[] = [], options: ExecaOptions = {}) => {
+export const run = async (
+  scriptArgs: string[] = [],
+  options: ExecaOptions = {}
+): Promise<ReturnType<typeof execa>> => {
   const pythonBin = process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH || "python";
 
   const result = await execa({

From 015f3aaa79ceb5396709c6b23e7c1dae18588541 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 12:49:25 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 16/29] fix error TS18046: 'e' is of type 'unknown'

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 9 ++++-----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 477f921740..525114ea1b 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -130,8 +130,7 @@ export const run = async (
 
   const result = await execa({
     shell: true,
-    verbose: (verboseLine: string, verboseObject: VerboseObject) =>
-      logger.debug(verboseObject.message, verboseObject),
+    verbose: (line: string, obj: VerboseObject) => logger.debug(obj.message, obj),
     ...options,
   })(pythonBin, scriptArgs);
 
@@ -141,15 +140,15 @@ export const run = async (
       result.exitCode === 0,
       `Python command exited with non-zero code ${result.exitCode}\nStdout: ${result.stdout}\nStderr: ${result.stderr}`
     );
-  } catch (e) {
+  } catch (error) {
     logger.error("Python command execution failed", {
-      error: e.message,
+      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : error,
       command: result.command,
       stdout: result.stdout,
       stderr: result.stderr,
       exitCode: result.exitCode,
     });
-    throw e;
+    throw error;
   }
 
   return result;

From 4302077e46a4753449563e5c4e1dd0f502c2fb55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 13:00:43 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 17/29] export the python extension

---
 packages/build/package.json | 15 +++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+)

diff --git a/packages/build/package.json b/packages/build/package.json
index 4b73cc9f8b..18e0b996f3 100644
--- a/packages/build/package.json
+++ b/packages/build/package.json
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
       "./extensions/prisma": "./src/extensions/prisma.ts",
       "./extensions/audioWaveform": "./src/extensions/audioWaveform.ts",
       "./extensions/typescript": "./src/extensions/typescript.ts",
+      "./extensions/python": "./src/extensions/python.ts",
       "./extensions/puppeteer": "./src/extensions/puppeteer.ts"
     },
     "sourceDialects": [
@@ -51,6 +52,9 @@
       "extensions/typescript": [
         "dist/commonjs/extensions/typescript.d.ts"
       ],
+      "extensions/python": [
+        "dist/commonjs/extensions/python.d.ts"
+      ],
       "extensions/puppeteer": [
         "dist/commonjs/extensions/puppeteer.d.ts"
       ]
@@ -152,6 +156,17 @@
         "default": "./dist/commonjs/extensions/typescript.js"
       }
     },
+    "./extensions/python": {
+      "import": {
+        "@triggerdotdev/source": "./src/extensions/python.ts",
+        "types": "./dist/esm/extensions/python.d.ts",
+        "default": "./dist/esm/extensions/python.js"
+      },
+      "require": {
+        "types": "./dist/commonjs/extensions/python.d.ts",
+        "default": "./dist/commonjs/extensions/python.js"
+      }
+    },
     "./extensions/puppeteer": {
       "import": {
         "@triggerdotdev/source": "./src/extensions/puppeteer.ts",

From 8ef78ee365d8c13bc1d175ad604655be9f97a846 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 13:00:59 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 18/29] add `pythonExtension` to the catalog

---
 references/v3-catalog/trigger.config.ts | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/references/v3-catalog/trigger.config.ts b/references/v3-catalog/trigger.config.ts
index 830ac38999..c6fcca68e3 100644
--- a/references/v3-catalog/trigger.config.ts
+++ b/references/v3-catalog/trigger.config.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { ffmpeg, syncEnvVars } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/core";
 import { puppeteer } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/puppeteer";
 import { prismaExtension } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/prisma";
 import { emitDecoratorMetadata } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/typescript";
+import { pythonExtension } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/python";
 import { defineConfig } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
 
 export { handleError } from "./src/handleError.js";
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
           value: secret.secretValue,
         }));
       }),
+      pythonExtension(),
       puppeteer(),
     ],
     external: ["re2"],

From ca51709a48684f3fbf4629f8044a03505fe9e49e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2025 02:13:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 19/29] fix `Cannot find module
 '@trigger.dev/build/extensions/core' (TS2307)

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 525114ea1b..2303cb0c65 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import assert from "node:assert";
 import { execa } from "execa";
-import { additionalFiles } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/core";
+import { additionalFiles } from "./core/additionalFiles.js";
 import { BuildManifest } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3";
 import { BuildContext, BuildExtension } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3/build";
 import { logger } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";

From ddc706abd83e6e9a76540650831d29d07ecf71c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2025 03:11:14 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 20/29] replace execa by tinyexec

---
 packages/build/package.json             |   2 +-
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts |  26 +++---
 pnpm-lock.yaml                          | 103 ++----------------------
 3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 113 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/package.json b/packages/build/package.json
index 18e0b996f3..1a14eb84f7 100644
--- a/packages/build/package.json
+++ b/packages/build/package.json
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "@trigger.dev/core": "workspace:3.3.13",
     "@trigger.dev/sdk": "workspace:3.3.13",
-    "execa": "^9.5.2",
     "pkg-types": "^1.1.3",
+    "tinyexec": "^0.3.2",
     "tinyglobby": "^0.2.2",
     "tsconfck": "3.1.3"
   },
diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 2303cb0c65..74961fa23b 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import assert from "node:assert";
-import { execa } from "execa";
 import { additionalFiles } from "./core/additionalFiles.js";
 import { BuildManifest } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3";
 import { BuildContext, BuildExtension } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3/build";
 import { logger } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
-
-import type { VerboseObject } from "execa";
+import { x, Options as XOptions, Result } from "tinyexec";
 
 export type PythonOptions = {
   requirements?: string[];
@@ -30,8 +28,6 @@ export type PythonOptions = {
   scripts?: string[];
 };
 
-type ExecaOptions = Parameters<typeof execa>[1];
-
 const splitAndCleanComments = (str: string) =>
   str
     .split("\n")
@@ -124,18 +120,16 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
 
 export const run = async (
   scriptArgs: string[] = [],
-  options: ExecaOptions = {}
-): Promise<ReturnType<typeof execa>> => {
+  options: Partial<XOptions> = {}
+): Promise<Result> => {
   const pythonBin = process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH || "python";
 
-  const result = await execa({
-    shell: true,
-    verbose: (line: string, obj: VerboseObject) => logger.debug(obj.message, obj),
+  const result = await x(pythonBin, scriptArgs, {
     ...options,
-  })(pythonBin, scriptArgs);
+    throwOnError: false, // Ensure errors are handled manually
+  });
 
   try {
-    assert(!result.failed, `Python command failed: ${result.stderr}\nCommand: ${result.command}`);
     assert(
       result.exitCode === 0,
       `Python command exited with non-zero code ${result.exitCode}\nStdout: ${result.stdout}\nStderr: ${result.stderr}`
@@ -143,7 +137,7 @@ export const run = async (
   } catch (error) {
     logger.error("Python command execution failed", {
       error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : error,
-      command: result.command,
+      command: `${pythonBin} ${scriptArgs.join(" ")}`,
       stdout: result.stdout,
       stderr: result.stderr,
       exitCode: result.exitCode,
@@ -157,7 +151,7 @@ export const run = async (
 export const runScript = (
   scriptPath: string,
   scriptArgs: string[] = [],
-  options: ExecaOptions = {}
+  options: Partial<XOptions> = {}
 ) => {
   assert(scriptPath, "Script path is required");
   assert(fs.existsSync(scriptPath), `Script does not exist: ${scriptPath}`);
@@ -165,17 +159,15 @@ export const runScript = (
   return run([scriptPath, ...scriptArgs], options);
 };
 
-export const runInline = async (scriptContent: string, options: ExecaOptions = {}) => {
+export const runInline = async (scriptContent: string, options: Partial<XOptions> = {}) => {
   assert(scriptContent, "Script content is required");
 
-  // Create a temporary file with restricted permissions
   const tmpFile = `/tmp/script_${Date.now()}.py`;
   await fs.promises.writeFile(tmpFile, scriptContent, { mode: 0o600 });
 
   try {
     return await runScript(tmpFile, [], options);
   } finally {
-    // Clean up temporary file
     await fs.promises.unlink(tmpFile);
   }
 };
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index e06d1b8041..59c21c28ae 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -1041,12 +1041,12 @@ importers:
       '@trigger.dev/sdk':
         specifier: workspace:3.3.13
         version: link:../trigger-sdk
-      execa:
-        specifier: ^9.5.2
-        version: 9.5.2
       pkg-types:
         specifier: ^1.1.3
         version: 1.1.3
+      tinyexec:
+        specifier: ^0.3.2
+        version: 0.3.2
       tinyglobby:
         specifier: ^0.2.2
         version: 0.2.2
@@ -15024,10 +15024,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-sXo/qW2/pAcmT43VoRKOJbDOfV3cYpq3szSVfIThQXNt+E4DfKj361vaAt3c88U5tPUxzEswam7GW48PJqtKAg==}
     dev: true
 
-  /@sec-ant/readable-stream@0.4.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-831qok9r2t8AlxLko40y2ebgSDhenenCatLVeW/uBtnHPyhHOvG0C7TvfgecV+wHzIm5KUICgzmVpWS+IMEAeg==}
-    dev: false
-
   /@selderee/plugin-htmlparser2@0.11.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-P33hHGdldxGabLFjPPpaTxVolMrzrcegejx+0GxjrIb9Zv48D8yAIA/QTDR2dFl7Uz7urX8aX6+5bCZslr+gWQ==}
     dependencies:
@@ -15186,11 +15182,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-t09vSN3MdfsyCHoFcTRCH/iUtG7OJ0CsjzB8cjAmKc/va/kIgeDI/TxsigdncE/4be734m0cvIYwNaV4i2XqAw==}
     engines: {node: '>=10'}
 
-  /@sindresorhus/merge-streams@4.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-tlqY9xq5ukxTUZBmoOp+m61cqwQD5pHJtFY3Mn8CA8ps6yghLH/Hw8UPdqg4OLmFW3IFlcXnQNmo/dh8HzXYIQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dev: false
-
   /@sindresorhus/slugify@2.2.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-MkngSCRZ8JdSOCHRaYd+D01XhvU3Hjy6MGl06zhOk614hp9EOAp5gIkBeQg7wtmxpitU6eAL4kdiRMcJa2dlrw==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
@@ -22026,24 +22017,6 @@ packages:
       signal-exit: 4.1.0
       strip-final-newline: 3.0.0
 
-  /execa@9.5.2:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-EHlpxMCpHWSAh1dgS6bVeoLAXGnJNdR93aabr4QCGbzOM73o5XmRfM/e5FUqsw3aagP8S8XEWUWFAxnRBnAF0Q==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.19.0 || >=20.5.0}
-    dependencies:
-      '@sindresorhus/merge-streams': 4.0.0
-      cross-spawn: 7.0.3
-      figures: 6.1.0
-      get-stream: 9.0.1
-      human-signals: 8.0.0
-      is-plain-obj: 4.1.0
-      is-stream: 4.0.1
-      npm-run-path: 6.0.0
-      pretty-ms: 9.2.0
-      signal-exit: 4.1.0
-      strip-final-newline: 4.0.0
-      yoctocolors: 2.1.1
-    dev: false
-
   /exit-hook@2.2.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-eNTPlAD67BmP31LDINZ3U7HSF8l57TxOY2PmBJ1shpCvpnxBF93mWCE8YHBnXs8qiUZJc9WDcWIeC3a2HIAMfw==}
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
@@ -22275,13 +22248,6 @@ packages:
       escape-string-regexp: 1.0.5
     dev: false
 
-  /figures@6.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-d+l3qxjSesT4V7v2fh+QnmFnUWv9lSpjarhShNTgBOfA0ttejbQUAlHLitbjkoRiDulW0OPoQPYIGhIC8ohejg==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dependencies:
-      is-unicode-supported: 2.1.0
-    dev: false
-
   /file-entry-cache@6.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-7Gps/XWymbLk2QLYK4NzpMOrYjMhdIxXuIvy2QBsLE6ljuodKvdkWs/cpyJJ3CVIVpH0Oi1Hvg1ovbMzLdFBBg==}
     engines: {node: ^10.12.0 || >=12.0.0}
@@ -22710,14 +22676,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-VaUJspBffn/LMCJVoMvSAdmscJyS1auj5Zulnn5UoYcY531UWmdwhRWkcGKnGU93m5HSXP9LP2usOryrBtQowA==}
     engines: {node: '>=16'}
 
-  /get-stream@9.0.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-kVCxPF3vQM/N0B1PmoqVUqgHP+EeVjmZSQn+1oCRPxd2P21P2F19lIgbR3HBosbB1PUhOAoctJnfEn2GbN2eZA==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dependencies:
-      '@sec-ant/readable-stream': 0.4.1
-      is-stream: 4.0.1
-    dev: false
-
   /get-symbol-description@1.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-2EmdH1YvIQiZpltCNgkuiUnyukzxM/R6NDJX31Ke3BG1Nq5b0S2PhX59UKi9vZpPDQVdqn+1IcaAwnzTT5vCjw==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.4'}
@@ -23327,11 +23285,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-AXcZb6vzzrFAUE61HnN4mpLqd/cSIwNQjtNWR0euPm6y0iqx3G4gOXaIDdtdDwZmhwe82LA6+zinmW4UBWVePQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=16.17.0'}
 
-  /human-signals@8.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-/1/GPCpDUCCYwlERiYjxoczfP0zfvZMU/OWgQPMya9AbAE24vseigFdhAMObpc8Q4lc/kjutPfUddDYyAmejnA==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18.18.0'}
-    dev: false
-
   /humanize-duration@3.27.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-iimHkHPfIAQ8zCDQLgn08pRqSVioyWvnGfaQ8gond2wf7Jq2jJ+24ykmnRyiz3fIldcn4oUuQXpjqKLhSVR7lw==}
     dev: false
@@ -23792,6 +23745,7 @@ packages:
   /is-plain-obj@4.1.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+Pgi+vMuUNkJyExiMBt5IlFoMyKnr5zhJ4Uspz58WOhBF5QoIZkFyNHIbBAtHwzVAgk5RtndVNsDRN61/mmDqg==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
+    dev: true
 
   /is-plain-object@5.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-VRSzKkbMm5jMDoKLbltAkFQ5Qr7VDiTFGXxYFXXowVj387GeGNOCsOH6Msy00SGZ3Fp84b1Naa1psqgcCIEP5Q==}
@@ -23836,11 +23790,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-LnQR4bZ9IADDRSkvpqMGvt/tEJWclzklNgSw48V5EAaAeDd6qGvN8ei6k5p0tvxSR171VmGyHuTiAOfxAbr8kA==}
     engines: {node: ^12.20.0 || ^14.13.1 || >=16.0.0}
 
-  /is-stream@4.0.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Dnz92NInDqYckGEUJv689RbRiTSEHCQ7wOVeALbkOz999YpqT46yMRIGtSNl2iCL1waAZSx40+h59NV/EwzV/A==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dev: false
-
   /is-string@1.0.7:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-tE2UXzivje6ofPW7l23cjDOMa09gb7xlAqG6jG5ej6uPV32TlWP3NKPigtaGeHNu9fohccRYvIiZMfOOnOYUtg==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.4'}
@@ -23885,11 +23834,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-knxG2q4UC3u8stRGyAVJCOdxFmv5DZiRcdlIaAQXAbSfJya+OhopNotLQrstBhququ4ZpuKbDc/8S6mgXgPFPw==}
     engines: {node: '>=10'}
 
-  /is-unicode-supported@2.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-mE00Gnza5EEB3Ds0HfMyllZzbBrmLOX3vfWoj9A9PEnTfratQ/BcaJOuMhnkhjXvb2+FkY3VuHqtAGpTPmglFQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dev: false
-
   /is-weakref@1.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-qctsuLZmIQ0+vSSMfoVvyFe2+GSEvnmZ2ezTup1SBse9+twCCeial6EEi3Nc2KFcf6+qz2FBPnjXsk8xhKSaPQ==}
     dependencies:
@@ -25928,14 +25872,6 @@ packages:
     dependencies:
       path-key: 4.0.0
 
-  /npm-run-path@6.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9qny7Z9DsQU8Ou39ERsPU4OZQlSTP47ShQzuKZ6PRXpYLtIFgl/DEBYEXKlvcEa+9tHVcK8CF81Y2V72qaZhWA==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dependencies:
-      path-key: 4.0.0
-      unicorn-magic: 0.3.0
-    dev: false
-
   /num2fraction@1.2.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Y1wZESM7VUThYY+4W+X4ySH2maqcA+p7UR+w8VWNWVAd6lwuXXWz/w/Cz43J/dI2I+PS6wD5N+bJUF+gjWvIqg==}
     dev: false
@@ -26564,11 +26500,6 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
     dev: true
 
-  /parse-ms@4.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-TXfryirbmq34y8QBwgqCVLi+8oA3oWx2eAnSn62ITyEhEYaWRlVZ2DvMM9eZbMs/RfxPu/PK/aBLyGj4IrqMHw==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dev: false
-
   /parse5-htmlparser2-tree-adapter@6.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-qPuWvbLgvDGilKc5BoicRovlT4MtYT6JfJyBOMDsKoiT+GiuP5qyrPCnR9HcPECIJJmZh5jRndyNThnhhb/vlA==}
     dependencies:
@@ -27362,13 +27293,6 @@ packages:
       parse-ms: 2.1.0
     dev: true
 
-  /pretty-ms@9.2.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-4yf0QO/sllf/1zbZWYnvWw3NxCQwLXKzIj0G849LSufP15BXKM0rbD2Z3wVnkMfjdn/CB0Dpp444gYAACdsplg==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dependencies:
-      parse-ms: 4.0.0
-    dev: false
-
   /printable-characters@1.0.42:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dKp+C4iXWK4vVYZmYSd0KBH5F/h1HoZRsbJ82AVKRO3PEo8L4lBS/vLwhVtpwwuYcoIsVY+1JYKR268yn480uQ==}
 
@@ -29861,11 +29785,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dOESqjYr96iWYylGObzd39EuNTa5VJxyvVAEm5Jnh7KGo75V43Hk1odPQkNDyXNmUR6k+gEiDVXnjB8HJ3crXw==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
-  /strip-final-newline@4.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-aulFJcD6YK8V1G7iRB5tigAP4TsHBZZrOV8pjV++zdUwmeV8uzbY7yn6h9MswN62adStNZFuCIx4haBnRuMDaw==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dev: false
-
   /strip-indent@3.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-laJTa3Jb+VQpaC6DseHhF7dXVqHTfJPCRDaEbid/drOhgitgYku/letMUqOXFoWV0zIIUbjpdH2t+tYj4bQMRQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -30542,6 +30461,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-WiCJLEECkO18gwqIp6+hJg0//p23HXp4S+gGtAKu3mI2F2/sXC4FvHvXvB0zJVVaTPhx1/tOwdbRsa1sOBIKqQ==}
     dev: false
 
+  /tinyexec@0.3.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-KQQR9yN7R5+OSwaK0XQoj22pwHoTlgYqmUscPYoknOoWCWfj/5/ABTMRi69FrKU5ffPVh5QcFikpWJI/P1ocHA==}
+    dev: false
+
   /tinyglobby@0.2.10:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Zc+8eJlFMvgatPZTl6A9L/yht8QqdmUNtURHaKZLmKBE12hNPSrqNkUp2cs3M/UKmNVVAMFQYSjYIVHDjW5zew==}
     engines: {node: '>=12.0.0'}
@@ -31351,11 +31274,6 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=18'}
     dev: true
 
-  /unicorn-magic@0.3.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-+QBBXBCvifc56fsbuxZQ6Sic3wqqc3WWaqxs58gvJrcOuN83HGTCwz3oS5phzU9LthRNE9VrJCFCLUgHeeFnfA==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dev: false
-
   /unified@10.1.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-pUSWAi/RAnVy1Pif2kAoeWNBa3JVrx0MId2LASj8G+7AiHWoKZNTomq6LG326T68U7/e263X6fTdcXIy7XnF7Q==}
     dependencies:
@@ -32959,11 +32877,6 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=12.20'}
     dev: false
 
-  /yoctocolors@2.1.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-GQHQqAopRhwU8Kt1DDM8NjibDXHC8eoh1erhGAJPEyveY9qqVeXvVikNKrDz69sHowPMorbPUrH/mx8c50eiBQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    dev: false
-
   /youch@3.3.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-qSFXUk3UZBLfggAW3dJKg0BMblG5biqSF8M34E06o5CSsZtH92u9Hqmj2RzGiHDi64fhe83+4tENFP2DB6t6ZA==}
     dependencies:

From cf95fcaafbaa1730a7c6011c6c7c19b3f7c8a1ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matt Aitken <matt@mattaitken.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2025 14:17:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/29] Update pnpm-lock.yaml

---
 pnpm-lock.yaml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index f0cf09d19d..a100f2e4a1 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ importers:
         specifier: workspace:3.3.14
         version: link:../core
       '@trigger.dev/sdk':
-        specifier: workspace:3.3.13
+        specifier: workspace:3.3.14
         version: link:../trigger-sdk
       pkg-types:
         specifier: ^1.1.3

From c24612006bb5c58c1aa62ce677f6eba8d5e1ef24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 16 Feb 2025 11:18:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 22/29] add custom traces instead of logging

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 35 +++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 74961fa23b..49eb4ff531 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -124,28 +124,25 @@ export const run = async (
 ): Promise<Result> => {
   const pythonBin = process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH || "python";
 
-  const result = await x(pythonBin, scriptArgs, {
-    ...options,
-    throwOnError: false, // Ensure errors are handled manually
-  });
-
-  try {
-    assert(
-      result.exitCode === 0,
-      `Python command exited with non-zero code ${result.exitCode}\nStdout: ${result.stdout}\nStderr: ${result.stderr}`
-    );
-  } catch (error) {
-    logger.error("Python command execution failed", {
-      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : error,
+  return await logger.trace("Python call", async (span) => {
+    span.addEvent("Properties", {
       command: `${pythonBin} ${scriptArgs.join(" ")}`,
-      stdout: result.stdout,
-      stderr: result.stderr,
-      exitCode: result.exitCode,
     });
-    throw error;
-  }
 
-  return result;
+    const result = await x(pythonBin, scriptArgs, {
+      ...options,
+      throwOnError: false, // Ensure errors are handled manually
+    });
+
+    span.addEvent("Output", { ...result });
+
+    if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+      logger.error(result.stderr, { ...result });
+      throw new Error(`Python command exited with non-zero code ${result.exitCode}`);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  });
 };
 
 export const runScript = (

From 477663728ed90f26d1f30993fe22526b673f5942 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 05:34:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 23/29] The cleanup in the finally block does not fail silently
 anymore

---
 packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
index 49eb4ff531..3caa1a4300 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
@@ -165,7 +165,13 @@ export const runInline = async (scriptContent: string, options: Partial<XOptions
   try {
     return await runScript(tmpFile, [], options);
   } finally {
-    await fs.promises.unlink(tmpFile);
+    try {
+      await fs.promises.unlink(tmpFile);
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.warn(`Failed to clean up temporary file ${tmpFile}:`, {
+        error: (error as Error).stack || (error as Error).message,
+      });
+    }
   }
 };
 

From be76d697e808af8375a7b52248b653a0550b458a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 06:38:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 24/29] move python runtime/extension to independent package

---
 .changeset/little-trains-begin.md             |  2 +-
 packages/build/package.json                   | 17 ----
 packages/python/CHANGELOG.md                  |  1 +
 packages/python/LICENSE                       | 21 +++++
 packages/python/README.md                     |  3 +
 packages/python/package.json                  | 93 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../python.ts => python/src/extension.ts}     | 63 +------------
 packages/python/src/index.ts                  | 63 +++++++++++++
 packages/python/tsconfig.json                 |  8 ++
 packages/python/tsconfig.src.json             | 10 ++
 references/v3-catalog/trigger.config.ts       |  2 +-
 11 files changed, 203 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/python/CHANGELOG.md
 create mode 100644 packages/python/LICENSE
 create mode 100644 packages/python/README.md
 create mode 100644 packages/python/package.json
 rename packages/{build/src/extensions/python.ts => python/src/extension.ts} (64%)
 create mode 100644 packages/python/src/index.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/python/tsconfig.json
 create mode 100644 packages/python/tsconfig.src.json

diff --git a/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md b/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md
index 89b8998251..15c54cbb0f 100644
--- a/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md
+++ b/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-"@trigger.dev/build": minor
+"@trigger.dev/python": minor
 ---
 
 Introduced a new Python extension to enhance the build process. It now allows users to execute Python scripts with improved support and error handling.
diff --git a/packages/build/package.json b/packages/build/package.json
index 8f42528600..5ccdfd6305 100644
--- a/packages/build/package.json
+++ b/packages/build/package.json
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
       "./extensions/prisma": "./src/extensions/prisma.ts",
       "./extensions/audioWaveform": "./src/extensions/audioWaveform.ts",
       "./extensions/typescript": "./src/extensions/typescript.ts",
-      "./extensions/python": "./src/extensions/python.ts",
       "./extensions/puppeteer": "./src/extensions/puppeteer.ts"
     },
     "sourceDialects": [
@@ -52,9 +51,6 @@
       "extensions/typescript": [
         "dist/commonjs/extensions/typescript.d.ts"
       ],
-      "extensions/python": [
-        "dist/commonjs/extensions/python.d.ts"
-      ],
       "extensions/puppeteer": [
         "dist/commonjs/extensions/puppeteer.d.ts"
       ]
@@ -70,9 +66,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@trigger.dev/core": "workspace:3.3.16",
-    "@trigger.dev/sdk": "workspace:3.3.16",
     "pkg-types": "^1.1.3",
-    "tinyexec": "^0.3.2",
     "tinyglobby": "^0.2.2",
     "tsconfck": "3.1.3"
   },
@@ -156,17 +150,6 @@
         "default": "./dist/commonjs/extensions/typescript.js"
       }
     },
-    "./extensions/python": {
-      "import": {
-        "@triggerdotdev/source": "./src/extensions/python.ts",
-        "types": "./dist/esm/extensions/python.d.ts",
-        "default": "./dist/esm/extensions/python.js"
-      },
-      "require": {
-        "types": "./dist/commonjs/extensions/python.d.ts",
-        "default": "./dist/commonjs/extensions/python.js"
-      }
-    },
     "./extensions/puppeteer": {
       "import": {
         "@triggerdotdev/source": "./src/extensions/puppeteer.ts",
diff --git a/packages/python/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/python/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abac457942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/python/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# @trigger.dev/python
diff --git a/packages/python/LICENSE b/packages/python/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b448fb3800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/python/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 Trigger.dev
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/packages/python/README.md b/packages/python/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3804bf2f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/python/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Official Python extension for Trigger.dev
+
+View the full documentation [here](https://trigger.dev/docs)
diff --git a/packages/python/package.json b/packages/python/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d032b6c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/python/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{
+  "name": "@trigger.dev/python",
+  "version": "3.3.16",
+  "description": "Python runtime and build extension for Trigger.dev",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "publishConfig": {
+    "access": "public"
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "https://github.com/triggerdotdev/trigger.dev",
+    "directory": "packages/python"
+  },
+  "type": "module",
+  "files": [
+    "dist"
+  ],
+  "tshy": {
+    "selfLink": false,
+    "main": true,
+    "module": true,
+    "project": "./tsconfig.src.json",
+    "exports": {
+      "./package.json": "./package.json",
+      ".": "./src/index.ts",
+      "./extension": "./src/extension.ts"
+    },
+    "sourceDialects": [
+      "@triggerdotdev/source"
+    ]
+  },
+  "typesVersions": {
+    "*": {
+      "extension": [
+        "dist/commonjs/extension.d.ts"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "clean": "rimraf dist",
+    "build": "tshy && pnpm run update-version",
+    "dev": "tshy --watch",
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit -p tsconfig.src.json",
+    "update-version": "tsx ../../scripts/updateVersion.ts",
+    "check-exports": "attw --pack ."
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@trigger.dev/build": "workspace:3.3.16",
+    "@trigger.dev/core": "workspace:3.3.16",
+    "@trigger.dev/sdk": "workspace:3.3.16",
+    "tinyexec": "^0.3.2"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/node": "20.14.14",
+    "rimraf": "6.0.1",
+    "tshy": "^3.0.2",
+    "typescript": "^5.5.4",
+    "tsx": "4.17.0",
+    "esbuild": "^0.23.0",
+    "@arethetypeswrong/cli": "^0.15.4"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=18.20.0"
+  },
+  "exports": {
+    "./package.json": "./package.json",
+    ".": {
+      "import": {
+        "@triggerdotdev/source": "./src/index.ts",
+        "types": "./dist/esm/index.d.ts",
+        "default": "./dist/esm/index.js"
+      },
+      "require": {
+        "types": "./dist/commonjs/index.d.ts",
+        "default": "./dist/commonjs/index.js"
+      }
+    },
+    "./extension": {
+      "import": {
+        "@triggerdotdev/source": "./src/extension.ts",
+        "types": "./dist/esm/extension.d.ts",
+        "default": "./dist/esm/extension.js"
+      },
+      "require": {
+        "types": "./dist/commonjs/extension.d.ts",
+        "default": "./dist/commonjs/extension.js"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "main": "./dist/commonjs/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/commonjs/index.d.ts",
+  "module": "./dist/esm/index.js"
+}
diff --git a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts b/packages/python/src/extension.ts
similarity index 64%
rename from packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
rename to packages/python/src/extension.ts
index 3caa1a4300..ea0c4140fb 100644
--- a/packages/build/src/extensions/python.ts
+++ b/packages/python/src/extension.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import assert from "node:assert";
-import { additionalFiles } from "./core/additionalFiles.js";
+import { additionalFiles } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/core";
 import { BuildManifest } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3";
 import { BuildContext, BuildExtension } from "@trigger.dev/core/v3/build";
-import { logger } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
-import { x, Options as XOptions, Result } from "tinyexec";
 
 export type PythonOptions = {
   requirements?: string[];
@@ -118,61 +116,4 @@ class PythonExtension implements BuildExtension {
   }
 }
 
-export const run = async (
-  scriptArgs: string[] = [],
-  options: Partial<XOptions> = {}
-): Promise<Result> => {
-  const pythonBin = process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH || "python";
-
-  return await logger.trace("Python call", async (span) => {
-    span.addEvent("Properties", {
-      command: `${pythonBin} ${scriptArgs.join(" ")}`,
-    });
-
-    const result = await x(pythonBin, scriptArgs, {
-      ...options,
-      throwOnError: false, // Ensure errors are handled manually
-    });
-
-    span.addEvent("Output", { ...result });
-
-    if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
-      logger.error(result.stderr, { ...result });
-      throw new Error(`Python command exited with non-zero code ${result.exitCode}`);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-  });
-};
-
-export const runScript = (
-  scriptPath: string,
-  scriptArgs: string[] = [],
-  options: Partial<XOptions> = {}
-) => {
-  assert(scriptPath, "Script path is required");
-  assert(fs.existsSync(scriptPath), `Script does not exist: ${scriptPath}`);
-
-  return run([scriptPath, ...scriptArgs], options);
-};
-
-export const runInline = async (scriptContent: string, options: Partial<XOptions> = {}) => {
-  assert(scriptContent, "Script content is required");
-
-  const tmpFile = `/tmp/script_${Date.now()}.py`;
-  await fs.promises.writeFile(tmpFile, scriptContent, { mode: 0o600 });
-
-  try {
-    return await runScript(tmpFile, [], options);
-  } finally {
-    try {
-      await fs.promises.unlink(tmpFile);
-    } catch (error) {
-      logger.warn(`Failed to clean up temporary file ${tmpFile}:`, {
-        error: (error as Error).stack || (error as Error).message,
-      });
-    }
-  }
-};
-
-export default { run, runScript, runInline };
+export default pythonExtension;
diff --git a/packages/python/src/index.ts b/packages/python/src/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aefcfddbe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/python/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import assert from "node:assert";
+import { logger } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
+import { x, Options as XOptions, Result } from "tinyexec";
+
+export const run = async (
+  scriptArgs: string[] = [],
+  options: Partial<XOptions> = {}
+): Promise<Result> => {
+  const pythonBin = process.env.PYTHON_BIN_PATH || "python";
+
+  return await logger.trace("Python call", async (span) => {
+    span.addEvent("Properties", {
+      command: `${pythonBin} ${scriptArgs.join(" ")}`,
+    });
+
+    const result = await x(pythonBin, scriptArgs, {
+      ...options,
+      throwOnError: false, // Ensure errors are handled manually
+    });
+
+    span.addEvent("Output", { ...result });
+
+    if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+      logger.error(result.stderr, { ...result });
+      throw new Error(`Python command exited with non-zero code ${result.exitCode}`);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  });
+};
+
+export const runScript = (
+  scriptPath: string,
+  scriptArgs: string[] = [],
+  options: Partial<XOptions> = {}
+) => {
+  assert(scriptPath, "Script path is required");
+  assert(fs.existsSync(scriptPath), `Script does not exist: ${scriptPath}`);
+
+  return run([scriptPath, ...scriptArgs], options);
+};
+
+export const runInline = async (scriptContent: string, options: Partial<XOptions> = {}) => {
+  assert(scriptContent, "Script content is required");
+
+  const tmpFile = `/tmp/script_${Date.now()}.py`;
+  await fs.promises.writeFile(tmpFile, scriptContent, { mode: 0o600 });
+
+  try {
+    return await runScript(tmpFile, [], options);
+  } finally {
+    try {
+      await fs.promises.unlink(tmpFile);
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.warn(`Failed to clean up temporary file ${tmpFile}:`, {
+        error: (error as Error).stack || (error as Error).message,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+export default { run, runScript, runInline };
diff --git a/packages/python/tsconfig.json b/packages/python/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16881b51b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/python/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "extends": "../../.configs/tsconfig.base.json",
+  "references": [
+    {
+      "path": "./tsconfig.src.json"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/python/tsconfig.src.json b/packages/python/tsconfig.src.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db06c53317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/python/tsconfig.src.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
+  "include": ["./src/**/*.ts"],
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "isolatedDeclarations": false,
+    "composite": true,
+    "sourceMap": true,
+    "customConditions": ["@triggerdotdev/source"]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/references/v3-catalog/trigger.config.ts b/references/v3-catalog/trigger.config.ts
index 359260be39..b06685ade8 100644
--- a/references/v3-catalog/trigger.config.ts
+++ b/references/v3-catalog/trigger.config.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { ffmpeg, syncEnvVars } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/core";
 import { puppeteer } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/puppeteer";
 import { prismaExtension } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/prisma";
 import { emitDecoratorMetadata } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/typescript";
-import { pythonExtension } from "@trigger.dev/build/extensions/python";
+import { pythonExtension } from "@trigger.dev/python/extension";
 import { defineConfig } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
 
 export { handleError } from "./src/handleError.js";

From ec5c3904b8123333f8b77f1db0d7d677750c6c8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 06:39:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 25/29] fix build package readme

---
 packages/build/README.md | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/build/README.md b/packages/build/README.md
index d3ea2f35f9..fdf6403c2f 100644
--- a/packages/build/README.md
+++ b/packages/build/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-# Official TypeScript SDK for Trigger.dev
+# Official Build Package of Trigger.dev
 
-View the full documentation for the [here](https://trigger.dev/docs)
+View the full documentation [here](https://trigger.dev/docs)

From cccf3e08de014b11735651fb2a253350c8e3d47b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 06:39:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 26/29] update lock file

---
 pnpm-lock.yaml | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index a7419aa5a0..6358b71bfc 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -1038,15 +1038,9 @@ importers:
       '@trigger.dev/core':
         specifier: workspace:3.3.16
         version: link:../core
-      '@trigger.dev/sdk':
-        specifier: workspace:3.3.14
-        version: link:../trigger-sdk
       pkg-types:
         specifier: ^1.1.3
         version: 1.1.3
-      tinyexec:
-        specifier: ^0.3.2
-        version: 0.3.2
       tinyglobby:
         specifier: ^0.2.2
         version: 0.2.2
@@ -1423,6 +1417,43 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^1.6.0
         version: 1.6.0(@types/node@20.14.14)
 
+  packages/python:
+    dependencies:
+      '@trigger.dev/build':
+        specifier: workspace:3.3.16
+        version: link:../build
+      '@trigger.dev/core':
+        specifier: workspace:3.3.16
+        version: link:../core
+      '@trigger.dev/sdk':
+        specifier: workspace:3.3.16
+        version: link:../trigger-sdk
+      tinyexec:
+        specifier: ^0.3.2
+        version: 0.3.2
+    devDependencies:
+      '@arethetypeswrong/cli':
+        specifier: ^0.15.4
+        version: 0.15.4
+      '@types/node':
+        specifier: 20.14.14
+        version: 20.14.14
+      esbuild:
+        specifier: ^0.23.0
+        version: 0.23.0
+      rimraf:
+        specifier: 6.0.1
+        version: 6.0.1
+      tshy:
+        specifier: ^3.0.2
+        version: 3.0.2
+      tsx:
+        specifier: 4.17.0
+        version: 4.17.0
+      typescript:
+        specifier: ^5.5.4
+        version: 5.5.4
+
   packages/react-hooks:
     dependencies:
       '@trigger.dev/core':

From a43306154cb34026b1aa87f7759d073de2e39e3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 07:28:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 27/29] add documentation to python's package

---
 packages/python/README.md | 103 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 101 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/python/README.md b/packages/python/README.md
index 3804bf2f2b..7dd697b46c 100644
--- a/packages/python/README.md
+++ b/packages/python/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,102 @@
-# Official Python extension for Trigger.dev
+# Python Extension for Trigger.dev
 
-View the full documentation [here](https://trigger.dev/docs)
+The Python extension enhances Trigger.dev's build process by enabling limited support for executing Python scripts within your tasks.
+
+## Overview
+
+This extension introduces the <code>pythonExtension</code> build extension, which offers several key capabilities:
+
+- **Install Python Dependencies (Except in Dev):** Automatically installs Python and specified dependencies using <code>pip</code>.
+- **Requirements File Support:** You can specify dependencies in a <code>requirements.txt</code> file.
+- **Inline Requirements:** Define dependencies directly within your <code>trigger.config.ts</code> file using the <code>requirements</code> option.
+- **Virtual Environment:** Creates a virtual environment (<code>/opt/venv</code>) inside containers to isolate Python dependencies.
+- **Helper Functions:** Provides a variety of functions for executing Python code:
+  - <code>run</code>: Executes Python commands with proper environment setup.
+  - <code>runInline</code>: Executes inline Python code directly from Node.
+  - <code>runScript</code>: Executes standalone <code>.py</code> script files.
+- **Custom Python Path:** In development, you can configure <code>pythonBinaryPath</code> to point to a custom Python installation.
+
+## Usage
+
+1. Add the extension to your <code>trigger.config.ts</code> file:
+
+```typescript
+import { defineConfig } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
+import pythonExtension from "@trigger.dev/python/extension";
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  project: "<project ref>",
+  build: {
+    extensions: [
+      pythonExtension({
+        requirementsFile: "./requirements.txt", // Optional: Path to your requirements file
+        pythonBinaryPath: path.join(rootDir, `.venv/bin/python`), // Optional: Custom Python binary path
+        scripts: ["my_script.py"], // List of Python scripts to include
+      }),
+    ],
+  },
+});
+```
+
+2. (Optional) Create a <code>requirements.txt</code> file in your project root with the necessary Python dependencies.
+
+3. Execute Python scripts within your tasks using one of the provided functions:
+
+### Running a Python Script
+
+```typescript
+import { task } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
+import python from "@trigger.dev/python";
+
+export const myScript = task({
+  id: "my-python-script",
+  run: async () => {
+    const result = await python.runScript("my_script.py", ["hello", "world"]);
+    return result.stdout;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Running Inline Python Code
+
+```typescript
+import { task } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
+import python from "@trigger.dev/python";
+
+export const myTask = task({
+  id: "to_datetime-task",
+  run: async () => {
+    const result = await python.runInline(`
+import pandas as pd
+
+pandas.to_datetime("${+new Date() / 1000}")
+`);
+    return result.stdout;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Running Lower-Level Commands
+
+```typescript
+import { task } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";
+import python from "@trigger.dev/python";
+
+export const pythonVersionTask = task({
+  id: "python-version-task",
+  run: async () => {
+    const result = await python.run(["--version"]);
+    return result.stdout; // Expected output: Python 3.12.8
+  },
+});
+```
+
+## Limitations
+
+- This is a **partial implementation** and does not provide full Python support as an execution runtime for tasks.
+- Only basic Python script execution is supported; scripts are not automatically copied to staging/production containers.
+- Manual intervention may be required for installing and configuring binary dependencies in development environments.
+
+## Additional Information
+
+For more detailed documentation, visit the official docs at [Trigger.dev Documentation](https://trigger.dev/docs).

From 751ac55b2e632a6de226b82ffff12c5aa06ded99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zvictor <zvictor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:31:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 28/29] add missing dependency

---
 pnpm-lock.yaml                     | 3 +++
 references/v3-catalog/package.json | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 6358b71bfc..0802b03a8b 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -1965,6 +1965,9 @@ importers:
       '@trigger.dev/build':
         specifier: workspace:*
         version: link:../../packages/build
+      '@trigger.dev/python':
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../../packages/python
       '@types/email-reply-parser':
         specifier: ^1.4.2
         version: 1.4.2
diff --git a/references/v3-catalog/package.json b/references/v3-catalog/package.json
index c9de9cf913..5103a91cea 100644
--- a/references/v3-catalog/package.json
+++ b/references/v3-catalog/package.json
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@
     "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node": "^1.22.0",
     "@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions": "^1.22.0",
     "@trigger.dev/build": "workspace:*",
+    "@trigger.dev/python": "workspace:*",
     "@types/email-reply-parser": "^1.4.2",
     "@types/fluent-ffmpeg": "^2.1.26",
     "@types/node": "20.4.2",
@@ -85,4 +86,4 @@
     "tsconfig-paths": "^4.2.0",
     "typescript": "^5.5.4"
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}

From 7eddd20783a5b70ac670825eb82f24f383368fac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Allam <eallam@icloud.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2025 13:34:30 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 29/29] Update little-trains-begin.md

---
 .changeset/little-trains-begin.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md b/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md
index 15c54cbb0f..11e4b8dc22 100644
--- a/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md
+++ b/.changeset/little-trains-begin.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-"@trigger.dev/python": minor
+"@trigger.dev/python": patch
 ---
 
 Introduced a new Python extension to enhance the build process. It now allows users to execute Python scripts with improved support and error handling.